"La m\u00E9thode d'observation participante est une m\u00E9thode couramment utilis\u00E9e lors de travaux de recherche ethnographiques effectu\u00E9 dans des disciplines telles que l'anthropologie culturelle, la sociologie, ou encore le journalisme d'investigation. Selon Alain Touraine cette m\u00E9thode vise \u00E0 atteindre \u00AB la compr\u00E9hension de l\u2019autre dans le partage d'une condition commune \u00BB. L'id\u00E9e apparaissait d\u00E9j\u00E0 en 1800, \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque des grands voyages d'exploration scientifique dans l'esprit de Joseph-Marie de G\u00E9rando qui \u00E9crivait dans un ouvrage publi\u00E9 par la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 des observateurs de l'homme : \u00AB Le premier moyen pour bien conna\u00EEtre les Sauvages, est de devenir en quelque sorte comme l'un d'entre eux ; et c'est en apprenant leur langue qu'on deviendra leur concitoyen. \u00BB Popularis\u00E9e par des anthropologues et ethnographes tel que Frank Hamilton Cushing, Bronislaw Malinowski et John Layard au d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle, cette m\u00E9thode consiste donc \u00E0 \u00E9tudier une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 en partageant son mode de vie, en se faisant accepter par ses membres et en participant aux activit\u00E9s des groupes et \u00E0 leurs enjeux. Il s'agit donc pour le chercheur, de pratiquer une immersion participante sur leur terrain d'enqu\u00EAte durant id\u00E9alement plusieurs ann\u00E9es."@fr . . . . . . "\uCC38\uC5EC \uAD00\uCC30"@ko . . "A observa\u00E7\u00E3o participante \u00E9 um tipo de tipicamente usado em pesquisa qualitativa e na etnografia. Este tipo de metodologia \u00E9 empregado em muitas disciplinas, particularmente na antropologia (incluindo e etnologia europeia), sociologia (incluindo e sociologia criminal), , geografia humana e psicologia social. Seu objetivo \u00E9 ganhar uma intimidade familiar e pr\u00F3xima com um certo grupo de indiv\u00EDduos (como religiosos, ocupacionais, subgrupos culturais ou uma comunidade particular) e suas pr\u00E1ticas atrav\u00E9s de um envolvimento intenso com as pessoas em seu espa\u00E7o cultural, usualmente sob certo per\u00EDodo de tempo."@pt . "La m\u00E9thode d'observation participante est une m\u00E9thode couramment utilis\u00E9e lors de travaux de recherche ethnographiques effectu\u00E9 dans des disciplines telles que l'anthropologie culturelle, la sociologie, ou encore le journalisme d'investigation. Selon Alain Touraine cette m\u00E9thode vise \u00E0 atteindre \u00AB la compr\u00E9hension de l\u2019autre dans le partage d'une condition commune \u00BB. L'id\u00E9e apparaissait d\u00E9j\u00E0 en 1800, \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque des grands voyages d'exploration scientifique dans l'esprit de Joseph-Marie de G\u00E9rando qui \u00E9crivait dans un ouvrage publi\u00E9 par la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 des observateurs de l'homme : \u00AB Le premier moyen pour bien conna\u00EEtre les Sauvages, est de devenir en quelque sorte comme l'un d'entre eux ; et c'est en apprenant leur langue qu'on deviendra leur concitoyen. \u00BB"@fr . 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\u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0448\u043B\u043E, \u043D\u0443\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u044D\u043C\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E.[\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C]"@ru . . . . . . . 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"\u0412\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . "Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography. This type of methodology is employed in many disciplines, particularly anthropology (incl. cultural anthropology and European ethnology), sociology (incl. sociology of culture and cultural criminology), communication studies, human geography, and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, youth group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time."