. "8240371"^^ . "\u9838\u8936\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aneck frill\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5728\u722C\u884C\u52D5\u7269\u9838\u90E8\u5468\u908A\u539A\u5BE6\u7684\u9AA8\u8CEA\u652F\u6490\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u7D50\u69CB\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u8A31\u591A\u52D5\u7269\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5982\u982D\u98FE\u9F8D\u985E\u7684\u786C\u8CEA\u9838\u8936\uFF0C\u6216\u5098\u8725\u8734\u7684\u8EDF\u9AA8\u8CEA\u9838\u8936\u3002 \u9838\u8936\u662F\u9802\u9AA8\u7684\u5EF6\u4F38\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u9019\u7A2E\u5EF6\u4F38\u90E8\u5206\u7531\u9C57\u72C0\u9AA8\u69CB\u6210\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u9084\u6703\u88AB\u8FB9\u7F18\u5448\u952F\u9F7F\u72B6\u7684\u9AA8\u7BC0\u6240\u74B0\u7E5E\u3002 \u57281900\u5E74\u4EE3\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u9838\u8936\u5728\u53E4\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u4E2D\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u7736\u4E0A\u76AE\u8936\uFF08 dermosupraoccipital \uFF09\u3002\u73B0\u5728\u5C06\u8BE5\u7279\u5F81\u79F0\u4E3A\u9802\u9C57\u9AA8\u8936\uFF08parietosquamosal frill\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u7269\u7A2E\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u4E09\u89D2\u9F99\u3001\u4E94\u89D2\u9F99\u3001\u5C16\u89D2\u9F99\u548C\u725B\u89D2\u9F8D\u4E2D\uFF0C\u9019\u4E00\u7D50\u69CB\u975E\u5E38\u5DE8\u5927\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u9888\u8936\u4E3B\u8981\u7531\u786C\u9AA8\u6784\u6210\uFF0C\u4F46\u6709\u4E9B\u7269\u7A2E\u7684\u9019\u4E00\u7D50\u69CB\u5374\u662F\u7531\u76AE\u80A4\u7D44\u6210\u7684\uFF0C\u5C31\u50CF\u4ECA\u5929\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A\u7684\u5098\u8725\u8734\u4E00\u6837\u3002\u9838\u8936\u5728\u6050\u9F8D\u4E2D\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\u5C1A\u6709\u722D\u8B70\u3002\u5B83\u53EF\u80FD\u7528\u4E8E\u6E29\u5EA6\u8C03\u8282\u3001\u9032\u884C\u9632\u5FA1\u3002\u6709\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u5728\u4E89\u593A\u9886\u571F\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6C7A\u9B25\u7684\u4E09\u89D2\u9F99\u5934\u90E8\u76F8\u649E\uFF0C\u9838\u8936\u53EF\u80FD\u88AB\u7528\u4F5C\u4E00\u79CD\u9632\u62A4\u7F69\uFF0C\u4FDD\u62A4\u52A8\u7269\u7684\u5176\u4F59\u90E8\u5206\u514D\u53D7\u4F24\u5BB3\u3002"@zh . "Collar ossi"@ca . . "\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u89D2\u7ADC\u985E\u306E\u5F8C\u982D\u90E8\u306B\u3042\u308B\u9AA8\u8CEA\u306E\u88C5\u98FE\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8A00\u3046\u3002\u30CD\u30C3\u30AF\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB (\u82F1\u8A9E: neck frill) \u3068\u3082\u547C\u3076\u3002\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u539A\u307F\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8EFD\u91CF\u5316\u306E\u70BA\u306B\u4E8C\u3064\u306E\u958B\u53E3\u90E8\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5468\u56F2\u306B\u306F\u30DB\u30FC\u30F3\u30EC\u30C3\u30C8\u304C\u5099\u308F\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u591A\u304F\u3001\u30BB\u30F3\u30C8\u30ED\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u4E9C\u79D1\u306F\u30AB\u30B9\u30E2\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u4E9C\u79D1\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u3001\u30DB\u30FC\u30F3\u30EC\u30C3\u30C8\u306B\u3088\u308B\u88C5\u98FE\u304C\u6D3E\u624B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u73FE\u751F\u306E\u30A8\u30EA\u30DE\u30AD\u30C8\u30AB\u30B2\u3082\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u88C5\u98FE\u3092\u3082\u3064\u304C\u3001\u89D2\u7ADC\u3068\u306F\u9055\u3044\u3001\u9AA8\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u8EDF\u9AA8\u3067\u652F\u6301\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 1900\u5E74\u4EE3\u521D\u982D\u3001\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u306F\u30C0\u30FC\u30E2\u30B9\u30FC\u30D7\u30E9\u30AA\u30B7\u30D4\u30BF\u30EB(dermosupraoccipital) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u53E4\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u5C02\u9580\u7528\u8A9E\u304C\u4E0E\u3048\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u30C8\u30EA\u30B1\u30E9\u30C8\u30D7\u30B9\u3084\u30C8\u30ED\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u3044\u304F\u3064\u304B\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3067\u306F\u975E\u5E38\u306B\u5927\u304D\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5F79\u5272\u306F\u8B0E\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u5358\u7D14\u306B\u9632\u885B\u6A5F\u69CB\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5916\u6575\u304B\u3089\u9996\u3092\u4FDD\u8B77\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u306E\u76FE\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u306E\u304B\u3082\u77E5\u308C\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u7A2E\u9593\u7AF6\u4E89\u3092\u3059\u308B\u89D2\u7ADC\u306F\u89D2\u3092\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u306B\u5411\u3051\u3066\u7A81\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u6226\u3044\u306B\u3088\u308B\u602A\u6211\u3092\u672A\u7136\u306B\u9632\u3050\u305F\u3081\u306B\u5F37\u3055\u3092\u8A87\u793A\u3059\u308B\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306B\u3001\u540C\u7A2E\u306E\u5224\u5225\u3001\u6027\u7684\u306A\u30C7\u30A3\u30B9\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u306B\u7528\u3044\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8AAC\u3082\u6709\u529B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4F53\u6E29\u8ABF\u7BC0\u306B\u4F7F\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u306A\u8AAC\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "A neck frill is the relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles with either a bony support such as those present on the skulls of dinosaurs of the suborder Marginocephalia or a cartilaginous one as in the frill-necked lizard. Numerous other animals of both modern and prehistoric times use both skin or bone protrusions to make themselves seem more threatening, attract mates or to thermoregulate. Examples of these are the usage of dewlaps and crests in lizards, dinosaurs and birds. The unusual red-fan parrot has a feathery neck frill which is used for display purposes."@en . . . "Un collar ossi \u00E9s una estructura \u00F2ssia present a la part posterior del cap de molts g\u00E8neres de dinosaures del subordre dels marginoc\u00E8fals. El collar ossi est\u00E0 constitu\u00EFt per l'os parietal allargat i flanquejat per un escat\u00F3s tamb\u00E9 allargat i, a vegades, envoltat per epoccipitals, que li donen un aspecte irregular. En alguns cerat\u00F2psids com el triceratop, pentaceratop i torosaure, l'extensi\u00F3 de l'os parietal \u00E9s molt llarga. L'\u00FAs del collar ossi en els dinosaures es desconeix en certa manera: podria haver estat emprat en la termoregulaci\u00F3 o com a mecanisme de defensa. Tanmateix, durant les lluites pel territori, els triceratops que competien impactaven els seus caps amb les seves allargades banyes i el collar ossi podria haver servit com a escut."