. . . . . . "Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856"@en . . . . . "Le Hatti-Humayoun de 1856 ou rescrit imp\u00E9rial de 1856 (en turc : \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu) est un firman du sultan Abd\u00FClmecid Ier \u00E9mis le 18 f\u00E9vrier 1856. C'est le second texte embl\u00E9matique des Tanzimat. Pr\u00E9par\u00E9 par Mehmed Emin Ali Pacha, il donna une nouvelle impulsion aux r\u00E9formes. Il se pr\u00E9sente comme un \u00E9dit d'\u00E9mancipation des non-musulmans, non en tant qu'individus mais en tant que communaut\u00E9s. La communaut\u00E9 confessionnelle ou \"Millet\" est institutionnalis\u00E9e. Chacune de ces communaut\u00E9s non musulmanes est dot\u00E9e d'une \u00AB constitution \u00BB lui donnant un chef religieux et un conseil communautaire \u00E9lu. Elle aura la libre gestion de ses affaires internes. L'\u00E9tat interdit toute discrimination sur une base religieuse. Il reconna\u00EEt l'\u00E9galit\u00E9 de tous les habitants de l'Empire ottoman, quelle que soit leur religion. Le Hatti-Humayoun de 1856 est souvent vu comme une cons\u00E9quence de l'influence de la France et du Royaume-Uni sur l'Empire ottoman apr\u00E8s la Guerre de Crim\u00E9e et la signature du trait\u00E9 de Paris de 1856. Il s'agit d'une tentative de modernisation des institutions de la Sublime Porte. Ainsi pour Florian Louis: \"On a pu interpr\u00E9ter de mani\u00E8re plus large la soif des r\u00E9formes qui saisit les \u00E9lites ottomanes au XIXe si\u00E8cle comme une volont\u00E9 d'adaptation au changement de contexte provoqu\u00E9 par le processus de mondialisation alors en plein d\u00E9ploiement. Il ne s'agirait pas tant d'imiter ou de rattraper l'Europe que de se conformer aux imp\u00E9ratifs d'un nouvel ordre mondial, certes domin\u00E9 par elle mais dont le propre est pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment d'\u00EAtre global. Le rescrit imp\u00E9rial \u00E9tablit l'\u00E9galit\u00E9 des sujets de l'Empire en mati\u00E8re d'imp\u00F4ts mais aussi d'\u00E9ducation, de justice et de service militaire. Il promet par ailleurs la mise en place de conseils communaux et provinciaux."@fr . . . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uD6C4\uB9C8\uC724 \uCE59\uB839"@ko . . "17433"^^ . . . . . "The Imperial Reform Edict (Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu; Modern Turkish: Isl\u00E2hat Ferm\u00E2n\u0131) was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms. The decree from Ottoman Sultan Abdulmejid I promised equality in education, government appointments, and administration of justice to all regardless of creed. The decree is often seen as a result of the influence of France and Britain, which assisted the Ottoman Empire against the Russians during the Crimean War (1853\u20131856) and the Treaty of Paris (1856) which ended the war."@en . "Hatt-i Humayan \u2013 edykt wydany w Turcji w 1856, kontynuuj\u0105cy reformy Tanzimatu. Potwierdzono w nim zasady og\u0142oszone w Hatt-i Sharif: r\u00F3wno\u015B\u0107 poddanych muzu\u0142ma\u0144skich i niemuzu\u0142ma\u0144skich, gwarancja dla wszystkich poddanych bezpiecze\u0144stwa osobistego, mienia i czci. Dopuszczono niemuzu\u0142man\u00F3w do s\u0142u\u017Cby pa\u0144stwowej, szk\u00F3\u0142 wojskowych, deklarowano r\u00F3wnomierne roz\u0142o\u017Cenie podatk\u00F3w, ustanowienie regularnego bud\u017Cetu i bank\u00F3w, budow\u0119 dr\u00F3g, przyznanie cudzoziemcom praw do posiadania maj\u0105tku nieruchomego na terenie Turcji."@pl . . . . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uD6C4\uB9C8\uC724 \uCE59\uB839 (Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun, Imperial Edict, Imperial Reform Edict , Rescript of Reform)\uC740 1856\uB144 2\uC6D4 18\uC77C \uACF5\uD45C\uB41C \uCE59\uB839\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD0C4\uC9C0\uB9C8\uD2B8 \uCE59\uB839\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC555\uB4AC\uBA54\uC9C0\uD2B8 1\uC138\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uAD50\uC721\uACFC \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0 \uC784\uC6A9, \uC0AC\uBC95\uBD80 \uB4F1 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC0AC\uD68C \uC804\uBC18\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uD55C \uAC1C\uD601\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC885\uAD50\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uCC28\uC774\uB3C4 \uC6A9\uC778\uB410\uB2E4. \uB300\uAC1C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC640 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uC785\uAE40\uC774 \uC791\uC6A9\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uB294\uB370 \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC640 \uD06C\uB9BC \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9DE\uC11C\uC57C \uD588\uB358 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uB450 \uAD6D\uAC00\uAC00 \uC555\uBC15\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC5D0 \uBC1C\uD45C\uB418\uAE30\uB294 \uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC77C\uBD80 \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4\uBCC4\uB85C \uC801\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBC95\uB839 \uC801\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4 \uACF5\uC815\uD568\uC744 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC885\uAD50\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB97C \uB9E4\uB144 \uC120\uCD9C \uD639\uC740 \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC9C0\uBA85\uD1A0\uB85D \uD588\uB2E4. 