@en . . . . . . "L'observaci\u00F3 participant \u00E9s un m\u00E8tode de utilitzat en les ci\u00E8ncies socials, principalment per l'antropologia cultural, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 per part de la sociologia, els estudis de comunicaci\u00F3 i la psicologia social. Consisteix que l'investigador interaccioni amb els investigats (o informants) en el context propi d'aquests, compartint-ne l'experi\u00E8ncia quotidiana, alhora que es recullen dades de manera sistem\u00E0tica i no intrusiva. Durant el proc\u00E9s de recerca l'investigador passa a formar part del grup estudiat, ha de ser acceptat per aquest i ha de negociar socialment la seva posici\u00F3 i participaci\u00F3. Tot i que hi ha antecedents anteriors, el m\u00E8tode s'origina i defineix a partir de la d\u00E8cada dels anys 30 del segle xx a trav\u00E9s del treball de camp dels antrop\u00F2legs socials, especialment dels estudiants de Franz Boas als Estats Units i en la recerca de sociologia urbana de l'. S'ha utilitzat per estudiar comunitats de tota classe: religioses, laborals, subcultures urbanes, sociabilitat a les xarxes digitals, etc. L'investigador mant\u00E9 un punt equidistant entre l'objectivitat i la identificaci\u00F3 amb els altres informants, que li permet entendre \"des de dins\" un fenomen, sense els prejudicis propis i per tant adoptant un enfocament sovint proper al relativisme cultural per\u00F2 sempre amb el distanciament que permet enumerar els pressup\u00F2sits i q\u00FCestions impl\u00EDcites o els tab\u00FAs associats a aquella pr\u00E0ctica cultural. Per tant suposa adoptar un enfocament que combini l'esperit cr\u00EDtic amb l'empatia. Les principals limitacions com a metodologia de recerca sorgeixen justament d'aquest dif\u00EDcil equilibri."@ca . . . 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Grenville Goodwin Western Apache)\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC38\uC5EC \uAD00\uCC30\uC790\uB85C\uC11C 10\uB144 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC77C\uD55C \uC0AC\uD6C4 \uAC04\uD589\uBB3C\uC740 \uADF8\uB97C \uBBFC\uC871\uD559 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uC778\uBB3C\uB85C \uC790\uB9AC \uAE40\uD588\uB2E4. 1980\uB144\uB300 \uC774\uD6C4, \uC77C\uBD80 \uC778\uB958 \uD559\uC790\uC640 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uD68C \uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uCC38\uAC00\uC790 \uAD00\uCC30\uC774 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uB9C8\uC74C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC9C4\uC815\uD55C \uD1B5\uCC30\uB825\uC744 \uC81C\uACF5 \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC815\uB3C4\uC5D0 \uC758\uBB38\uC744 \uC81C\uAE30\uD588\uB2E4. \uB3D9\uC2DC\uC5D0 Glaser and Strauss (1967)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC2DC\uC791\uB41C \uAE30\uCD08 \uC774\uB860\uC73C\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uBCF4\uB2E4 \uACF5\uC2DD\uD654 \uB41C \uC9C8\uC801 \uC5F0\uAD6C \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB7A8\uC774 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559 \uBC0F \uACF5\uC911 \uBCF4\uAC74\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uAD00\uB828 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uD1B5\uC6A9\uB418\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uB3C4\uC804\uC5D0 \uB300\uC751\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC77C\uBD80 \uBBFC\uC871 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC778 \uAC00\uC124 \uD14C\uC2A4\uD2B8 \uBC0F \uBCF5\uC81C \uAC00\uB2A5\uC131\uC5D0 \uB354 \uC21C\uC751\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uB9CC\uB4E4\uAC70\uB098 \uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC2E0\uC911\uD558\uAC8C \uACE0\uB824 \uB41C \uC778\uC2DD\uB860 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uD574\uC11D\uC744 \uAD6C\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uC744 \uAC1C\uC120\uD588\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC5F0\uAD6C \uB3C4\uAD6C\uB85C\uC11C \uCC38\uAC00\uC790 \uAD00\uCC30\uC758 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uC740 \uC6B0\uC5F0\uD55C \uACFC\uC815\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uB9CE\uC740 \uC790\uAE30 \uBE44\uD310\uACFC \uAC80\uD1A0\uB97C \uC218\uBC18\uD588\uB2E4. \uACB0\uACFC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uBB38\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uAC01 \uC778\uB958\uD559 \uC740 \uCC38\uAC00\uC790 \uAD00\uCC30 \uBC29\uBC95\uC758 \uD558\uC704 \uC9D1\uD569\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uC2B5\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uBD84\uC57C\uC758 \uD575\uC2EC \uC9C8\uBB38\uC740 \uAD00\uCC30\uC790 \uD6A8\uACFC\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 \uB3D9\uC548 \uCE74\uBA54\uB77C\uB97C \uD604\uC7A5\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uC838\uAC00\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uD544\uB4DC \uC785\uB825 \uBB38\uC81C\uB294 \uBCC4\uB3C4\uC758 \uD558\uC704 \uD544\uB4DC\uB85C \uBC1C\uC804\uD588\uB2E4. \uAD00\uCC30 \uAD00\uC810\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uAC04 \uD589\uB3D9\uC758 \uB2E4\uBA74\uC801 \uC601\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC811\uADFC\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C Clifford Geertz\uC758 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uC5D0\uC138\uC774\uB294 \uBB38\uD654 \uD574\uC11D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC9D1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBA40\uB9AC \uB5A8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uB9E5\uB77D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uC2DD\uB418\uB294 \uC778\uAC04 \uC719\uD06C\uC758 \uAC04\uB2E8\uD55C \uC608\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . "Osservazione partecipante"@it . "\u0412\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Participant observation) \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u00AB\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u00BB. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F. \u041C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0445\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0442\u044C \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0443\u044E. \n* \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A \n* \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \n* \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A \n* \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C"@ru . "\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643"@ar . "\u53C2\u4E0E\u89B3\u5BDF"@ja . . . . . . . . "Deltagande observation"@sv . . . . . "25383"^^ . . . "L'osservazione partecipante \u00E8 una tecnica di ricerca etnografica incentrata sulla prolungata permanenza e partecipazione alle attivit\u00E0 del gruppo sociale studiato da parte del ricercatore. Questo metodo \u00E8 stato reso celebre da Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski ed \u00E8 divenuto fondamentale per le scienze etnoantropologiche."@it . "Participerende observatie"@nl . . . . . . "363627"^^ . . "Observaci\u00F3n participante"@es . "A observa\u00E7\u00E3o participante \u00E9 um tipo de tipicamente usado em pesquisa qualitativa e na etnografia. Este tipo de metodologia \u00E9 empregado em muitas disciplinas, particularmente na antropologia (incluindo e etnologia europeia), sociologia (incluindo e sociologia criminal), , geografia humana e psicologia social. Seu objetivo \u00E9 ganhar uma intimidade familiar e pr\u00F3xima com um certo grupo de indiv\u00EDduos (como religiosos, ocupacionais, subgrupos culturais ou uma comunidade particular) e suas pr\u00E1ticas atrav\u00E9s de um envolvimento intenso com as pessoas em seu espa\u00E7o cultural, usualmente sob certo per\u00EDodo de tempo. O m\u00E9todo se originou com liga\u00E7\u00F5es com as . Durante os anos 1800, um dos percursores do m\u00E9todo foi Joseph-Marie de G\u00E9rando, o qual j\u00E1 afirmava que \"o jeito principal de conhecer o ind\u00EDgenas \u00E9 se tornar um deles; e \u00E9 aprendendo sua l\u00EDngua que ir\u00E1 se tornar um de seus membros\". Posteriormente, o m\u00E9todo se tornaria popular por Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski e seus estudantes brit\u00E2nicos; os estudantes de Franz Boas nos Estados Unidos; e posteriormente a pesquisa urbana dos estudantes da Escola de Chicago."@pt . . . . . "Teilnehmende Beobachtung bezeichnet eine Methode der Feldforschung in den Sozialwissenschaften. Sie strebt an, durch besondere N\u00E4he zum Objekt Erkenntnisse \u00FCber das Handeln, das Verhalten oder die Auswirkungen des Verhaltens von einzelnen Personen oder einer Gruppe von Personen zu gewinnen. Das Kennzeichnende dieser Methode ist die pers\u00F6nliche Teilnahme des Forschers an den Interaktionen der Personen, die das Forschungsobjekt sind. Dabei ist die Annahme leitend, dass durch die Teilnahme beziehungsweise die unmittelbare Erfahrung der Situation Aspekte des Handelns und Denkens beobachtbar werden, die vergleichsweise in Gespr\u00E4chen und Dokumenten \u00FCber diese Interaktionen bzw. Situationen nicht zug\u00E4nglich w\u00E4ren. Die \u201ETeilnahme\u201C kann dabei je nach dem Verst\u00E4ndnis der Methode beziehungsweise dem gepflegten Vorgehen von blo\u00DFer physischer Pr\u00E4senz bis zur vollst\u00E4ndigen Interaktion mit eigener Rolle in der Gruppe reichen. F\u00FCr den