"2014-11-15"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Resistencia no violenta"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "Bierny op\u00F3r (nauki polityczne)"@pl . . . . . . . . . "\uBB34\uC800\uD56D\uC8FC\uC758(\u7121\u62B5\u6297\u4E3B\u7FA9)\uB294 \uD3ED\uB825\uC744 \uC808\uB300\uC545\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD558\uC5EC \uC545\uACFC \uD3ED\uB825\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uD3ED\uB825\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uC800\uD56D\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBD80\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD3ED\uB825\uC800\uD56D\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C \uBB34\uC800\uD56D\uC8FC\uC758\uB77C\uB294 \uC5ED\uC5B4\uB294 \uD0C0\uB2F9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC758 \uAC00\uB974\uCE68\uC774\uB098 \uD1A8\uC2A4\uD1A0\uC774\u00B7\uAC04\uB514\uC758 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC774 \uADF8 \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u62B5\u6297\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ANonviolent resistance\uFF09\u6216\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u884C\u52D5\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Anonviolent action\uFF09\u662F\u901A\u904E\u8C61\u5FB5\u6027\u6297\u8B70\u3001\u516C\u6C11\u4E0D\u670D\u5F9E\u3001\u7D93\u6FDF\u6216\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u5408\u4F5C\u3001\u771F\u7406\u6C38\u6046\uFF08Satyagraha\uFF09\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u65B9\u6CD5\u5BE6\u73FE\u793E\u6703\u8B8A\u9769\u7B49\u76EE\u6A19\u7684\u505A\u6CD5\uFF0C\u540C\u6642\u662F\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u985E\u578B\u7684\u884C\u52D5\u7A81\u51FA\u4E86\u500B\u4EBA\u6216\u5718\u9AD4\u7684\u9858\u671B\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8B8A\u67D0\u4E9B\u4E8B\u60C5\u4EE5\u6539\u5584\u62B5\u6297\u8005\u6216\u5718\u9AD4\u7684\u7576\u524D\u72C0\u6CC1\u3002"@zh . . "Resistenza nonviolenta"@it . . . . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440 \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u0437\u043C, \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440, \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440, \u00AB\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u00BB, \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u00AB\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u00BB \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u060C \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064A\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u062A\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u064A\u0628\u0631\u0650\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u062C\u064A\u0646. \u062A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0641\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060C \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0646 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A- \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064A\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0648\u062C\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062F\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u062F\u0651\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064B\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064D \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A: (1) \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060C (2) \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0631\u063A\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060C (3) \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0633\u062A\u062A\u062E\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062F\u0647 \u0631\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060C \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A. \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0623\u064A\u064D\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062F\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0648\u062C\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060C \u0642\u062F \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0642\u0631\u0651\u060C \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u062F\u0631\u062C\u062A\u0647 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062F\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062E\u0631\u0637\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A. \u064A\u062C\u0627\u062F\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u064F\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0636\u062F \u0645\u0645\u062B\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064B \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062A\u0645\u0627 \u063A\u0627\u0646\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062D\u062A\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064A 2 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0641 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u063A\u0627\u0646\u062F\u064A. \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064A \u062F\u064A\u0641\u062F \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060C \u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0633\u062A\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0644\u060C \u062A\u064A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064A\u060C \u062A\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064A\u060C \u0644\u064A\u0648 \u062A\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u060C \u0623\u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062B\u0631 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u060C \u062F\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u064A\u063A\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u064A\u063A\u0627\u0646\u060C \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0644\u060C \u0641\u0627\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0644\u060C \u0623\u0646\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062E\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060C \u0644\u064A\u062E \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060C \u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060C \u0646\u064A\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0644\u0627\u060C \u062E\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0647 \u0631\u064A\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u062C\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0648\u062D\u062A\u0649 1999\u060C \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 50 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 67 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0623\u062F\u062A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060C \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062E\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0627. \u062A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u062D\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0623\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062F\u064D \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0624\u062B\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0644\u064D \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649. \u062A\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0648\u0651\u062C \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0644\u064E \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0645\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0643\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062B\u0644: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0632\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0645\u0627\u063A\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0632\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0633\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u060C \u0623\u063A\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063A\u0637\u060C \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0648\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062F\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0631\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062E. \u0642\u062F \u062A\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064A\u0629\u064D \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062A \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0641\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C. \u0623\u064F\u0646\u062C\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064C \u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064A\u0641\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0646\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u064A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A\u064A\u062C\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u064A\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . . . "\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Resist\u00E8ncia no-violenta"@ca . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0431\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0431\u0430, \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A, \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0431\u043E\u0439\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0441 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F (\u0441\u043C. \u043D\u0438\u0436\u0435 )."@ru . . . . . . . . "Perlawanan tanpa kekerasan adalah praktek mencapai tujuan seperti perubahan sosial melalui protes simbolik, pembangkangan sipil, non-kooperasi ekonomi atau politik, satyagraha, atau metode lainnya, tanpa menggunakan kekerasan. Jenis tindakan tersebut menyoroti keinginan seseorang atau kelompok yang merasa bahwa sesuatu hal dibutuhkan untuk mengubah kondisi saat ini dari orang atau kelompok yang memberontak. Istilah tersebut kebanyakan namun secara salah kaprah dianggap sebagai sinonim dari . Setiap istilah tersebut (\"pemberontakan non-kekerasan\" dan \"pemberontakan sipil\") memiliki arti berbeda dan juga konotasi dan komitmen berbeda."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La resistencia no violenta, lucha no violenta, desobediencia no violenta, acci\u00F3n no violenta, no violencia activa o resistencia pac\u00EDfica es una t\u00E1ctica de protesta relacionada con la desobediencia civil que propugna el logro de un cambio pol\u00EDtico, social y cultural sin necesidad del empleo de la violencia como arma pol\u00EDtica. En la pr\u00E1ctica utiliza protestas simb\u00F3licas y actos de no-cooperaci\u00F3n en las \u00E1reas pol\u00EDticas y econ\u00F3micas. En general, el concepto de la no violencia busca comportamientos que no son habituales en las maneras y costumbres de la poblaci\u00F3n. Consiste en provocar la atenci\u00F3n mediante la sorpresa.\u200B Es una forma de afirmar la disconformidad con una pr\u00E1ctica que se considera injusta y emplea actos de omisi\u00F3n (donde se rechaza realizar acciones socialmente aceptadas o de obligado cumplimiento por ley o normativa); actos de comisi\u00F3n (cuando, por el contrario, se realizan acciones contrarias a la costumbre o prohibidas); o una combinaci\u00F3n de ambos.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "December 2017"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122406559"^^ . . "Fredligt motst\u00E5nd (engelska: non-violent resistance) \u00E4r ett s\u00E4tt att skapa samh\u00E4llelig f\u00F6r\u00E4ndring utan att anv\u00E4nda v\u00E5ld. Bland k\u00E4nda f\u00F6respr\u00E5kare finns eller har funnits Mahatma Gandhi (se satyagraha), Leo Tolstoj, Andrei Sacharov, Martin Luther King, V\u00E1clav Havel, Aung San Suu Kyi och Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Det anammar icke-v\u00E5ld-principen."