1837\uB144 \uBCC4\uB3C4\uC758 \uBC95\uC815\uC744 \uC124\uCE58\uD558\uB294 \uD55C\uD3B8 \uACE0\uC704 \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uC7AC\uD310\uC744 \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB3C4\uB85D \uD588\uB2E4. \uD22C\uD45C\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB3C4 \uACF5\uD45C\uB410\uB2E4. \uBB38\uC790 \uADF8\uB300\uB85C\uC758 \uC758\uBBF8\uB294 \uC220\uD0C4\uC758 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC774\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uACFC\uAC70\uC758 \uCE59\uB839\uACFC \uAC1C\uD601\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD588\uB294\uB370 \uC81C\uAD6D \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uBA70 \uACC4\uAE09\uACFC \uC885\uAD50\uC5D0 \uC0C1\uAD00 \uC5C6\uC774 \uC801\uC6A9\uD1A0\uB85D \uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uAC1C\uC778\uC758 \uC7AC\uC0B0\uAD8C\uACFC \uC548\uC804, \uBA85\uC608\uB97C \uC874\uC911\uD1A0\uB85D \uD588\uB2E4. \uC720\uB7FD \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC555\uB825\uC774 \uC791\uC6A9\uD588\uB2E4\uBCF4\uB2C8 \uC720\uB7FD \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uCE59\uB839 \uC870\uCE58\uB97C \uD658\uC601\uD588\uB2E4\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC218\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uC815\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uCDE8\uAE09\uD558\uAC8C \uB410\uB2E4\uB294 \uB370 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uD070 \uC758\uC758\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uAD50\uB3C4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBC30\uB824\uC640 \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4\uC758 \uB2E4\uC218\uD654, \uCD1D\uB300\uC8FC\uAD50\uC81C\uB97C \uB3C4\uC785\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uC885\uAD50 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB97C \uC815\uCE58 \uD639\uC740 \uC785\uBC95 \uCCB4\uACC4\uC5D0 \uC77C\uC815 \uBD80\uBD84 \uAD00\uC5EC\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD55C\uD3B8\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC0AC\uBC95\uBD80\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB97C \uCE68\uD574\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC18C\uC9C0\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F \u064A\u0648\u0645 11 \u062C\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631\u0629 1272 \u0647\u0640 (18 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1856 \u0645). \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u063A\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649."@ar . . . . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uD6C4\uB9C8\uC724 \uCE59\uB839 (Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun, Imperial Edict, Imperial Reform Edict , Rescript of Reform)\uC740 1856\uB144 2\uC6D4 18\uC77C \uACF5\uD45C\uB41C \uCE59\uB839\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD0C4\uC9C0\uB9C8\uD2B8 \uCE59\uB839\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC555\uB4AC\uBA54\uC9C0\uD2B8 1\uC138\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uAD50\uC721\uACFC \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0 \uC784\uC6A9, \uC0AC\uBC95\uBD80 \uB4F1 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC0AC\uD68C \uC804\uBC18\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uD55C \uAC1C\uD601\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC885\uAD50\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uCC28\uC774\uB3C4 \uC6A9\uC778\uB410\uB2E4. \uB300\uAC1C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC640 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uC785\uAE40\uC774 \uC791\uC6A9\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uB294\uB370 \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC640 \uD06C\uB9BC \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9DE\uC11C\uC57C \uD588\uB358 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uB450 \uAD6D\uAC00\uAC00 \uC555\uBC15\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC5D0 \uBC1C\uD45C\uB418\uAE30\uB294 \uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC77C\uBD80 \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4\uBCC4\uB85C \uC801\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBC95\uB839 \uC801\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4 \uACF5\uC815\uD568\uC744 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC885\uAD50\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB97C \uB9E4\uB144 \uC120\uCD9C \uD639\uC740 \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC9C0\uBA85\uD1A0\uB85D \uD588\uB2E4. 