Wissenschaftler bedeutet teilnehmende Beobachtung ein st\u00E4ndiges Lavieren zwischen N\u00E4he (Teilnahme) und Distanz (Beobachtung). Die Distanz ist n\u00F6tig, um die Erfahrungen wissenschaftlich zu reflektieren, und soll vor dem \u201Egoing native\u201C (Vertrautheit und Identifizierung mit dem beobachteten Geschehen) beziehungsweise der schleichenden \u00DCbernahme des Selbstverst\u00E4ndnisses der Gruppe bewahren. Die teilnehmende Beobachtung kommt im deutschen Sprachraum seltener zur Anwendung als im anglo-amerikanischen Sprachraum und galt 2003 als unzureichend theoretisch und methodisch durchdacht. Es wurde \u201Ekritisiert, dass in der Forschungspraxis ein weitgehender Verzicht auf methodische Regeln zu beobachten sei\u201C, auch wenn es beispielsweise Wertungen gibt, die die teilnehmende Beobachtung als \u201EK\u00F6nigin unter den Methoden der Feldforschung\u201C bezeichnen (Roland Girtler)."@de . "\u53C2\u4E0E\u89B3\u5BDF\uFF08\u3055\u3093\u3088\u304B\u3093\u3055\u3064\u3001\u82F1: participant observation\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5B9A\u6027\u7684\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u8ABF\u67FB\u6CD5\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3002\u53C2\u4E0E\u89B3\u5BDF\u6CD5\u3002"@ja . . . . . "Observa\u00E7\u00E3o participante"@pt . . "Deltagande observation \u00E4r en kvalitativ metod f\u00F6r beteendeobservation. Den anv\u00E4nds inom samh\u00E4llsvetenskaper som antropologi, etnologi, folkloristik, sociologi och genusvetenskap. Metoden utvecklades i b\u00F6rjan av 1900-talet av socialantropologen Bronislaw Malinowski i syfte att studera vad man d\u00E5 kallade primitiva samh\u00E4llen. Metoden associeras numera med Chicagoskolan inom sociologi."@sv . . "L'osservazione partecipante \u00E8 una tecnica di ricerca etnografica incentrata sulla prolungata permanenza e partecipazione alle attivit\u00E0 del gruppo sociale studiato da parte del ricercatore. Questo metodo \u00E8 stato reso celebre da Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski ed \u00E8 divenuto fondamentale per le scienze etnoantropologiche."@it . 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\u03C4\u03C1\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u0399\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2: \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B1\u03B8\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B8\u03B1 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2\u00BB. \u0391\u03C1\u03B3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B7 \u03BC\u03AD\u03B8\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B8\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03AF\u03B4\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0392\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 , \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 Franz Boas \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 Chicago school of sociology."@el . "La es una t\u00E9cnica de recolecci\u00F3n de datos. Es una t\u00E9cnica ampliamente utilizada en muchas disciplinas (sociolog\u00EDa, estudios de comunicaci\u00F3n, ciencia pol\u00EDtica, geograf\u00EDa humana , psicolog\u00EDa social, entre otras). Sin embargo, la antropolog\u00EDa social y cultural ha construido su identidad disciplinaria alrededor de ella, por lo tanto -aunque no \u00FAnica- es su principal t\u00E9cnica de recolecci\u00F3n de datos.\u200B Su objetivo es familiarizarse estrechamente con un determinado grupo de individuos (como un grupo religioso, ocupacional, sub-cultural o una comunidad en particular) y sus pr\u00E1cticas a trav\u00E9s de una participaci\u00F3n intensa con las personas en su entorno cultural, generalmente a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo extendido. Esta t\u00E9cnica, -si bien es cierto \"entr\u00F3 en la antropolog\u00EDa como un trasplante de"@es . "Teilnehmende Beobachtung"@de . "Participerende observatie is een onderzoeksmethode waarbij de onderzoeker probeert een nauwe band op te bouwen met een groep of individu. Deze methode wordt vooral beoefend binnen de antropologie. De methode bestaat uit het meedoen (participatie) met allerlei dagelijkse activiteiten in de natuurlijke omgeving van de onderzochten. Het is ontstaan door het veldwerk van Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski en Franz Boas."