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pasivn\u00ED rezistence (neboli pasivn\u00ED odpor) je politick\u00FD term\u00EDn vyjad\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00ED zp\u016Fsob obrany zvolen\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F bez pou\u017Eit\u00ED zbran\u00ED. K dosa\u017Een\u00ED vyt\u010Den\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F se tak pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pasivn\u00ED forma odporu, mezi kterou se \u0159ad\u00ED st\u00E1vky, bojkot, odm\u00EDt\u00E1n\u00ED spolupr\u00E1ce \u010Di omezen\u00ED pr\u00E1ce na nejni\u017E\u0161\u00ED mo\u017Enou m\u00EDru. C\u00EDl agrese m\u00E1 pak b\u00FDt pro \u00FAto\u010Dn\u00EDka tak neatraktivn\u00ED, \u017Ee se agresor vzd\u00E1, nebo ji\u017E obsazen\u00E9 \u00FAzem\u00ED opust\u00ED, nebo\u0165 n\u00E1klady na \u00FAdr\u017Ebu tohoto \u00FAzem\u00ED jsou vysok\u00E9. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDpady pasivn\u00ED rezistence pat\u0159\u00ED t\u00E9\u017E pomal\u00E1 pr\u00E1ce nebo p\u0159esn\u00E9 dodr\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159edpis\u016F."@cs . . . "Als gewaltfreie Aktion (GA, englisch nonviolent action) werden alle politischen oder sozialen Widerstands- und Auseinandersetzungsformen bezeichnet, die bewusst auf Gewalt gegen andere Menschen verzichten. Gene Sharp hat die Methoden der GA in folgende Untergruppen klassifiziert: \n* gewaltfreier Protest und \u00DCberzeugung \n* soziale Nichtzusammenarbeit \n* Boykottaktionen \n* Streikaktionen \n* politische Nichtzusammenarbeit \n* gewaltfreie Intervention"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "Neperforta rezisto"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta (ou a\u00E7\u00E3o n\u00E3o violenta) \u00E9 a pr\u00E1tica de exercer uma for\u00E7a para atingir uma meta sociopol\u00EDtica atrav\u00E9s de um protesto simb\u00F3lico, de n\u00E3o coopera\u00E7\u00E3o econ\u00F4mica ou pol\u00EDtica, desobedi\u00EAncia civil e outros m\u00E9todos, sem o uso da viol\u00EAncia. A Resist\u00EAncia Passiva \u00E9 uma variedade de resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta, e \u00E9 um termo usado \u00E0s vezes de forma imprecisa como sin\u00F4nimo da mesma. Isto implica a resist\u00EAncia por in\u00E9rcia ou de conformidade n\u00E3o en\u00E9rgica, como oposi\u00E7\u00E3o por resist\u00EAncia por atividade de antagonismo."@pt . . . . . . . . "19698044"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Perlawanan tanpa kekerasan adalah praktek mencapai tujuan seperti perubahan sosial melalui protes simbolik, pembangkangan sipil, non-kooperasi ekonomi atau politik, satyagraha, atau metode lainnya, tanpa menggunakan kekerasan. Jenis tindakan tersebut menyoroti keinginan seseorang atau kelompok yang merasa bahwa sesuatu hal dibutuhkan untuk mengubah kondisi saat ini dari orang atau kelompok yang memberontak. Istilah tersebut kebanyakan namun secara salah kaprah dianggap sebagai sinonim dari . Setiap istilah tersebut (\"pemberontakan non-kekerasan\" dan \"pemberontakan sipil\") memiliki arti berbeda dan juga konotasi dan komitmen berbeda. Bentuk modern dari pemberontakan non-kekerasan dipopulerkan dan diterapkan oleh pemimpin India Mahatma Gandhi dalam upayanya untuk meraih kemerdekaan dari Kekaisaran Britania. Advokat-advokat pemberontakan non-kekerasan terkenal meliputi Mahatma Gandhi, Henry David Thoreau, , , , , Leo Tolstoy, Alice Paul, Martin Luther King, Jr, , V\u00E1clav Havel, Andrei Sakharov, dan Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Terdapat ratusan buku dan makalah tentang subyek tersebut \u2014 lihat di bawah. Dari 1966 sampai 1999, pemberontakan non-kekerasan memainkan peran penting dalam 50 dari 67 peralihan dari otoritarianisme. Saat ini, pemberontakan non-kekerasan berujung pada Revolusi Mawar di Georgia dan Revolusi Jingga di Ukraina. Pemberontakan non-kekerasan saat ini meliputi di Belarus, , dan perjuangan dari para .Beberapa gerakan yang mempromosikan filsafat atau pasifisme secara pragmatis mengadopsi metode-metode non-kekerasan sebagai cara efektif untuk meraih tujuan sosial atau politik. Mereka melakukan taktik-taktik pemberontakan seperti: , , , , menyebarkan selebaran, samizdat, , satyagraha, , musik dan puisi protes, pendidikan komunitas dan , , pemberontakan pajak, pembangkangan sipil, pemboikotan atau sanksi, pergulatan hukum/diplomatik, , menolak penghargaan/penghormatan, dan . Aksi non-kekerasan berbeda dari pasifisme menurut potensi proaktif dan intervensionis. Tujuan besar dari pengerjaan tersebut ditujukan kepada faktor-faktor yang berujung pada mobilisasi kekerasan, namun kurangnya perhatian telah terbayar untuk pemahaman kenapa persengketaan menjadi kekerasan atau non-kekerasan, dengan membandingkan keduanya sebagai pilihan yang relatif strategis untuk politik konvensional."@in . . "\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u62B5\u6297\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ANonviolent resistance\uFF09\u6216\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u884C\u52D5\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Anonviolent action\uFF09\u662F\u901A\u904E\u8C61\u5FB5\u6027\u6297\u8B70\u3001\u516C\u6C11\u4E0D\u670D\u5F9E\u3001\u7D93\u6FDF\u6216\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u5408\u4F5C\u3001\u771F\u7406\u6C38\u6046\uFF08Satyagraha\uFF09\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u65B9\u6CD5\u5BE6\u73FE\u793E\u6703\u8B8A\u9769\u7B49\u76EE\u6A19\u7684\u505A\u6CD5\uFF0C\u540C\u6642\u662F\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u985E\u578B\u7684\u884C\u52D5\u7A81\u51FA\u4E86\u500B\u4EBA\u6216\u5718\u9AD4\u7684\u9858\u671B\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8B8A\u67D0\u4E9B\u4E8B\u60C5\u4EE5\u6539\u5584\u62B5\u6297\u8005\u6216\u5718\u9AD4\u7684\u7576\u524D\u72C0\u6CC1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "Fredligt motst\u00E5nd (engelska: non-violent resistance) \u00E4r ett s\u00E4tt att skapa samh\u00E4llelig f\u00F6r\u00E4ndring utan att anv\u00E4nda v\u00E5ld. Bland k\u00E4nda f\u00F6respr\u00E5kare finns eller har funnits Mahatma Gandhi (se satyagraha), Leo Tolstoj, Andrei Sacharov, Martin Luther King, V\u00E1clav Havel, Aung San Suu Kyi och Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Det anammar icke-v\u00E5ld-principen."