1837\uB144 \uBCC4\uB3C4\uC758 \uBC95\uC815\uC744 \uC124\uCE58\uD558\uB294 \uD55C\uD3B8 \uACE0\uC704 \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uC7AC\uD310\uC744 \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB3C4\uB85D \uD588\uB2E4. \uD22C\uD45C\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB3C4 \uACF5\uD45C\uB410\uB2E4. \uBB38\uC790 \uADF8\uB300\uB85C\uC758 \uC758\uBBF8\uB294 \uC220\uD0C4\uC758 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hatti-Humayoun de 1856"@fr . "\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "L'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun del 1856 noto anche come editto di riforma o decreto di riforma imperiale (in turco ottomano \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu; in turco Isl\u00E2hat Ferm\u00E2n\u0131) fu un editto del governo ottomano del 18 febbraio 1856 e rientrante nelle riforme del periodo del Tanzimat. Il decreto del sultano ottomano Abdulmejid I promise l'uguaglianza per tutti i cittadini nell'istruzione, nelle nomine del governo e nell'amministrazione della giustizia, indipendentemente dal credo. Preparato da Mehmed Emin \u00C2li Pasci\u00E0, diede un nuovo impulso alle riforme.Si presentava come un editto di emancipazione dei non musulmani, non come individui ma come comunit\u00E0. La comunit\u00E0 confessionale o \"millet\" venne istituzionalizzata e l'editto dispose il divieto di discriminazione basata sulla religione, sulla lingua e sull'etnia. La riforma \u00E8 spesso vista come il risultato dell'influenza di Francia e Gran Bretagna che aiutarono l'Impero ottomano contro i russi durante la guerra di Crimea (1853-1856) e il Trattato di Parigi (1856) che pose fine alla guerra. L'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun era una promessa del Sultano ai suoi cittadini, sudditi. Il Sultano garantiva di essere il responsabile della costituzione dei \"Consigli provinciali\" e dei \"Consigli comunali\" e dell'equit\u00E0 di tale processo e dei risultati. Nelle questioni riguardanti tutti i soggetti dello Stato (in relazione all'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun), il capo spirituale di ogni congregazione, insieme al suo funzionario nominato per un anno dal governo, avrebbe partecipato alle trattative del `Meclisi Valay-i Ahk\u0101m- i Adliyye', un tribunale istituito nel 1837 per trattare i casi di alti funzionari. Il sultano promise anche la libert\u00E0 di voto nei consigli. Questi obiettivi furono promessi dal sultano ed emanati dalla sua autorit\u00E0, indicando che l'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun portava l'autorit\u00E0 diretta del Sultanato ottomano stesso e non era una riforma burocratica inferiore."@it . . "\u6539\u9769\u52C5\u4EE4\uFF08\u304B\u3044\u304B\u304F\u3061\u3087\u304F\u308C\u3044\u3001\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u30C8\u30EB\u30B3\u8A9E: \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649\u200E, \u30E9\u30C6\u30F3\u6587\u5B57\u8EE2\u5199: Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu\uFF09\u306F1856\u5E742\u670818\u65E5\u306B\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30F3\u3001\u30A2\u30D6\u30C7\u30E5\u30EB\u30E1\u30B8\u30C81\u4E16\u304C\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u3055\u3089\u306A\u308B\u6539\u9769\u3092\u76EE\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u516C\u5E03\u3057\u305F\u52C5\u4EE4\u3002\u5E1D\u56FD\u306F\u3059\u3067\u306B\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u52C5\u4EE4\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u305F\u6539\u9769\uFF08\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\uFF09\u3092\u63A8\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30AF\u30EA\u30DF\u30A2\u6226\u4E89\u672B\u671F\u306B\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u4E21\u56FD\u306E\u5727\u529B\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306A\u308B\u6539\u9769\u3092\u7D04\u3057\u305F\u540C\u52C5\u4EE4\u306E\u516C\u5E03\u3092\u4F59\u5100\u306A\u304F\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "Hatt-i Humayan \u2013 edykt wydany w Turcji w 1856, kontynuuj\u0105cy reformy Tanzimatu. Potwierdzono w nim zasady og\u0142oszone w Hatt-i Sharif: r\u00F3wno\u015B\u0107 poddanych muzu\u0142ma\u0144skich i niemuzu\u0142ma\u0144skich, gwarancja dla wszystkich poddanych bezpiecze\u0144stwa osobistego, mienia i czci. Dopuszczono niemuzu\u0142man\u00F3w do s\u0142u\u017Cby pa\u0144stwowej, szk\u00F3\u0142 wojskowych, deklarowano r\u00F3wnomierne roz\u0142o\u017Cenie podatk\u00F3w, ustanowienie regularnego bud\u017Cetu i bank\u00F3w, budow\u0119 dr\u00F3g, przyznanie cudzoziemcom praw do posiadania maj\u0105tku nieruchomego na terenie Turcji."