. . . "Die nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote (auch NRU, f\u00FCr englisch natural rate of unemployment, normale, strukturelle oder gleichgewichtige Arbeitslosenquote) ist eine \u00F6konomische Hypothese, die besagt, dass zu dem im gesamtwirtschaftlichen Gleichgewicht gegebenen Reallohn stets ein gewisses Unterbesch\u00E4ftigungsniveau besteht, welches aus Informationsm\u00E4ngeln, Mobilit\u00E4tshemmnissen, Anpassungskosten, demografischen Ver\u00E4nderungen, Zuf\u00E4lligkeiten und \u00E4hnlichen Marktunvollkommenheiten resultiert und sich auch kurzfristig nicht beseitigen l\u00E4sst."@de . "La tasa natural de desempleo representa el \u00EDndice de paro hipot\u00E9tico al que tender\u00EDa una econom\u00EDa a largo plazo.\u200B El concepto parte de la idea que el desempleo se equilibra usando las reglas de la oferta y la demanda, y no de forma aleatoria, lo que permite predecir el punto de equilibrio de la tasa de desempleo en una econom\u00EDa.\u200B De esto tambi\u00E9n se deduce que para reducir la tasa de paro a largo plazo solamente hay que aumentar la oferta de empleo.\u200B La tasa natural de desempleo fue desarrollada por Milton Friedman y Edmund Phelps en los a\u00F1os 1960, ambos galardonados con el Premio Nobel de econom\u00EDa. En ambos casos, el desarrollo del concepto est\u00E1 citado como motivaci\u00F3n principal del premio.\u200B\u200B"@es . "570703"^^ . . "\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Natural rate of unemployment) \u2014 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435."@ru . . "1068281014"^^ . "Nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote"@de . . . "Le taux de ch\u00F4mage naturel est un concept \u00E9conomique qui correspond au taux de ch\u00F4mage d'\u00E9quilibre, vers lequel l'\u00E9conomie tend sur le long terme."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage is een concept uit de economische wetenschap, dat in de jaren zestig met name door de Amerikaanse economen Milton Friedman en Edmund Phelps werden ontwikkeld. Het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage staat voor het hypothetische werkloosheidspercentage waar de geaggregeerde productie in overeenstemming is met het langetermijnniveau. Dit niveau komt overeen met de geaggregeerde productie bij afwezigheid van diverse tijdelijke fricties: zoals onvolledige prijsaanpassingen in arbeid- en goederenmarkten. Het natuurlijke werkloosheidspercentage komt daarom overeen met het werkloosheidspercentage dat neo-klassieke economie tot stand komt."@nl . . "Le taux de ch\u00F4mage naturel est un concept \u00E9conomique qui correspond au taux de ch\u00F4mage d'\u00E9quilibre, vers lequel l'\u00E9conomie tend sur le long terme."@fr . "Tasa natural de desempleo"@es . "The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity. Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps, tackling this 'human' problem in the 1960s, both received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work, and the development of the concept is cited as a main motivation behind the prize. A simplistic summary of the concept is: 'The natural rate of unemployment, when an economy is in a steady state of \"full employment\", is the proportion of the workforce who are unemployed'. Put another way, this concept clarifies that the economic term \"full employment\" does not mean \"zero unemployment\". It represents the hypothetical unemployment rate consistent with aggregate production being at the \"long-run\" level. This level is consistent wi"@en . "Naturalna stopa bezrobocia"@pl . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F"@uk . "Het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage is een concept uit de economische wetenschap, dat in de jaren zestig met name door de Amerikaanse economen Milton Friedman en Edmund Phelps werden ontwikkeld. Het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage staat voor het hypothetische werkloosheidspercentage waar de geaggregeerde productie in overeenstemming is met het langetermijnniveau. Dit niveau komt overeen met de geaggregeerde productie bij afwezigheid van diverse tijdelijke fricties: zoals onvolledige prijsaanpassingen in arbeid- en goederenmarkten. Het natuurlijke werkloosheidspercentage komt daarom overeen met het werkloosheidspercentage dat neo-klassieke economie tot stand komt. Het natuurlijke werkloosheidspercentage wordt voornamelijk door de aanbodzijde van de economie en daarmee door de productiemogelijkheden en economische instituties bepaald. Als permanente misallocatie en/of re\u00EBle loonrigiditeiten in de arbeidsmarkt onder deze institutionele kenmerken telt, kan de natuurlijke werkloosheid voor een deel ook uit onvrijwillige werkloosheid bestaan. Het optreden van verstoringen (bijvoorbeeld cyclische verschuivingen in