@sv . "Bierny op\u00F3r \u2013 sprzeciw bez u\u017Cywania si\u0142y fizycznej lub bez wi\u0119kszej aktywno\u015Bci. Poj\u0119cie to jest zwi\u0105zane z obywatelskim niepos\u0142usze\u0144stwem i niekiedy bywa u\u017Cywane zamiennie. Za jego tw\u00F3rc\u0119 uznaje si\u0119 Mahatm\u0119 Gandhiego, kt\u00F3ry zach\u0119ca\u0142 swoich rodak\u00F3w, by w ten spos\u00F3b przeciwstawiali si\u0119 brytyjskim w\u0142adzom kolonialnym w Indiach. Wed\u0142ug Gandhiego \u201Ebierny op\u00F3r powsta\u0142 jako bro\u0144 ludzi s\u0142abych; nie wy\u0142\u0105cza on mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci, \u017Ce dla osi\u0105gni\u0119cia celu u\u017Cyj\u0105 fizycznej przemocy\u201D. Stworzona przez niego filozofia walki bez u\u017Cycia przemocy znana jest tak\u017Ce pod sanskryck\u0105 nazw\u0105 \u0938\u0924\u094D\u092F\u093E\u0917\u094D\u0930\u0939 (saty\u0101graha). Ma ona swoje \u017Ar\u00F3d\u0142o w ahinsie, wyst\u0119puj\u0105cej w indyjskich religiach zasadzie nieszkodzenia nikomu. Bierny op\u00F3r propagowa\u0142 tak\u017Ce Amerykanin Martin Luther King. W Polsce lat 80. XX wieku by\u0142 stosowany m.in. przez Ruch Wolno\u015B\u0107 i Pok\u00F3j. Najcz\u0119\u015Bciej stosowan\u0105 technik\u0105 biernego oporu wobec si\u0142 porz\u0105dkowych jest po\u0142o\u017Cenie si\u0119 na ziemi. Wi\u0119ksze grupy manifestant\u00F3w tak\u017Ce siadaj\u0105, chwytaj\u0105c si\u0119 za skrzy\u017Cowane r\u0119ce i przytrzymuj\u0105c si\u0119 wzajemnie. Przykucie si\u0119 kajdankami do por\u0119czy czy latarni te\u017C jest uwa\u017Cane za technik\u0119 biernego oporu. Takie formy biernego oporu cz\u0119sto stosuj\u0105 aktywi\u015Bci ruch\u00F3w ekologicznych, np. Greenpeace albo Extinction Rebellion. Specyficzn\u0105 form\u0105 biernego oporu instytucjonalnego jest strajk w\u0142oski lub obstrukcja urz\u0119dowa, stosowana niekiedy przez jednostki administracji publicznej w celu utrudnienia lub op\u00F3\u017Anienia egzekucji niekorzystnych dla nich wyrok\u00F3w s\u0105d\u00F3w."@pl . . "Nonviolent resistance (NVR), or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group."@en . "Resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta"@pt . . . . . . . "R\u00E9sistance non violente"@fr . . . . . . . "Bierny op\u00F3r \u2013 sprzeciw bez u\u017Cywania si\u0142y fizycznej lub bez wi\u0119kszej aktywno\u015Bci. Poj\u0119cie to jest zwi\u0105zane z obywatelskim niepos\u0142usze\u0144stwem i niekiedy bywa u\u017Cywane zamiennie. Za jego tw\u00F3rc\u0119 uznaje si\u0119 Mahatm\u0119 Gandhiego, kt\u00F3ry zach\u0119ca\u0142 swoich rodak\u00F3w, by w ten spos\u00F3b przeciwstawiali si\u0119 brytyjskim w\u0142adzom kolonialnym w Indiach. Specyficzn\u0105 form\u0105 biernego oporu instytucjonalnego jest strajk w\u0142oski lub obstrukcja urz\u0119dowa, stosowana niekiedy przez jednostki administracji publicznej w celu utrudnienia lub op\u00F3\u017Anienia egzekucji niekorzystnych dla nich wyrok\u00F3w s\u0105d\u00F3w."@pl . . . . "La resistenza non-violenta (o azione non-violenta) \u00E8 una pratica per raggiungere degli obiettivi per mezzo di proteste simboliche, disobbedienza civile, non-cooperazione economica o politica, e altri metodi, senza l'uso della violenza. \u00C8 diffusamente assimilata alla resistenza civile (Nonuccidere), sebbene i due concetti abbiano meriti distinti e connotazioni leggermente differenti. La forma moderna di resistenza nonviolenta \u00E8 stata resa popolare, nonch\u00E9 collaudata per la sua efficacia, dal leader indiano Gandhi nei suoi sforzi per ottenere l'indipendenza dagli inglesi."@it . . . . . . . "\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0645\u062D \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062F\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u062D\u062F\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062E\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0623\u064A: \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062A\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0633\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631 \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064A\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u0648\u0639\u064A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062C\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0639\u0632\u064A\u0632 \u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0645."@ar . . . . . . "\u975E\u66B4\u529B\u62B5\u6297"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440"@uk . . . . . "71678"^^ . . . . . "La resistenza non-violenta (o azione non-violenta) \u00E8 una pratica per raggiungere degli obiettivi per mezzo di proteste simboliche, disobbedienza civile, non-cooperazione economica o politica, e altri metodi, senza l'uso della violenza. \u00C8 diffusamente assimilata alla resistenza civile (Nonuccidere), sebbene i due concetti abbiano meriti distinti e connotazioni leggermente differenti. La forma moderna di resistenza nonviolenta \u00E8 stata resa popolare, nonch\u00E9 collaudata per la sua efficacia, dal leader indiano Gandhi nei suoi sforzi per ottenere l'indipendenza dagli inglesi. Tra i sostenitori della resistenza nonviolenta, occorre menzionare Lev Tolstoj, Henry David Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, Andrej Sacharov, Martin Luther King, V\u00E1clav Havel, Gene Sharp e Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Nel 2006 la biologa evoluzionista ha presentato un metodo per abolire la guerra fondato sulla resistenza nonviolenta. Secondo l'organizzazione Freedom House, dal 1966 al 1999 la resistenza civile nonviolenta ha giocato un ruolo chiave nel guidare 50 casi (su 67) di transizione politica da stati autoritari. Recentemente, la resistenza nonviolenta ha caratterizzato la Rivoluzione delle rose in Georgia (2003), la Rivoluzione arancione in Ucraina (2004-2005), la Rivoluzione dei Jeans in Bielorussia (2006), la Rivoluzione dei gelsomini in Tunisia (2010-2011) e la lotta dei dissidenti cubani. Una dimostrante offre un fiore a un poliziotto durante una protesta contro la Guerra del Vietnam (Contea di Arlington, 21 ottobre 1967) Molti movimenti che promuovono la filosofia nonviolenta o quella pacifista hanno adottato dei metodi d'azione nonviolenta per perseguire efficacemente obiettivi sociali o politici. Tali movimenti impiegano tattiche di resistenza nonviolenta come: guerra dell'informazione, picchettaggi, veglie, volantinaggi, samizdat, , satyagraha, arte di protesta, canzoni e poesia di protesta, educazione comunitaria e autocoscienza femminista, gruppi di pressione, resistenza fiscale, disobbedienza civile, boicottaggi e Sanzione economica, sabotaggi, Underground Railroad, rifiuto di premi/riconoscimenti, scioperi e digiuni. L'azione nonviolenta si discosta dal pacifismo poich\u00E9 essa \u00E8 potenzialmente proattiva e interventista, e nasce da un rifiuto radicale della violenza."@it . . "Nonviolent resistance (NVR), or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group. Nonviolent resistance is often but wrongly taken as synonymous with civil disobedience. Each of these terms\u2014nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience\u2014has different connotations and commitments. Berel Lang argues against the conflation of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience on the grounds that the necessary conditions for an act instancing civil disobedience are: (1) that the act violates the law, (2) that the act is performed intentionally, and (3) that the actor anticipates and willingly accepts punitive measures made on the part of the state against him in retaliation for the act. Since acts of nonviolent political resistance need not satisfy any of these criteria, Lang argues that the two categories of action cannot be identified with one another. Furthermore, civil disobedience is a form of political action which necessarily aims at reform, rather than revolution. Its efforts are typically directed at the disputing of particular laws or groups of laws while conceding the authority of the government responsible for them. In contrast, political acts of nonviolent resistance can have revolutionary ends. According to Lang, civil disobedience need not be nonviolent, although the extent and intensity of the violence is limited by the non-revolutionary intentions of the persons engaging in civil disobedience. Lang argues the violent resistance by citizens being forcibly relocated to detentions, short of the use of lethal violence against representatives of the state, could plausibly count as civil disobedience but could not count as nonviolent resistance. Mahatma Gandhi is the most popular figure related to this type of protest; United Nations celebrates Gandhi's birthday, October 2, as the International Day of Non-Violence. Other prominent advocates include Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (affectionately called Bacha Khan),Henry David Thoreau, Etienne de la Bo\u00E9tie, Charles Stewart Parnell, Te Whiti o Rongomai, Tohu K\u0101kahi, Leo Tolstoy, Alice Paul, Martin Luther King Jr., Daniel Berrigan, Philip Berrigan, James Bevel, V\u00E1clav Havel, Andrei Sakharov, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa, Gene Sharp, Nelson Mandela, Jose Rizal, and many others. From 1966 to 1999, nonviolent civic resistance played a critical role in fifty of sixty-seven transitions from authoritarianism. The \"Singing revolution\" (1989\u20131991) in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lead to the three Baltic countries' restoration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Recently, nonviolent resistance has led to the Rose Revolution in Georgia. Research shows that non-violent campaigns diffuse spatially. Information on non-violent resistance in one country could significantly affect non-violent activism in other countries. Many movements which promote philosophies of nonviolence or pacifism have pragmatically adopted the methods of nonviolent action as an effective way to achieve social or political goals. They employ nonviolent resistance tactics such as: information warfare, picketing, marches, vigils, leafletting, samizdat, magnitizdat, satyagraha, protest art, protest music and poetry, community education and consciousness raising, lobbying, tax resistance, civil disobedience, boycotts or sanctions, legal/diplomatic wrestling, Underground Railroads, principled refusal of awards/honors, and general strikes. Current nonviolent resistance movements include: the Jeans Revolution in Belarus, the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States, the fight of the Cuban dissidents, and internationally the Extinction Rebellion and School strike for climate. Although nonviolent movements can maintain broader public legitimacy by refraining from violence, some segments of society may perceive protest movements as being more violent than they really are when they disagree with the social goals of the movement. A great deal of work has addressed the factors that lead to violent mobilization, but less attention has been paid to understanding why disputes become violent or nonviolent, comparing these two as strategic choices relative to conventional politics."