@ca . "\u9838\u8936"@zh . . . "Kryza (zoologia)"@pl . "1113117493"^^ . . "Un collar ossi \u00E9s una estructura \u00F2ssia present a la part posterior del cap de molts g\u00E8neres de dinosaures del subordre dels marginoc\u00E8fals. El collar ossi est\u00E0 constitu\u00EFt per l'os parietal allargat i flanquejat per un escat\u00F3s tamb\u00E9 allargat i, a vegades, envoltat per epoccipitals, que li donen un aspecte irregular. En alguns cerat\u00F2psids com el triceratop, pentaceratop i torosaure, l'extensi\u00F3 de l'os parietal \u00E9s molt llarga."@ca . . . . . . "\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u89D2\u7ADC\u985E\u306E\u5F8C\u982D\u90E8\u306B\u3042\u308B\u9AA8\u8CEA\u306E\u88C5\u98FE\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8A00\u3046\u3002\u30CD\u30C3\u30AF\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB (\u82F1\u8A9E: neck frill) \u3068\u3082\u547C\u3076\u3002\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u539A\u307F\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8EFD\u91CF\u5316\u306E\u70BA\u306B\u4E8C\u3064\u306E\u958B\u53E3\u90E8\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5468\u56F2\u306B\u306F\u30DB\u30FC\u30F3\u30EC\u30C3\u30C8\u304C\u5099\u308F\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u591A\u304F\u3001\u30BB\u30F3\u30C8\u30ED\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u4E9C\u79D1\u306F\u30AB\u30B9\u30E2\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u4E9C\u79D1\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u3001\u30DB\u30FC\u30F3\u30EC\u30C3\u30C8\u306B\u3088\u308B\u88C5\u98FE\u304C\u6D3E\u624B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u73FE\u751F\u306E\u30A8\u30EA\u30DE\u30AD\u30C8\u30AB\u30B2\u3082\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u88C5\u98FE\u3092\u3082\u3064\u304C\u3001\u89D2\u7ADC\u3068\u306F\u9055\u3044\u3001\u9AA8\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u8EDF\u9AA8\u3067\u652F\u6301\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 1900\u5E74\u4EE3\u521D\u982D\u3001\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB\u306F\u30C0\u30FC\u30E2\u30B9\u30FC\u30D7\u30E9\u30AA\u30B7\u30D4\u30BF\u30EB(dermosupraoccipital) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u53E4\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u5C02\u9580\u7528\u8A9E\u304C\u4E0E\u3048\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u30C8\u30EA\u30B1\u30E9\u30C8\u30D7\u30B9\u3084\u30C8\u30ED\u30B5\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u3044\u304F\u3064\u304B\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3067\u306F\u975E\u5E38\u306B\u5927\u304D\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5F79\u5272\u306F\u8B0E\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u5358\u7D14\u306B\u9632\u885B\u6A5F\u69CB\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5916\u6575\u304B\u3089\u9996\u3092\u4FDD\u8B77\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u306E\u76FE\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u306E\u304B\u3082\u77E5\u308C\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u7A2E\u9593\u7AF6\u4E89\u3092\u3059\u308B\u89D2\u7ADC\u306F\u89D2\u3092\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u306B\u5411\u3051\u3066\u7A81\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u6226\u3044\u306B\u3088\u308B\u602A\u6211\u3092\u672A\u7136\u306B\u9632\u3050\u305F\u3081\u306B\u5F37\u3055\u3092\u8A87\u793A\u3059\u308B\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306B\u3001\u540C\u7A2E\u306E\u5224\u5225\u3001\u6027\u7684\u306A\u30C7\u30A3\u30B9\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u306B\u7528\u3044\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8AAC\u3082\u6709\u529B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4F53\u6E29\u8ABF\u7BC0\u306B\u4F7F\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u306A\u8AAC\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "L\u00EDmec