investeringssentimenten) zal ervoor zorgen dat de hoogte van de werkelijke werkloosheid rondom het natuurlijke werkloosheidspercentage zal fluctueren en gedeeltelijk zal worden bepaald door geaggregeerde vraagfactoren zoals onder een keynesiaanse visie op de determinanten van de output. De implicatie voor het beleid is dat het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage niet permanent kan worden verlaagd door vraagstimulerende maatregelen (waaronder monetair beleid), maar dat zulke maatregelen wel een rol kunnen spelen bij het stabiliseren van de variaties in de werkelijke werkloosheid. Verlagingen in het natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage moeten, volgens het concept, worden bereikt door structureel beleid dat zich op de aanbodzijde van de economie richt."@nl . "Natural rate of unemployment"@en . . "\u81EA\u7136\u5931\u696D\u7387\uFF08\u3057\u305C\u3093\u3057\u3064\u304E\u3087\u3046\u308A\u3064\u3001\u82F1: Natural rate of unemployment\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u3005\u306E\u4E88\u60F3\u3059\u308B\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u7387\u3068\u5B9F\u969B\u306E\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EC\u7387\u306E\u4E56\u96E2\u304C\u306A\u304F\u306A\u308B\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u3001\u8CC3\u91D1\u304C\u5341\u5206\u306B\u4F38\u7E2E\u3057\u3066\u4FA1\u683C\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3088\u308A\u52B4\u50CD\u5E02\u5834\u306E\u9700\u7D66\u304C\u8ABF\u6574\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3001\u9577\u671F\u5747\u8861\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5931\u696D\u7387\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . . "Naturalna stopa bezrobocia (bezrobocie naturalne) \u2013 poziom bezrobocia wyst\u0119puj\u0105cy w gospodarce, gdy rynek znajduje si\u0119 w stanie r\u00F3wnowagi. Ekonomi\u015Bci cz\u0119sto definiuj\u0105 naturaln\u0105 stop\u0119 bezrobocia jako sum\u0119 bezrobocia frykcyjnego i strukturalnego. Bezrobocie to wi\u0105\u017Ce si\u0119 ze zmianami na rynku pracy zwi\u0105zanymi z wahaniami aktywno\u015Bci\u0105 si\u0142y roboczej, likwidowaniem niekt\u00F3rych bran\u017C i powstawaniem nowych. Naturalna stopa bezrobocia w gospodarce rynkowej nigdy nie jest r\u00F3wna zero."@pl . "\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Natural rate of unemployment) \u2014 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435."@ru . . "Naturalna stopa bezrobocia (bezrobocie naturalne) \u2013 poziom bezrobocia wyst\u0119puj\u0105cy w gospodarce, gdy rynek znajduje si\u0119 w stanie r\u00F3wnowagi. Ekonomi\u015Bci cz\u0119sto definiuj\u0105 naturaln\u0105 stop\u0119 bezrobocia jako sum\u0119 bezrobocia frykcyjnego i strukturalnego. Bezrobocie to wi\u0105\u017Ce si\u0119 ze zmianami na rynku pracy zwi\u0105zanymi z wahaniami aktywno\u015Bci\u0105 si\u0142y roboczej, likwidowaniem niekt\u00F3rych bran\u017C i powstawaniem nowych. Naturalna stopa bezrobocia w gospodarce rynkowej nigdy nie jest r\u00F3wna zero."@pl . . . . . . "\u81EA\u7136\u5931\u696D\u7387"@ja . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Natural rate of unemployment (NRU) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0446\u0456, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0412\u0412\u041F. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u043A: \u043F\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043C\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044C 4-5 % \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438."@uk . "Tasso naturale di disoccupazione"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il tasso naturale di disoccupazione \u00E8 un concetto economico sviluppato particolarmente da Milton Friedman e Edmund Phelps negli anni sessanta. Esso rappresenta l'ipotetico tasso di disoccupazione coerente con il livello potenziale della produzione aggregata. Questo \u00E8 il tasso di disoccupazione che l'economia raggiunge in assenza di frizioni temporanee come ad esempio un aggiustamento solo parziale dei prezzi nei mercati dei beni e del lavoro. Il tasso naturale di disoccupazione corrisponde quindi al tasso di disoccupazione che prevarrebbe secondo l'economia classica. Esso \u00E8 determinato prevalentemente dall'offerta aggregata, e quindi dalle possibilit\u00E0 di produzione e dalle istituzioni economiche. Se ci\u00F2 determina disallineamenti permanenti nel mercato del lavoro, oppure rigidit\u00E0 nei salari"@it . . . . . . "Natuurlijk werkloosheidspercentage"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062F\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u0641\u064A\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0643\u0644\u062A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062D\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629.\u0648\u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0644\u00BB. \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062A\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0638\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u064A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062B\u064E\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0628\u0627\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0645\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0648\u0631 \u0627"@ar . . "13595"^^ . "Die nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote (auch NRU, f\u00FCr englisch natural rate of unemployment, normale, strukturelle oder gleichgewichtige Arbeitslosenquote) ist eine \u00F6konomische Hypothese, die besagt, dass zu dem im gesamtwirtschaftlichen Gleichgewicht gegebenen Reallohn stets ein gewisses Unterbesch\u00E4ftigungsniveau besteht, welches aus Informationsm\u00E4ngeln, Mobilit\u00E4tshemmnissen, Anpassungskosten, demografischen Ver\u00E4nderungen, Zuf\u00E4lligkeiten und \u00E4hnlichen Marktunvollkommenheiten resultiert und sich auch kurzfristig nicht beseitigen l\u00E4sst. Die Arbeitslosenquote wird auf Grund der Marktunvollkommenheiten nicht auf Null fallen, sondern um ein Niveau pendeln, welches durch die Marktunvollkommenheiten bestimmt ist. Dieses Niveau ist die nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote. Sie ist eine langfristig vor allem durch ordnungs- und strukturpolitische Ma\u00DFnahmen beeinflussbare Gr\u00F6\u00DFe. Die nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote beschreibt innerhalb der Volkswirtschaftslehre eine, nach der Theorie von Milton Friedman f\u00FCr jede Volkswirtschaft spezifische Rate, die dem makro\u00F6konomischen Gleichgewicht entspricht, in welchem die erwartete der aktuellen Inflationsrate gleicht. Die nat\u00FCrliche Arbeitslosenquote kann auch als die Arbeitslosenquote verstanden werden, zu der die Wirtschaft auf mittlere Sicht immer wieder zur\u00FCckkehrt."@de . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Natural rate of unemployment (NRU) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0446\u0456, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0412\u0412\u041F. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u043A: \u043F\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043C\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044C 4-5 % \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438. \u0412\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u041C\u0456\u043B\u0442\u043E\u043D \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0434\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0434 \u0424\u0435\u043B\u043F\u0441 \u0443 1960-\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u041C. \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044F\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043E\u0447\u0456\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0456\u043D\u0444\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0457\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E. \u0421\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u044E \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0454 \u041A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0424\u0456\u043B\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0441\u0430."@uk . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062F\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u0641\u064A\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629.\u0648\u064A\u0646\u0628\u063A\u064A\u060C \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060C \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u062D\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629."@ar . . "\u81EA\u7136\u5931\u696D\u7387\uFF08\u3057\u305C\u3093\u3057\u3064\u304E\u3087\u3046\u308A\u3064\u3001\u82F1: Natural rate of unemployment\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u3005\u306E\u4E88\u60F3\u3059\u308B\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u7387\u3068\u5B9F\u969B\u306E\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EC\u7387\u306E\u4E56\u96E2\u304C\u306A\u304F\u306A\u308B\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u3001\u8CC3\u91D1\u304C\u5341\u5206\u306B\u4F38\u7E2E\u3057\u3066\u4FA1\u683C\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3088\u308A\u52B4\u50CD\u5E02\u5834\u306E\u9700\u7D66\u304C\u8ABF\u6574\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3001\u9577\u671F\u5747\u8861\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5931\u696D\u7387\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . "Il tasso naturale di disoccupazione \u00E8 un concetto economico sviluppato particolarmente da Milton Friedman e Edmund Phelps negli anni sessanta. Esso rappresenta l'ipotetico tasso di disoccupazione coerente con il livello potenziale della produzione aggregata. Questo \u00E8 il tasso di disoccupazione che l'economia raggiunge in assenza di frizioni temporanee come ad esempio un aggiustamento solo parziale dei prezzi nei mercati dei beni e del lavoro. Il tasso naturale di disoccupazione corrisponde quindi al tasso di disoccupazione che prevarrebbe secondo l'economia classica. Esso \u00E8 determinato prevalentemente dall'offerta aggregata, e quindi dalle possibilit\u00E0 di produzione e dalle istituzioni economiche. Se ci\u00F2 determina disallineamenti permanenti nel mercato del lavoro, oppure rigidit\u00E0 nei salari reali, allora il tasso naturale di disoccupazione pu\u00F2 rappresentare anche una disoccupazione involontaria, dovuto a persone che pur cercando un lavoro non riescono a trovarlo. Disturbi all'equilibrio del sistema economico (ad esempio, variazioni cicliche nell'ottimismo o pessimismo dei soggetti economici) fanno s\u00EC che la disoccupazione effettiva sia diversa da quella naturale, e sia determinata in parte da fattori di domanda aggregata secondo una visione keynesiana della determinazione del PIL. L'implicazione, dal punto di vista della politica economica, \u00E8 che il tasso naturale di disoccupazione non pu\u00F2 essere ridotto in modo permanente da politiche di controllo della domanda (inclusa la politica monetaria), mentre tali politiche possono giocare un ruolo nella stabilizzazione delle variazioni della disoccupazione effettiva.Una riduzione del tasso naturale di disoccupazione, secondo questa teoria, deve essere ottenuta attraverso politiche strutturali dirette al lato dell'offerta dell'economia."@it . "The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity. Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps, tackling this 'human' problem in the 1960s, both received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work, and the development of the concept is cited as a main motivation behind the prize. A simplistic summary of the concept is: 'The natural rate of unemployment, when an economy is in a steady state of \"full employment\", is the proportion of the workforce who are unemployed'. Put another way, this concept clarifies that the economic term \"full employment\" does not mean \"zero unemployment\". It represents the hypothetical unemployment rate consistent with aggregate production being at the \"long-run\" level. This level is consistent with aggregate production in the absence of various temporary frictions such as incomplete price adjustment in labor and goods markets. The natural rate of unemployment therefore corresponds to the unemployment rate prevailing under a classical view of determination of activity. The natural unemployment rate is mainly determined by the economy's supply side, and hence production possibilities and economic institutions. If these institutional features involve permanent mismatches in the labor market or real wage rigidities, the natural rate of unemployment may feature involuntary unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is a combination of frictional and structural unemployment that persists in an efficient, expanding economy when labor and resource markets are in equilibrium. Occurrence of disturbances (e.g., cyclical shifts in investment sentiments) will cause actual unemployment to continuously deviate from the natural rate, and be partly determined by aggregate demand factors as under a Keynesian view of output determination. The policy implication is that the natural rate of unemployment cannot permanently be reduced by demand management policies (including monetary policy), but that such policies can play a role in stabilizing variations in actual unemployment.Reductions in the natural rate of unemployment must, according to the concept, be achieved through structural policies directed towards an economy's supply side. According to multiple surveys, two-thirds to three-quarters of economists generally agree with the statement, \"There is a natural rate of unemployment to which the economy tends in the long run.\""@en . . . . . "\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629"@ar . "Taux de ch\u00F4mage naturel"@fr . "La tasa natural de desempleo representa el \u00EDndice de paro hipot\u00E9tico al que tender\u00EDa una econom\u00EDa a largo plazo.\u200B El concepto parte de la idea que el desempleo se equilibra usando las reglas de la oferta y la demanda, y no de forma aleatoria, lo que permite predecir el punto de equilibrio de la tasa de desempleo en una econom\u00EDa.\u200B De esto tambi\u00E9n se deduce que para reducir la tasa de paro a largo plazo solamente hay que aumentar la oferta de empleo.\u200B"@es . . . "\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B"@ru . . .