@pl . . "Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun del 1856"@it . . "L'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun del 1856 noto anche come editto di riforma o decreto di riforma imperiale (in turco ottomano \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu; in turco Isl\u00E2hat Ferm\u00E2n\u0131) fu un editto del governo ottomano del 18 febbraio 1856 e rientrante nelle riforme del periodo del Tanzimat. Il decreto del sultano ottomano Abdulmejid I promise l'uguaglianza per tutti i cittadini nell'istruzione, nelle nomine del governo e nell'amministrazione della giustizia, indipendentemente dal credo. Preparato da Mehmed Emin \u00C2li Pasci\u00E0, diede un nuovo impulso alle riforme.Si presentava come un editto di emancipazione dei non musulmani, non come individui ma come comunit\u00E0. La comunit\u00E0 confessionale o \"millet\" venne istituzionalizzata e l'editto dispose il divieto di discriminazione basata sulla religione, s"@it . "\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F \u064A\u0648\u0645 11 \u062C\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631\u0629 1272 \u0647\u0640 (18 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1856 \u0645). \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u063A\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649."@ar . . . "Le Hatti-Humayoun de 1856 ou rescrit imp\u00E9rial de 1856 (en turc : \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu) est un firman du sultan Abd\u00FClmecid Ier \u00E9mis le 18 f\u00E9vrier 1856. C'est le second texte embl\u00E9matique des Tanzimat. Pr\u00E9par\u00E9 par Mehmed Emin Ali Pacha, il donna une nouvelle impulsion aux r\u00E9formes. Il se pr\u00E9sente comme un \u00E9dit d'\u00E9mancipation des non-musulmans, non en tant qu'individus mais en tant que communaut\u00E9s. La communaut\u00E9 confessionnelle ou \"Millet\" est institutionnalis\u00E9e. Chacune de ces communaut\u00E9s non musulmanes est dot\u00E9e d'une \u00AB constitution \u00BB lui donnant un chef religieux et un conseil communautaire \u00E9lu. Elle aura la libre gestion de ses affaires internes. L'\u00E9tat interdit toute discrimination sur une base religieuse. Il reconna\u00EEt l'\u00E9galit\u00E9 de tous les habitants de l'Empire ot"@fr . . . . . . . . "\u6539\u9769\u52C5\u4EE4"@ja . . . . . . "2904478"^^ . "1098217832"^^ . . "Hatt-i Humayan"@pl . . . "The Imperial Reform Edict (Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649, Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu; Modern Turkish: Isl\u00E2hat Ferm\u00E2n\u0131) was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms. The decree from Ottoman Sultan Abdulmejid I promised equality in education, government appointments, and administration of justice to all regardless of creed. The decree is often seen as a result of the influence of France and Britain, which assisted the Ottoman Empire against the Russians during the Crimean War (1853\u20131856) and the Treaty of Paris (1856) which ended the war. Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun was a promise by the Sultan to his citizens, subjects. Sultan promised to be held responsible for the constitution of the \"Provincial Councils\" and \"Communal Councils\" and the fairness of this process and the results. In matters concerning all the subjects of the State (related with Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun), the spiritual leader of every congregation, along with its official appointed for one year by the government, will participate in the negotiations of `Meclisi Valay-i Ahk\u0101m-i Adliyye', a law court established in 1837 to deal with cases of high officials. The sultan also promised freedom to vote in the councils. These goals were promised by the sultan and emanated from his authority, indicating that the Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCmayun carried the authority of the Ottoman Sultanate itself, and was not a lower, bureaucratic reform."@en . . . . . . "\u6539\u9769\u52C5\u4EE4\uFF08\u304B\u3044\u304B\u304F\u3061\u3087\u304F\u308C\u3044\u3001\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u30C8\u30EB\u30B3\u8A9E: \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0649\u200E, \u30E9\u30C6\u30F3\u6587\u5B57\u8EE2\u5199: Isl\u00E2hat Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu\uFF09\u306F1856\u5E742\u670818\u65E5\u306B\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30F3\u3001\u30A2\u30D6\u30C7\u30E5\u30EB\u30E1\u30B8\u30C81\u4E16\u304C\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u3055\u3089\u306A\u308B\u6539\u9769\u3092\u76EE\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u516C\u5E03\u3057\u305F\u52C5\u4EE4\u3002\u5E1D\u56FD\u306F\u3059\u3067\u306B\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u52C5\u4EE4\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u305F\u6539\u9769\uFF08\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\uFF09\u3092\u63A8\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30AF\u30EA\u30DF\u30A2\u6226\u4E89\u672B\u671F\u306B\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u4E21\u56FD\u306E\u5727\u529B\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306A\u308B\u6539\u9769\u3092\u7D04\u3057\u305F\u540C\u52C5\u4EE4\u306E\u516C\u5E03\u3092\u4F59\u5100\u306A\u304F\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . .