. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mass media in China"@en . . . . . "\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u5A92\u9AD4\u662F1949\u5E74\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u540E\u6240\u53D1\u5C55\u8D77\u6765\u5305\u62EC\u62A5\u7EB8\u3001\u6742\u5FD7\u3001\u56FE\u4E66\u7B49\u7EB8\u9762\u5A92\u4F53\u548C\u7535\u5F71\u3001\u5E7F\u64AD\u3001\u7535\u89C6\u7B49\u7535\u5B50\u5A92\u4F53\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6D88\u606F\u5A92\u4ECB\u30022000\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u53D1\u5C55\u8D77\u6765\u7684\u57FA\u4E8E\u536B\u661F\u901A\u4FE1\u3001\u4E92\u8054\u7F51\u7B49\u6280\u672F\u7684\u65B0\u5174\u5A92\u4F53\u4E5F\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u65B0\u5A92\u4F53\uFF0C\u4E0E\u62A5\u520A\u3001\u7535\u5F71\u3001\u5E7F\u64AD\u3001\u7535\u89C6\u7B49\u4F20\u7EDF\u5A92\u4F53\u76F8\u5BF9\u5E94\u3002 1980\u5E74\u4EE3\u8D77\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5A92\u4F53\u5F00\u59CB\u5546\u4E1A\u5316\u8FD0\u4F5C\u3002\u5A92\u4F53\u66FE\u4EC5\u9650\u4E3A\u515A\u653F\u673A\u5173\u6240\u6709\uFF0C\u4F46\u5982\u4ECA\u79C1\u6709\u5236\u6BD4\u4F8B\u5DF2\u7ECF\u589E\u52A0\u30021990\u5E74\u4EE3\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u653F\u5E9C\u9010\u6B65\u64A4\u53BB\u4E86\u5BF9\u4E2D\u592E\u548C\u5730\u65B9\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u8D44\u52A9\uFF0C\u4EC5\u4FDD\u7559\u4E86\u5BF9\u4EBA\u6C11\u65E5\u62A5\u548C\u65B0\u534E\u793E\u7B49\u5173\u952E\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u8D44\u52A9\uFF0C\u800C\u5373\u4FBF\u662F\u4EBA\u6C11\u65E5\u62A5\u4E5F\u5F00\u59CB\u57282001\u5E74\u53D1\u884C\u4E86\u5546\u4E1A\u5316\u8FD0\u8425\u7684\u4EAC\u534E\u65F6\u62A5\u3002\u540C\u5E74\uFF0C\u9999\u6E2F\u5546\u4EBA\u4E8E\u54C1\u6D77\u5728\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5A92\u4F53\u4E2D\u9996\u5EA6\u5F15\u5165\u5916\u8D44\u30022000\u5E74\u4EE3\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u7F51\u7EDC\u5A92\u4F53\u5174\u8D77\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u4E3B\u6D41\u5A92\u4F53\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u52302018\u5E74\u5E95\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u7F51\u7EDC\u666E\u53CA\u7387\u8FBE\u5230\u4E8659.6%\uFF0C\u7F51\u6C11\u89C4\u6A21\u8FBE8.29\u4EBF\uFF0C\u7F51\u7EDC\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u4F20\u64AD\u9014\u5F84\u4E5F\u7531\u95E8\u6237\u7F51\u7AD9\u3001\u65B0\u95FB\u7F51\u7AD9\u8F6C\u4E3A\u73B0\u4ECA\u7684\u5FAE\u4FE1\u3001\u5FAE\u535A\u3001\u79FB\u52A8\u5BA2\u6237\u7AEF\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002 \u4F46\u5728\u65E0\u56FD\u754C\u8BB0\u8005\u7EC4\u7EC7\u53D1\u5E03\u76842019\u4E16\u754C\u51FA\u7248\u81EA\u7531\u6307\u6570\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5728\u5168\u7403180\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u6216\u5730\u533A\u4E2D\u4F4D\u5C45\u7B2C177\u540D\u3002\u5728\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF0C\u8BB0\u8005\u9762\u4E34\u9A9A\u6270\u548C\u5165\u72F1\u5A01\u80C1\uFF0C\u5E38\u4E0D\u5F97\u4E0D\u8FDB\u884C\u81EA\u6211\u5BA1\u67E5\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u5BAA\u6CD5\u4FDD\u969C\u51FA\u7248\u548C\u8A00\u8BBA\u81EA\u7531\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5A92\u4F53\u76D1\u7BA1\u7684\u4E0D\u900F\u660E\u4F7F\u5F97\u653F\u5E9C\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u6307\u63A7\u5176\u6CC4\u6F0F\u56FD\u5BB6\u673A\u5BC6\u548C\u5A01\u80C1\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B89\u5168\u6765\u6253\u51FB\u5A92\u4F53\u3002\u636E\u591A\u5BB6\u5916\u5A92\u62A5\u9053\uFF0C\u81EA\u4E60\u8FD1\u5E732012\u5E74\u4E0A\u4EFB\u4E2D\u5171\u4E2D\u592E\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u5185\u5730\u7684\u51FA\u7248\u81EA\u7531\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u4E0B\u964D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "250649"^^ . "The mass media in China consists primarily of television, newspapers, radio, and magazines. Since the start of the 21st century, the Internet has also emerged as an important form of communication by media, and is under the direct supervision and control of the Chinese government and ruling Chinese Communist Party. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and until the 1980s, almost all media outlets in Mainland China were state-run. Privately-owned media outlets only began to emerge at the onset of economic reforms, although state media outlets such as Xinhua News Agency, China Central Television (CCTV), and the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, People's Daily, continue to hold significant market share. Non-governmental media outlets that are allowed to operate within the PRC (excluding Hong Kong and Macau, which have separate media regulatory bodies) are no longer required to strictly follow every journalistic guideline set by the Chinese government. However, regulatory agencies, such as the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP) and the National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA), continue to set strict regulations on subjects considered taboo by the government, including but not limited to the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), pro-democracy movements, human rights in Tibet, the Uyghur genocide, pornography, and the banned religious topics, such as the Dalai Lama and Falun Gong. Hong Kong is also witnessing increasing self-censorship. Media controls were most relaxed during the 1980s under Deng Xiaoping, until they were tightened in the aftermath of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. They were relaxed again under Jiang Zemin in the late 1990s, but the growing influence of the Internet and its potential to encourage dissent led to heavier regulations again under the government of Hu Jintao. Reporters Without Borders consistently ranks China very poorly on media freedoms in their annual releases of the Press Freedom Index, labeling the Chinese government as having \"the sorry distinction of leading the world in repression of the Internet\". In 2021, China ranked 177 out of 180 nations on the Press Freedom Index. Press in China is not free, with access to the open Internet restricted."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The mass media in China consists primarily of television, newspapers, radio, and magazines. Since the start of the 21st century, the Internet has also emerged as an important form of communication by media, and is under the direct supervision and control of the Chinese government and ruling Chinese Communist Party."@en . . . . . . . "55518"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u5A92\u9AD4"@zh . . . . . "Medier i Kina"@sv . . . . . . . . . "New policies"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Medier i Kina utg\u00F6rs av TV, radio och tidskrifter och webbplatser. Kina \u00E4r v\u00E4rldens st\u00F6rsta mediemarknad och medierna \u00E4r kontrollerade av staten. Webbsidor blockeras, medier censureras, vissa \u00E4mnen \u00E4r till och med f\u00F6rbjudna. Allt som kan hota kommunistpartiets maktst\u00E4llning i Kina censureras med andra ord."@sv . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u5A92\u9AD4\u662F1949\u5E74\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u540E\u6240\u53D1\u5C55\u8D77\u6765\u5305\u62EC\u62A5\u7EB8\u3001\u6742\u5FD7\u3001\u56FE\u4E66\u7B49\u7EB8\u9762\u5A92\u4F53\u548C\u7535\u5F71\u3001\u5E7F\u64AD\u3001\u7535\u89C6\u7B49\u7535\u5B50\u5A92\u4F53\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6D88\u606F\u5A92\u4ECB\u30022000\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u53D1\u5C55\u8D77\u6765\u7684\u57FA\u4E8E\u536B\u661F\u901A\u4FE1\u3001\u4E92\u8054\u7F51\u7B49\u6280\u672F\u7684\u65B0\u5174\u5A92\u4F53\u4E5F\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u65B0\u5A92\u4F53\uFF0C\u4E0E\u62A5\u520A\u3001\u7535\u5F71\u3001\u5E7F\u64AD\u3001\u7535\u89C6\u7B49\u4F20\u7EDF\u5A92\u4F53\u76F8\u5BF9\u5E94\u3002 1980\u5E74\u4EE3\u8D77\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5A92\u4F53\u5F00\u59CB\u5546\u4E1A\u5316\u8FD0\u4F5C\u3002\u5A92\u4F53\u66FE\u4EC5\u9650\u4E3A\u515A\u653F\u673A\u5173\u6240\u6709\uFF0C\u4F46\u5982\u4ECA\u79C1\u6709\u5236\u6BD4\u4F8B\u5DF2\u7ECF\u589E\u52A0\u30021990\u5E74\u4EE3\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u653F\u5E9C\u9010\u6B65\u64A4\u53BB\u4E86\u5BF9\u4E2D\u592E\u548C\u5730\u65B9\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u8D44\u52A9\uFF0C\u4EC5\u4FDD\u7559\u4E86\u5BF9\u4EBA\u6C11\u65E5\u62A5\u548C\u65B0\u534E\u793E\u7B49\u5173\u952E\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u8D44\u52A9\uFF0C\u800C\u5373\u4FBF\u662F\u4EBA\u6C11\u65E5\u62A5\u4E5F\u5F00\u59CB\u57282001\u5E74\u53D1\u884C\u4E86\u5546\u4E1A\u5316\u8FD0\u8425\u7684\u4EAC\u534E\u65F6\u62A5\u3002\u540C\u5E74\uFF0C\u9999\u6E2F\u5546\u4EBA\u4E8E\u54C1\u6D77\u5728\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5A92\u4F53\u4E2D\u9996\u5EA6\u5F15\u5165\u5916\u8D44\u30022000\u5E74\u4EE3\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u7F51\u7EDC\u5A92\u4F53\u5174\u8D77\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u4E3B\u6D41\u5A92\u4F53\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u52302018\u5E74\u5E95\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u7F51\u7EDC\u666E\u53CA\u7387\u8FBE\u5230\u4E8659.6%\uFF0C\u7F51\u6C11\u89C4\u6A21\u8FBE8.29\u4EBF\uFF0C\u7F51\u7EDC\u5A92\u4F53\u7684\u4F20\u64AD\u9014\u5F84\u4E5F\u7531\u95E8\u6237\u7F51\u7AD9\u3001\u65B0\u95FB\u7F51\u7AD9\u8F6C\u4E3A\u73B0\u4ECA\u7684\u5FAE\u4FE1\u3001\u5FAE\u535A\u3001\u79FB\u52A8\u5BA2\u6237\u7AEF\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002 \u4F46\u5728\u65E0\u56FD\u754C\u8BB0\u8005\u7EC4\u7EC7\u53D1\u5E03\u76842019\u4E16\u754C\u51FA\u7248\u81EA\u7531\u6307\u6570\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5728\u5168\u7403180\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u6216\u5730\u533A\u4E2D\u4F4D\u5C45\u7B2C177\u540D\u3002\u5728\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF0C\u8BB0\u8005\u9762\u4E34\u9A9A\u6270\u548C\u5165\u72F1\u5A01\u80C1\uFF0C\u5E38\u4E0D\u5F97\u4E0D\u8FDB\u884C\u81EA\u6211\u5BA1\u67E5\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u5BAA\u6CD5\u4FDD\u969C\u51FA\u7248\u548C\u8A00\u8BBA\u81EA\u7531\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5A92\u4F53\u76D1\u7BA1\u7684\u4E0D\u900F\u660E\u4F7F\u5F97\u653F\u5E9C\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u6307\u63A7\u5176\u6CC4\u6F0F\u56FD\u5BB6\u673A\u5BC6\u548C\u5A01\u80C1\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B89\u5168\u6765\u6253\u51FB\u5A92\u4F53\u3002\u636E\u591A\u5BB6\u5916\u5A92\u62A5\u9053\uFF0C\u81EA\u4E60\u8FD1\u5E732012\u5E74\u4E0A\u4EFB\u4E2D\u5171\u4E2D\u592E\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u5185\u5730\u7684\u51FA\u7248\u81EA\u7531\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u4E0B\u964D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "1122411860"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Medier i Kina utg\u00F6rs av TV, radio och tidskrifter och webbplatser. Kina \u00E4r v\u00E4rldens st\u00F6rsta mediemarknad och medierna \u00E4r kontrollerade av staten. Webbsidor blockeras, medier censureras, vissa \u00E4mnen \u00E4r till och med f\u00F6rbjudna. Allt som kan hota kommunistpartiets maktst\u00E4llning i Kina censureras med andra ord."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "June 2019"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .