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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u062A\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A."@ar . . . . . . . "\u0646\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062A\u0633"@ar . . "Nicholas Francis Robert Crafts CBE (born 9 March 1949 in Nottingham, England) is Professor of Economic History at the University of Sussex Business School, a post held from 2019. Previously he was Professor of Economics and Economic History at the University of Warwick, a post he held from 2005. Previously he was a Professor of Economic History at London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) between 1995-2005. He also teaches for the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program, an alliance of NYU Stern, the LSE and HEC School of Management. His main fields of interest are the British economy in the last 200 years, European economic growth, historical data on the British economy, the Industrial Revolution and international income distribution, especially with reference to the Human Develop"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nicholas Francis Robert Crafts, CBE, (n\u00E9 le 9 mars 1949 \u00E0 Nottingham, Angleterre) est professeur d'\u00E9conomie et d'histoire \u00E9conomique \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 de Warwick, un poste qu'il occupe depuis 2005. Auparavant, il \u00E9tait professeur d'histoire \u00E9conomique \u00E0 la London School of Economics and Political science (LSE) Entre 1995-2005. Il enseigne aussi pour le programme MBA TRIUM Executive mondial, une alliance de NYU Stern, LSE et HEC l'\u00C9cole de gestion. Ses principaux domaines d'int\u00E9r\u00EAt sont l'\u00E9conomie britannique au cours des 200 derni\u00E8res ann\u00E9es, la croissance \u00E9conomique europ\u00E9enne, les donn\u00E9es historiques sur l'\u00E9conomie britannique, la r\u00E9volution industrielle et la distribution des revenus internationaux, en particulier en r\u00E9f\u00E9rence \u00E0 l'indice de d\u00E9veloppement humain. corps, il a produit a des e"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nicholas Crafts"@en . . . . . . . . . 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"Nicholas Crafts"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nicholas Francis Robert Crafts, CBE, (n\u00E9 le 9 mars 1949 \u00E0 Nottingham, Angleterre) est professeur d'\u00E9conomie et d'histoire \u00E9conomique \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 de Warwick, un poste qu'il occupe depuis 2005. Auparavant, il \u00E9tait professeur d'histoire \u00E9conomique \u00E0 la London School of Economics and Political science (LSE) Entre 1995-2005. Il enseigne aussi pour le programme MBA TRIUM Executive mondial, une alliance de NYU Stern, LSE et HEC l'\u00C9cole de gestion. Ses principaux domaines d'int\u00E9r\u00EAt sont l'\u00E9conomie britannique au cours des 200 derni\u00E8res ann\u00E9es, la croissance \u00E9conomique europ\u00E9enne, les donn\u00E9es historiques sur l'\u00E9conomie britannique, la r\u00E9volution industrielle et la distribution des revenus internationaux, en particulier en r\u00E9f\u00E9rence \u00E0 l'indice de d\u00E9veloppement humain. corps, il a produit a des entreprises importantes de papiers pour des revues universitaires, le gouvernement britannique et les institutions internationales telles que le Fonds mon\u00E9taire international FMI. Au cours des ann\u00E9es 1980, l'artisanat a fait valoir que pendant la r\u00E9volution industrielle anormalement \u00E9lev\u00E9 (par rapport aux pays qui industrialis\u00E9s plus tard) de la proportion de l'\u00E9conomie britannique est venu \u00E0 \u00EAtre consacr\u00E9 \u00E0 l'industrie et le commerce international, et que l'\u00E9conomie britannique a toujours eu tendance \u00E0 cro\u00EEtre lentement. Lorsque la Grande-Bretagne a \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9pass\u00E9e par l'Allemagne et les \u00C9tats-Unis - les deux plus grands pays - \u00E0 la fin du XIXe si\u00E8cle, ce ne fut pas en raison d'une d\u00E9c\u00E9l\u00E9ration de la performance britannique."@fr . "Nicholas Francis Robert Crafts CBE (born 9 March 1949 in Nottingham, England) is Professor of Economic History at the University of Sussex Business School, a post held from 2019. Previously he was Professor of Economics and Economic History at the University of Warwick, a post he held from 2005. Previously he was a Professor of Economic History at London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) between 1995-2005. He also teaches for the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program, an alliance of NYU Stern, the LSE and HEC School of Management. His main fields of interest are the British economy in the last 200 years, European economic growth, historical data on the British economy, the Industrial Revolution and international income distribution, especially with reference to the Human Development Index. He has produced a substantial body of papers for academic journals, the British government and international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund. During the 1980s Crafts argued that during the Industrial Revolution an abnormally high (compared to countries which industrialised later) proportion of the British economy came to be devoted to industry and international trade, and that the British economy always tended to grow slowly. When Britain was overtaken by Germany and the USA - both larger countries - in the late nineteenth century, this was not because of any deceleration of British performance."@en . . . . . . "5630"^^ . . . . . "1069474782"^^ . . . .