je velmi \u0161irok\u00FD pojem ozna\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st hlavy plaz\u016F, a\u0165 u\u017E se jedn\u00E1 o kost\u011Bnou \u010D\u00E1st lebky jako u triceratopse, \u010Di chrupav\u010Ditou v\u00FDstuhu jako u agamy l\u00EDmcov\u00E9 (tam je zbytek tvo\u0159en k\u016F\u017E\u00ED). Technicky je l\u00EDmec prodlou\u017Een\u00EDm kosti temenn\u00ED, lemovan\u00FD . Vzhledem k tomu, \u017Ee agama l\u00EDmcov\u00E1 je australsk\u00FD endemit, jde o evolu\u010Dn\u011B velmi star\u00FD znak. Vyu\u017Eit\u00ED l\u00EDmce u dinosaur\u016F je nejist\u00E9, bu\u010Fto jde o termoregula\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9m nebo jednodu\u0161e o prvek obrann\u00FD (mechanicky). Triceratopsov\u00E9 nejsp\u00ED\u0161e s l\u00EDmci z\u00E1pasili. L\u00EDmec agamy l\u00EDmcov\u00E9 se v p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B nebezpe\u010D\u00ED um\u00ED rozt\u00E1hnout, tak\u017Ee vypad\u00E1 v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED. Krom\u011B t\u00E9to obrann\u00E9 funkce jde o sam\u010D\u00ED v\u00FDrazn\u00FD sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED pohlavn\u00ED znak."@cs . . . . "3710"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u9838\u8936\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aneck frill\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5728\u722C\u884C\u52D5\u7269\u9838\u90E8\u5468\u908A\u539A\u5BE6\u7684\u9AA8\u8CEA\u652F\u6490\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u7D50\u69CB\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u8A31\u591A\u52D5\u7269\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5982\u982D\u98FE\u9F8D\u985E\u7684\u786C\u8CEA\u9838\u8936\uFF0C\u6216\u5098\u8725\u8734\u7684\u8EDF\u9AA8\u8CEA\u9838\u8936\u3002 \u9838\u8936\u662F\u9802\u9AA8\u7684\u5EF6\u4F38\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u9019\u7A2E\u5EF6\u4F38\u90E8\u5206\u7531\u9C57\u72C0\u9AA8\u69CB\u6210\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u9084\u6703\u88AB\u8FB9\u7F18\u5448\u952F\u9F7F\u72B6\u7684\u9AA8\u7BC0\u6240\u74B0\u7E5E\u3002 \u57281900\u5E74\u4EE3\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u9838\u8936\u5728\u53E4\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u4E2D\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u7736\u4E0A\u76AE\u8936\uFF08 dermosupraoccipital \uFF09\u3002\u73B0\u5728\u5C06\u8BE5\u7279\u5F81\u79F0\u4E3A\u9802\u9C57\u9AA8\u8936\uFF08parietosquamosal frill\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u7269\u7A2E\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u4E09\u89D2\u9F99\u3001\u4E94\u89D2\u9F99\u3001\u5C16\u89D2\u9F99\u548C\u725B\u89D2\u9F8D\u4E2D\uFF0C\u9019\u4E00\u7D50\u69CB\u975E\u5E38\u5DE8\u5927\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u9888\u8936\u4E3B\u8981\u7531\u786C\u9AA8\u6784\u6210\uFF0C\u4F46\u6709\u4E9B\u7269\u7A2E\u7684\u9019\u4E00\u7D50\u69CB\u5374\u662F\u7531\u76AE\u80A4\u7D44\u6210\u7684\uFF0C\u5C31\u50CF\u4ECA\u5929\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A\u7684\u5098\u8725\u8734\u4E00\u6837\u3002\u9838\u8936\u5728\u6050\u9F8D\u4E2D\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\u5C1A\u6709\u722D\u8B70\u3002\u5B83\u53EF\u80FD\u7528\u4E8E\u6E29\u5EA6\u8C03\u8282\u3001\u9032\u884C\u9632\u5FA1\u3002\u6709\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u5728\u4E89\u593A\u9886\u571F\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6C7A\u9B25\u7684\u4E09\u89D2\u9F99\u5934\u90E8\u76F8\u649E\uFF0C\u9838\u8936\u53EF\u80FD\u88AB\u7528\u4F5C\u4E00\u79CD\u9632\u62A4\u7F69\uFF0C\u4FDD\u62A4\u52A8\u7269\u7684\u5176\u4F59\u90E8\u5206\u514D\u53D7\u4F24\u5BB3\u3002"@zh . . "A neck frill is the relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles with either a bony support such as those present on the skulls of dinosaurs of the suborder Marginocephalia or a cartilaginous one as in the frill-necked lizard. In technical terms, the bone-supported frill is composed of an enlarged parietal bone flanked by elongated squamosals and sometimes ringed by epoccipitals, bony knobs that gave the margin a jagged appearance. In the early 1900s, the parietal bone was known among paleontologists as the dermosupraoccipital. The feature is now referred to as the parietosquamosal frill. In some genera, such as Triceratops, Pentaceratops, Centrosaurus and Torosaurus, this extension is very large. Despite the neck frill predominantly being made of hard bone, some neck frills are made of skin, as is the case with the frill-necked lizard of today that resides in Australia. The use of the neck frill in dinosaurs is uncertain; it may have been used for thermoregulation or simply as a defense mechanism. Indeed, during battles for territory, competing Triceratops crashed heads together with their elongated horns and the neck frill may have been employed as a kind of shield, protecting the rest of the animal from harm. However, usage of the neck frill in modern reptiles is better documented. Two chief and disparate examples are the horned lizards (genus Phrynosoma) with a bony frill, and the frill-necked lizard (genus Chlamydosaurus) with a cartilaginous frill. The frill-necked lizard's frill is mainly made up of flaps of skin, which are usually coloured pink, supported by cartilaginous spines. Similar to the portrayal of the dinosaur Dilophosaurus in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park, and in Colin Trevorrow's Jurassic World Dominion,frill-necked lizard puff out these neck frills on either side of its head when threatened. The lizards often raise their frills when battling for territory or when coming into contact with another lizard, especially during mating season. There is, however, no evidence that suggests that Dilophosaurus had the same abilities, as many of its features in the Jurassic Park film were mostly fictional. Numerous other animals of both modern and prehistoric times use both skin or bone protrusions to make themselves seem more threatening, attract mates or to thermoregulate. Examples of these are the usage of dewlaps and crests in lizards, dinosaurs and birds. The unusual red-fan parrot has a feathery neck frill which is used for display purposes."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Kryza \u2013 wzgl\u0119dnie szeroki brzeg tylnej cz\u0119\u015Bci g\u0142owy gad\u00F3w. Mo\u017Ce posiada\u0107 szkielet kostny, jak u dinozaur\u00F3w z grupy marginocefali, czy te\u017C chrz\u0119stny, jak u agamy ko\u0142nierzastej, australijskiej jaszczurki, u kt\u00F3rej na rusztowaniu chrz\u0119stnym rozpo\u015Bcieraj\u0105 si\u0119 p\u0142aty sk\u00F3rne. Kryz\u0119 kostn\u0105 tworz\u0105 powi\u0119kszone ko\u015Bci ciemieniowe, wyd\u0142u\u017Cone ko\u015Bci \u0142uskowe po bokach, czasami okr\u0105\u017Cone przez ko\u015Bci epokcypitalne, guzowate ko\u015Bci nadaj\u0105ce brzegowi kryzy postrz\u0119piony wygl\u0105d. Na pocz\u0105tku pierwszej dekady XX wieku paleontolodzy okre\u015Blali ko\u015B\u0107 ciemieniow\u0105 mianem dermosupraoccipital. U niekt\u00F3rych rodzaj\u00F3w, jak triceratops, pentaceratops, torozaur czy centrozaur, by\u0142y one znacz\u0105co powi\u0119kszone. Nie wiadomo, do czego s\u0142u\u017Cy\u0142a dinozaurom kryza. By\u0107 mo\u017Ce bra\u0142a udzia\u0142 w termoregulacji lub s\u0142u\u017Cy\u0142a obronie. Podczas zmaga\u0144 o terytoria konkuruj\u0105ce triceratopsy zderza\u0142y si\u0119 g\u0142owami, wykorzystuj\u0105c swe d\u0142ugie rogi, i kryza kostna mog\u0142a s\u0142u\u017Cy\u0107 jako rodzaj tarczy, chroni\u0105cej reszt\u0119 cia\u0142a zwierz\u0119cia przed zranieniem. Lepiej udokumentowano u\u017Cycie os\u0142aniaj\u0105cych szyje struktur u wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnych gad\u00F3w. Dwa g\u0142\u00F3wne i odmienne przyk\u0142ady stanowi\u0105 jaszczurki z rodzaju Phrynosoma o kryzie kostnej oraz wspominana ju\u017C agama ko\u0142nierzasta z rodzaju Chlamydosaurus o kryzie chrz\u0119stnej. U tej ostatniej ko\u0142nierz buduj\u0105 g\u0142\u00F3wnie p\u0142aty sk\u00F3ry, zazwyczaj zabarwione na r\u00F3\u017Cowo, wsparte na kolcach chrz\u0119stnych. Agama potrafi w razie zagro\u017Cenia roz\u0142o\u017Cy\u0107 ko\u0142nierz, przez co wydaje si\u0119 wi\u0119ksza, ni\u017C jest w rzeczywisto\u015Bci. Rozk\u0142adany jest on cz\u0119sto w trakcie walki o terytorium. Podobnie do niej przedstawiono dilofozaura w filmie Spielberga Park Jurajski, jest to jednak czysta fikcja tw\u00F3rc\u00F3w filmu i nie ma jakichkolwiek przes\u0142anek potwierdzaj\u0105cych istnienie ko\u0142nierza u dilofozaura. Wiele innych zwierz\u0105t, wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnych i prehistorycznych, wykorzystuje sk\u00F3r\u0119 lub wypuk\u0142o\u015Bci kostne, by sprawia\u0107 wra\u017Cenie gro\u017Aniejszych, zrobi\u0107 wra\u017Cenie na p\u0142ci przeciwnej lub regulowa\u0107 temperatur\u0119 swego cia\u0142a. Jako przyk\u0142ady poda\u0107 mo\u017Cna rol\u0119 podgardla i grzebieni u jaszczurek, dinozaur\u00F3w i ptak\u00F3w."@pl . . . . "L\u00EDmec je velmi \u0161irok\u00FD pojem ozna\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st hlavy plaz\u016F, a\u0165 u\u017E se jedn\u00E1 o kost\u011Bnou \u010D\u00E1st lebky jako u triceratopse, \u010Di chrupav\u010Ditou v\u00FDstuhu jako u agamy l\u00EDmcov\u00E9 (tam je zbytek tvo\u0159en k\u016F\u017E\u00ED). Technicky je l\u00EDmec prodlou\u017Een\u00EDm kosti temenn\u00ED, lemovan\u00FD . Vzhledem k tomu, \u017Ee agama l\u00EDmcov\u00E1 je australsk\u00FD endemit, jde o evolu\u010Dn\u011B velmi star\u00FD znak. Vyu\u017Eit\u00ED l\u00EDmce u dinosaur\u016F je nejist\u00E9, bu\u010Fto jde o termoregula\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9m nebo jednodu\u0161e o prvek obrann\u00FD (mechanicky). Triceratopsov\u00E9 nejsp\u00ED\u0161e s l\u00EDmci z\u00E1pasili."@cs . . . . "Kryza \u2013 wzgl\u0119dnie szeroki brzeg tylnej cz\u0119\u015Bci g\u0142owy gad\u00F3w. Mo\u017Ce posiada\u0107 szkielet kostny, jak u dinozaur\u00F3w z grupy marginocefali, czy te\u017C chrz\u0119stny, jak u agamy ko\u0142nierzastej, australijskiej jaszczurki, u kt\u00F3rej na rusztowaniu chrz\u0119stnym rozpo\u015Bcieraj\u0105 si\u0119 p\u0142aty sk\u00F3rne. Kryz\u0119 kostn\u0105 tworz\u0105 powi\u0119kszone ko\u015Bci ciemieniowe, wyd\u0142u\u017Cone ko\u015Bci \u0142uskowe po bokach, czasami okr\u0105\u017Cone przez ko\u015Bci epokcypitalne, guzowate ko\u015Bci nadaj\u0105ce brzegowi kryzy postrz\u0119piony wygl\u0105d. Na pocz\u0105tku pierwszej dekady XX wieku paleontolodzy okre\u015Blali ko\u015B\u0107 ciemieniow\u0105 mianem dermosupraoccipital. U niekt\u00F3rych rodzaj\u00F3w, jak triceratops, pentaceratops, torozaur czy centrozaur, by\u0142y one znacz\u0105co powi\u0119kszone."@pl . . . . . . . . . "L\u00EDmec (org\u00E1n)"@cs . . . "\u30D5\u30EA\u30EB (\u52D5\u7269)"@ja . "Neck frill"@en . . . . .