@en . . . . . "\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0645\u062D \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062F\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u062D\u062F\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062E\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0623\u064A: \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062A\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0633\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631 \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064A\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u0648\u0639\u064A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062C\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0639\u0632\u064A\u0632 \u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0642\u062F \u0634\u0627\u0639\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D \u062D\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u063A\u0627\u0646\u062F\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062B\u0631 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629.\u0648\u062A\u062C\u062F\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0644\u062A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0636\u062F \u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pasivn\u00ED rezistence (neboli pasivn\u00ED odpor) je politick\u00FD term\u00EDn vyjad\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00ED zp\u016Fsob obrany zvolen\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F bez pou\u017Eit\u00ED zbran\u00ED. K dosa\u017Een\u00ED vyt\u010Den\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F se tak pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pasivn\u00ED forma odporu, mezi kterou se \u0159ad\u00ED st\u00E1vky, bojkot, odm\u00EDt\u00E1n\u00ED spolupr\u00E1ce \u010Di omezen\u00ED pr\u00E1ce na nejni\u017E\u0161\u00ED mo\u017Enou m\u00EDru. C\u00EDl agrese m\u00E1 pak b\u00FDt pro \u00FAto\u010Dn\u00EDka tak neatraktivn\u00ED, \u017Ee se agresor vzd\u00E1, nebo ji\u017E obsazen\u00E9 \u00FAzem\u00ED opust\u00ED, nebo\u0165 n\u00E1klady na \u00FAdr\u017Ebu tohoto \u00FAzem\u00ED jsou vysok\u00E9. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDpady pasivn\u00ED rezistence pat\u0159\u00ED t\u00E9\u017E pomal\u00E1 pr\u00E1ce nebo p\u0159esn\u00E9 dodr\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159edpis\u016F."@cs . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440 \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u0437\u043C, \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440, \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0440, \u00AB\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u00BB, \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u00AB\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u00BB \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456."@uk . "\uBB34\uC800\uD56D\uC8FC\uC758(\u7121\u62B5\u6297\u4E3B\u7FA9)\uB294 \uD3ED\uB825\uC744 \uC808\uB300\uC545\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD558\uC5EC \uC545\uACFC \uD3ED\uB825\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uD3ED\uB825\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uC800\uD56D\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBD80\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD3ED\uB825\uC800\uD56D\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C \uBB34\uC800\uD56D\uC8FC\uC758\uB77C\uB294 \uC5ED\uC5B4\uB294 \uD0C0\uB2F9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC758 \uAC00\uB974\uCE68\uC774\uB098 \uD1A8\uC2A4\uD1A0\uC774\u00B7\uAC04\uB514\uC758 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC774 \uADF8 \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Fredligt motst\u00E5nd"@sv . . . "Resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta (ou a\u00E7\u00E3o n\u00E3o violenta) \u00E9 a pr\u00E1tica de exercer uma for\u00E7a para atingir uma meta sociopol\u00EDtica atrav\u00E9s de um protesto simb\u00F3lico, de n\u00E3o coopera\u00E7\u00E3o econ\u00F4mica ou pol\u00EDtica, desobedi\u00EAncia civil e outros m\u00E9todos, sem o uso da viol\u00EAncia. A Resist\u00EAncia Passiva \u00E9 uma variedade de resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta, e \u00E9 um termo usado \u00E0s vezes de forma imprecisa como sin\u00F4nimo da mesma. Isto implica a resist\u00EAncia por in\u00E9rcia ou de conformidade n\u00E3o en\u00E9rgica, como oposi\u00E7\u00E3o por resist\u00EAncia por atividade de antagonismo. Satyagraha \u00E9 o nome indiano atribu\u00EDdo ao m\u00E9todo de resist\u00EAncia n\u00E3o violenta desenvolvido por Mahatma Gandhi, que levou \u00E0 Independ\u00EAncia da \u00CDndia. Modelos ocidentais influenciaram o m\u00E9todo de Gandhi, podendo nomear-se o ensaio sobre a desobedi\u00EAncia civil de David Thoreau, um opositor da escravatura nos EUA. Satyagraha consubstancia-se em valores \u00E9ticos, significando \"satya\" amor e firmeza e \"agraha\" a for\u00E7a que dali adv\u00E9m (Arp S., 2011). \u00C9 um m\u00E9todo ativo, n\u00E3o se confundindo com a resist\u00EAncia passiva. Contudo, n\u00E3o deveria causar sofrimento ao advers\u00E1rio. Satyagraha, m\u00E9todo de n\u00E3o viol\u00EAncia desenvolvido por Gandhi \u00E9 \u00ABuma arma inestim\u00E1vel e incompar\u00E1vel de que disp\u00F5em apenas aqueles que n\u00E3o t\u00EAm medo, seja das suas posses, da falsa honra, da fam\u00EDlia, do governo, de danos corporais ou da morte\u00BB (id., p. 42). Seu m\u00E9todo e modelo de conduta, carism\u00E1tico, influenciou as campanhas de n\u00E3o viol\u00EAncia na luta dos direitos civis nos EUA, tendo Martin Luther King Jr. estudado o m\u00E9todo de Gandhi. Como outras estrat\u00E9gias de mudan\u00E7a social, a\u00E7\u00F5es de n\u00E3o viol\u00EAncia podem surgir de diversos modos e graus. Podem incluir, por exemplo, uma variedade de formas como a , protesto art\u00EDstico, l\u00F3bi, , boicotes ou san\u00E7\u00F5es, combate legal/diplom\u00E1tico, sabotagem de materiais e equipamentos, etc. Alguns especialistas em n\u00E3o viol\u00EAncia discutem que muitos movimentos adotaram m\u00E9todos de a\u00E7\u00E3o n\u00E3o violenta pragm\u00E1ticos como uma maneira eficaz conseguir objetivos sociais ou pol\u00EDticos, distinguindo os m\u00E9todos da a\u00E7\u00E3o n\u00E3o violenta daqueles de est\u00E2ncia moral da n\u00E3o viol\u00EAncia ou dos outros de n\u00E3o dano."