@nl . . . . "L'observaci\u00F3 participant \u00E9s un m\u00E8tode de utilitzat en les ci\u00E8ncies socials, principalment per l'antropologia cultural, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 per part de la sociologia, els estudis de comunicaci\u00F3 i la psicologia social. Consisteix que l'investigador interaccioni amb els investigats (o informants) en el context propi d'aquests, compartint-ne l'experi\u00E8ncia quotidiana, alhora que es recullen dades de manera sistem\u00E0tica i no intrusiva. Durant el proc\u00E9s de recerca l'investigador passa a formar part del grup estudiat, ha de ser acceptat per aquest i ha de negociar socialment la seva posici\u00F3 i participaci\u00F3."@ca . . . . . "Deltagande observation \u00E4r en kvalitativ metod f\u00F6r beteendeobservation. Den anv\u00E4nds inom samh\u00E4llsvetenskaper som antropologi, etnologi, folkloristik, sociologi och genusvetenskap. Metoden utvecklades i b\u00F6rjan av 1900-talet av socialantropologen Bronislaw Malinowski i syfte att studera vad man d\u00E5 kallade primitiva samh\u00E4llen. Metoden associeras numera med Chicagoskolan inom sociologi. Metoden inneb\u00E4r att observat\u00F6ren ing\u00E5r i den grupp som ska observeras under f\u00E4ltstudier och f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker delta i dess aktiviteter. Datainsamlingsmetoden \u00E4r informell. Initial analys p\u00E5g\u00E5r redan under sj\u00E4lva observationsprocessen genom att forskaren g\u00F6r reflexiva f\u00E4ltanteckningar, det vill s\u00E4ga dokumenterar sina personliga intryck, tolkningar, tankar och k\u00E4nslor inf\u00F6r gruppens beteende och reflekterar \u00F6ver sin partiskhet och p\u00E5verkan p\u00E5 gruppens beteende. Observat\u00F6rens egna erfarenheter och beskrivning av sin subjektivitet \u00E4r s\u00E5ledes m\u00E4tinstrumentet. Observationsfasen f\u00F6ljs av en analysfas d\u00E5 \u00E5terkommande teman identifieras i dokumentationen, eller en sammanh\u00E4ngande ber\u00E4ttelse sammanst\u00E4lls."@sv . . . . . "1114565287"^^ . . "\u53C2\u4E0E\u89B3\u5BDF\uFF08\u3055\u3093\u3088\u304B\u3093\u3055\u3064\u3001\u82F1: participant observation\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5B9A\u6027\u7684\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u8ABF\u67FB\u6CD5\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3002\u53C2\u4E0E\u89B3\u5BDF\u6CD5\u3002"@ja . 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"Teilnehmende Beobachtung bezeichnet eine Methode der Feldforschung in den Sozialwissenschaften. Sie strebt an, durch besondere N\u00E4he zum Objekt Erkenntnisse \u00FCber das Handeln, das Verhalten oder die Auswirkungen des Verhaltens von einzelnen Personen oder einer Gruppe von Personen zu gewinnen."@de . . . . . . "\u0412\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F"@uk . . . . . "\uCC38\uC5EC \uAD00\uCC30\uC740 \uC9C8\uC801 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC640 \uBBFC\uC871\uC9C0\uD559\uC5D0 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC2E4\uBB34 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uB370\uC774\uD130 \uC218\uC9D1 \uBC29\uBC95\uC758 \uD55C \uC720\uD615\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC720\uD615\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uC740 \uB9CE\uC740 \uBD84\uC57C, \uD2B9\uD788 \uC778\uB958\uD559(\uBB38\uD654\uC778\uB958\uD559\uACFC \uC720\uB7FD \uBBFC\uC871\uD559 \uD3EC\uD568), \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559(\uBB38\uD654\uC640 \uBB38\uD654 \uBC94\uC8C4\uD559\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559 \uD3EC\uD568), \uCEE4\uBBA4\uB2C8\uCF00\uC774\uC158 \uC5F0\uAD6C, \uC778\uC801 \uC9C0\uB9AC \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC758 \uBAA9\uC801\uC740 \uB300\uAC1C \uC624\uB79C \uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548, \uBB38\uD654 \uD658\uACBD\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uACFC\uC758 \uC9D1\uC911\uC801\uC778 \uCC38\uC5EC\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574 \uD2B9\uC815 \uADF8\uB8F9\uC758 \uAC1C\uC778\uB4E4\uACFC \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uAD00\uD589\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uAC00\uAE5D\uACE0 \uCE5C\uBC00\uD55C \uCE5C\uBC00\uD55C \uCE5C\uBC00\uAC10\uC744 \uC5BB\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBC29\uBC95\uC740 \uC720\uB7FD\uACFC \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACFC\uD559 \uD0D0\uC0AC \uD56D\uD574\uC640 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uD604\uC7A5 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1800\uB144 \uB3D9\uC548 Joseph Marie\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uBC29\uBC95\uC758 \uC120\uAD6C\uC790 \uC911 \uD558\uB098 \uC778 De G\u00E9rando \uB0A8\uC791\uC740 \uC774\uBBF8 \uB2E4\uC74C\uACFC \uAC19\uC774 \uB2E8\uC5B8\uD588\uB2E4. \"\uC778\uB514\uC5B8\uC744 \uC54C\uC544\uAC00\uB294 \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uBC29\uBC95\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4 \uC911 \uD55C \uBA85\uC774 \uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \"\uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uBC30\uC6B0\uBA74\uC11C \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB294 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uB3D9\uB8CC \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC774 \uB420 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \"\uB3D9\uB8CC \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC774 \uB418\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624. \" \uB098\uC911\uC5D0, \uC774 \uBC29\uBC95\uC740 Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski\uC640 \uADF8\uC758 \uC601\uAD6D \uD559\uC0DD\uB4E4; \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 Franz Boas \uD559\uC0DD\uB4E4; \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uD6C4\uC5D0 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uCE74\uACE0 \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559 \uD559\uAD50\uC758 \uD559\uC0DD\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uB300\uC911\uD654 \uB420 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Observaci\u00F3 participant"@ca . "La es una t\u00E9cnica de recolecci\u00F3n de datos. Es una t\u00E9cnica ampliamente utilizada en muchas disciplinas (sociolog\u00EDa, estudios de comunicaci\u00F3n, ciencia pol\u00EDtica, geograf\u00EDa humana , psicolog\u00EDa social, entre otras). Sin embargo, la antropolog\u00EDa social y cultural ha construido su identidad disciplinaria alrededor de ella, por lo tanto -aunque no \u00FAnica- es su principal t\u00E9cnica de recolecci\u00F3n de datos.\u200B Su objetivo es familiarizarse estrechamente con un determinado grupo de individuos (como un grupo religioso, ocupacional, sub-cultural o una comunidad en particular) y sus pr\u00E1cticas a trav\u00E9s de una participaci\u00F3n intensa con las personas en su entorno cultural, generalmente a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo extendido. Esta t\u00E9cnica, -si bien es cierto \"entr\u00F3 en la antropolog\u00EDa como un trasplante de la 'observaci\u00F3n naturalista' de los zo\u00F3logos\"-\u200B, adquiere su actual forma a partir del trabajo de campo realizado por el antrop\u00F3logo brit\u00E1nico, Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski en las Islas Trobriand."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "M\u00E9thode d'observation participante"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u03A3\u03C5\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7"@el . . "Participerende observatie is een onderzoeksmethode waarbij de onderzoeker probeert een nauwe band op te bouwen met een groep of individu. Deze methode wordt vooral beoefend binnen de antropologie. De methode bestaat uit het meedoen (participatie) met allerlei dagelijkse activiteiten in de natuurlijke omgeving van de onderzochten. Het is ontstaan door het veldwerk van Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski en Franz Boas."@nl . . 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"Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography. This type of methodology is employed in many disciplines, particularly anthropology (incl. cultural anthropology and European ethnology), sociology (incl. sociology of culture and cultural criminology), communication studies, human geography, and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, youth group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The method originated in the field research linked to European and American voyages of scientific exploration. During the year 1800, one of precursors of the method as Joseph Marie, baron de G\u00E9rando already affirming that: \"The first way to get to know the Indians is to become like one of them; and it is by learning their language that we will become their fellow citizens.\" Later, the method would be popularized by Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski and his students in Britain; the students of Franz Boas in the United States; and, in the later urban research, the students of the Chicago school of sociology."@en . . "Participant observation"@en .