@pt . . . . . . . "Neperforta rezisto, neperforta lukto, neperforta malobeo, neperforta agado, neperforta aktiveco a\u016D pacema rezistado estas taktiko de rilata kun la civila malobeo kiu celas la sukceson de politika, socia kaj kultura \u015Dan\u011Do sen neceso uzi perforton kiel politika armilo. En la praktiko uzas simbolajn protestojn kaj agojn de ne-kunlaborado en politikaj kaj ekonomiaj areoj. \u011Cenerale, la koncepto de neperforto celas kondutojn nekutimajn en la vivmanieroj kaj moroj de la lo\u011Dantaro. \u011Ci konsistas en provoko de atentaltiro pere de surprizo. Estas maniero plifirmigi la malkonsenton pere de praktiko, kiu estas konsiderata eksterle\u011Da kaj uzas agojn de neago (oni malakceptas realigi agadojn socie akceptitaj a\u016D devigaj pro le\u011Do a\u016D regularo); agojn de rekta agado (male oni faras agadojn kontra\u016D la kutimo a\u016D rekte malpermesitajn); a\u016D kombinon de amba\u016D."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indarkeria-ez aktiboa, indarkeriarik ez aktiboa, ekintza indarkeriagabea edo erresistentzia pasiboa desobedientzia zibilari lotutako protesta estrategia bat da. Aktibismo honen bitartez, indarkeria erabili gabe, aldaketa politiko edo soziala lortu nahi da. Protesta sinbolikoak eginez edo boterearen prozesuak oztopatuz gauzatzen da. Euskal Herrian, horrelako estrategiak aurrera eraman dituzten talde asko izan ditugu. Ospetsuena, ziur aski, Ipar Euskal Herriko demoak. Gaur egun bereziki ezaguna da elkartea."@eu . . . . . "Indarkeria-ez aktiboa, indarkeriarik ez aktiboa, ekintza indarkeriagabea edo erresistentzia pasiboa desobedientzia zibilari lotutako protesta estrategia bat da. Aktibismo honen bitartez, indarkeria erabili gabe, aldaketa politiko edo soziala lortu nahi da. Protesta sinbolikoak eginez edo boterearen prozesuak oztopatuz gauzatzen da. Euskal Herrian, horrelako estrategiak aurrera eraman dituzten talde asko izan ditugu. Ospetsuena, ziur aski, Ipar Euskal Herriko demoak. Gaur egun bereziki ezaguna da elkartea."@eu . . . . . . "La r\u00E9sistance non violente ou action non violente ou r\u00E9sistance passive est l'utilisation du pouvoir de la non-violence pour accomplir des objectifs socio-politiques au travers de protestations symboliques, de non-coop\u00E9ration \u00E9conomique ou politique, de d\u00E9sob\u00E9issance civile ou d'autres m\u00E9thodes. Cette pratique peut impliquer une r\u00E9sistance par inertie, oppos\u00E9e \u00E0 un antagonisme actif. Les formes de la r\u00E9sistance non violente sont extr\u00EAmement vari\u00E9es. Elles incluent par exemple la guerre de l'information (de l'\u00E9dition de tracts \u00E0 celle de journaux), l'art protestataire (graphique, musique, po\u00E9sie), le lobbying pour impliquer la communaut\u00E9, la r\u00E9sistance fiscale, le boycott, la lutte via la diplomatie, le sabotage mat\u00E9riel ne mettant pas en danger la sant\u00E9 d'autrui, le chemin de fer clandestin, le refus de r\u00E9compense ou honneurs, la gr\u00E8ve et le piquet de gr\u00E8ve non violents et/ou la gr\u00E8ve g\u00E9n\u00E9rale. Parmi les th\u00E9oriciens de la r\u00E9sistance non violente figurent les Am\u00E9ricains Richard Gregg et Gene Sharp, Martin Luther King, l'Anglais (en), l'Allemand (de) et les Fran\u00E7ais Jean-Marie Muller et Jacques S\u00E9melin."@fr . "La resist\u00E8ncia no-violenta \u00E9s la pr\u00E0ctica sociopol\u00EDtica d'aconseguir els objectius a trav\u00E9s de protestes simb\u00F2liques, la desobedi\u00E8ncia civil, la no cooperaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica i pol\u00EDtica i altres m\u00E8todes sense fer \u00FAs de la viol\u00E8ncia, habitualment sota l'esperit de la no-viol\u00E8ncia. S'origina de l'experi\u00E8ncia del moviment d'independ\u00E8ncia de l'\u00CDndia i els ensenyaments de Gandhi (que ell designava satyagraha) que al seu torn es va inspirar en Lev Tolstoi, Henry David Thoreau i Percy Bysshe Shelley (tot i que a aquest \u00FAltim, Gandhi no el menciona). Les formes de la resist\u00E8ncia no violenta s\u00F3n molt variades, inclouen per exemple la guerra d'informaci\u00F3 (editant fulls volants a peri\u00F2dics), l' (gr\u00E0fica, m\u00FAsica, poesia), per implicar la comunitat, la resist\u00E8ncia a la imposici\u00F3, els boicots, la lluita via diplom\u00E0tica, el sabotatge sense fer danys a les persones, els piquets pac\u00EDfics de vaga, refusar recompenses o honors o la vaga general entre altres. Entre els te\u00F2rics hi ha els fil\u00F2sofs socials estatunidencs i Gene Sharp, l'angl\u00E8s , l'alemany i els francesos Jean-Marie Muller i Jacques S\u00E9melin. Entre els practicants de la resist\u00E8ncia pac\u00EDfica hi ha Leo Tolstoy, Te Whiti o Rongomai, Mohandas Gandhi, Andrei Sakharov, Martin Luther King, Jr, V\u00E1clav Havel, i Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Neperforta rezisto, neperforta lukto, neperforta malobeo, neperforta agado, neperforta aktiveco a\u016D pacema rezistado estas taktiko de rilata kun la civila malobeo kiu celas la sukceson de politika, socia kaj kultura \u015Dan\u011Do sen neceso uzi perforton kiel politika armilo. En la praktiko uzas simbolajn protestojn kaj agojn de ne-kunlaborado en politikaj kaj ekonomiaj areoj."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indarkeria-ez aktiboa"@eu . . . "\u041D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0431\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0431\u0430, \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A, \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0431\u043E\u0439\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0441 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F (\u0441\u043C. \u043D\u0438\u0436\u0435 )."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La resistencia no violenta, lucha no violenta, desobediencia no violenta, acci\u00F3n no violenta, no violencia activa o resistencia pac\u00EDfica es una t\u00E1ctica de protesta relacionada con la desobediencia civil que propugna el logro de un cambio pol\u00EDtico, social y cultural sin necesidad del empleo de la violencia como arma pol\u00EDtica. En la pr\u00E1ctica utiliza protestas simb\u00F3licas y actos de no-cooperaci\u00F3n en las \u00E1reas pol\u00EDticas y econ\u00F3micas."@es . . . "Perlawanan tanpa kekerasan"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gewaltfreie Aktion"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . "La resist\u00E8ncia no-violenta \u00E9s la pr\u00E0ctica sociopol\u00EDtica d'aconseguir els objectius a trav\u00E9s de protestes simb\u00F2liques, la desobedi\u00E8ncia civil, la no cooperaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica i pol\u00EDtica i altres m\u00E8todes sense fer \u00FAs de la viol\u00E8ncia, habitualment sota l'esperit de la no-viol\u00E8ncia. S'origina de l'experi\u00E8ncia del moviment d'independ\u00E8ncia de l'\u00CDndia i els ensenyaments de Gandhi (que ell designava satyagraha) que al seu torn es va inspirar en Lev Tolstoi, Henry David Thoreau i Percy Bysshe Shelley (tot i que a aquest \u00FAltim, Gandhi no el menciona). Les formes de la resist\u00E8ncia no violenta s\u00F3n molt variades, inclouen per exemple la guerra d'informaci\u00F3 (editant fulls volants a peri\u00F2dics), l' (gr\u00E0fica, m\u00FAsica, poesia), per implicar la comunitat, la resist\u00E8ncia a la imposici\u00F3, els boicots, la lluita via "@ca . . . . "Nonviolent resistance"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La r\u00E9sistance non violente ou action non violente ou r\u00E9sistance passive est l'utilisation du pouvoir de la non-violence pour accomplir des objectifs socio-politiques au travers de protestations symboliques, de non-coop\u00E9ration \u00E9conomique ou politique, de d\u00E9sob\u00E9issance civile ou d'autres m\u00E9thodes. Cette pratique peut impliquer une r\u00E9sistance par inertie, oppos\u00E9e \u00E0 un antagonisme actif. Parmi les th\u00E9oriciens de la r\u00E9sistance non violente figurent les Am\u00E9ricains Richard Gregg et Gene Sharp, Martin Luther King, l'Anglais (en), l'Allemand (de) et les Fran\u00E7ais Jean-Marie Muller et Jacques S\u00E9melin."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u060C \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064A\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u062A\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u064A\u0628\u0631\u0650\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u062C\u064A\u0646."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pasivn\u00ED rezistence"@cs . . . . . . . . "Als gewaltfreie Aktion (GA, englisch nonviolent action) werden alle politischen oder sozialen Widerstands- und Auseinandersetzungsformen bezeichnet, die bewusst auf Gewalt gegen andere Menschen verzichten. Gene Sharp hat die Methoden der GA in folgende Untergruppen klassifiziert: \n* gewaltfreier Protest und \u00DCberzeugung \n* soziale Nichtzusammenarbeit \n* Boykottaktionen \n* Streikaktionen \n* politische Nichtzusammenarbeit \n* gewaltfreie Intervention Das Spektrum der von ihm zusammengestellten 198 Aktionsformen reicht von Protestschreiben und Flugbl\u00E4ttern \u00FCber Demonstrationen, Kundgebungen, Stra\u00DFentheater, Aufrufen zum Konsumentenboykott, Streiks, \u201EDienst nach Vorschrift\u201C bis hin zu kalkulierten Regelverletzungen wie Sitzstreiks, Sit-ins und bestimmten Formen der Sachbesch\u00E4digung. Emmeline Pankhurst entwickelte ein Konzept des gewaltfreien Widerstands f\u00FCr die Frauenbewegung, das auch Hungerstreikaktionen umfasste. Wenn bewusst Methoden eingesetzt werden, die in dem betreffenden Land gesetzeswidrig sind, handelt es sich um zivilen Ungehorsam. Je nach Rechtssystem und Regierung des Landes, in dem diese Methoden angewendet werden, k\u00F6nnen die genannten Aktionsformen zu direkten Gewaltreaktionen staatlicher Kr\u00E4fte f\u00FChren und strafrechtliche Konsequenzen f\u00FCr die Beteiligten haben. Eine weitere Perspektive der gewaltfreien Aktion kann die gewaltfreie Revolution darstellen. Der Begriff entstand nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg im Zusammenhang mit der Herausbildung der Neuen Linken vor allem in Europa und Nordamerika und vereinigt zwei politik-theoretische Str\u00F6mungen, n\u00E4mlich die pazifistische Tradition der Gewaltfreiheit und die sozialrevolution\u00E4re Tradition der Arbeiterbewegung. Es entsteht eine Verbindung von Gewaltkritik und Staatskritik, die in sozialen Bewegungen wirksam wird. Theoretische Wurzeln finden sich im Anarchosyndikalismus, im Unionismus der Industrial Workers of the World und im Pazifismus. In Deutschland ist es vor allem die Graswurzelbewegung um die anarchopazifistische Zeitschrift Graswurzelrevolution, die eine gewaltfreie Revolution anstrebt."@de . . . . . . . . . "\uBE44\uD3ED\uB825 \uC800\uD56D"@ko . . . . . . . . . . .