. . . . "Een wapenpas is een vorm van ridderlijk steekspel."@nl . . . . . . "Pas d'armes"@it . . . . . . . . "Le pas d'armes est un sport m\u00E9di\u00E9val de chevalerie. Au XVe si\u00E8cle se d\u00E9veloppe dans plusieurs cours europ\u00E9ennes une mani\u00E8re originale de combattre courtoisement d\u00E9nomm\u00E9e \u00AB pas d\u2019armes \u00BB."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Il passo d'arme \u00E8 una usanza basso medievale che riguarda la sfida tra due o pi\u00F9 cavalieri desiderosi di misurarsi per confrontare il proprio coraggio ed il proprio valore. L'origine del nome francese sembra derivi dall'abitudine militare di fare di sentinella ai punti strategici nel confronto tra eserciti (passi tra montagne, ponti, guadi di fiume). Essi hanno perci\u00F2 iniziato anche a far parte della letteratura del periodo, nei cicli epici cavallereschi e d'amor cortese come Il Ciclo Bretone."@it . . . . . . . . "Il passo d'arme \u00E8 una usanza basso medievale che riguarda la sfida tra due o pi\u00F9 cavalieri desiderosi di misurarsi per confrontare il proprio coraggio ed il proprio valore. L'origine del nome francese sembra derivi dall'abitudine militare di fare di sentinella ai punti strategici nel confronto tra eserciti (passi tra montagne, ponti, guadi di fiume). In tali occasioni non si concedeva il passo all'avversario. Resta in italiano una forma linguistica che indica un gesto di cavalleria verso il gentil sesso. Il \"Cavaliere\" infatti \"cede il passo\" solo di fronte alla bellezza e alla gentilezza di una dama. Questi duelli, non necessariamente mortali e non necessariamente tra nemici, assunsero carattere di veri e propri spettacoli strutturati, cui venne successivamente dato il nome di Torneo con uno specifico regolamento da onorare, al punto che ancora oggi questo termine \u00E8 in uso ad indicare una tenzone sportiva. Il cavaliere era spesso un \"Campione\" ovvero il miglior rappresentante di un gruppo o anche semplicemente di una dama di cui si \"portavano i colori\". Questi potevano essere i colori del casato o anche una semplice sciarpa avuta in pegno di stima dalla dama. Essi hanno perci\u00F2 iniziato anche a far parte della letteratura del periodo, nei cicli epici cavallereschi e d'amor cortese come Il Ciclo Bretone. Autori italiani per eccellenza che mettono in poesia passi d'arme sono Torquato Tasso e Ludovico Ariosto. Originariamente nata per il confronto tra nobili in ambito feudale, esso si estese poi in generale a chiunque fosse edotto nel \"mestiere delle armi\". Spesso il passo d'arme era perci\u00F2 esteso pi\u00F9 generalmente anche ai \"Valorosi\", quindi anche a veterani del campo di battaglia, talora nobili decaduti, quali i Capitani di Ventura. Il passo d'arme per eccellenza fa riferimento ad una sfida italo-francese capeggiata proprio da uno di questi Capitani di Ventura, Ettore Fieramosca. Stiamo parlando della celeberrima Disfida di Barletta in cui Ettore ed i suoi valorosi compagni, accusati di codardia, ebbero la meglio sulla compagine francese capeggiata da Monsieur Guy de la Motte."@it . . "Pas d'armes"@ca . . . . . . "Le pas d'armes est un sport m\u00E9di\u00E9val de chevalerie. Au XVe si\u00E8cle se d\u00E9veloppe dans plusieurs cours europ\u00E9ennes une mani\u00E8re originale de combattre courtoisement d\u00E9nomm\u00E9e \u00AB pas d\u2019armes \u00BB."@fr . "The pas d'armes (French pronunciation: \u200B[pa da\u0281m]) or passage of arms was a type of chivalric hastilude that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. It involved a knight or group of knights (tenans or \"holders\") who would stake out a traveled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (venans or \"comers\") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the venan chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way. The origins of pas d'armes can be found in a number of factors. During the 14th and 15th centuries the chivalric idea of a noble knight clashed with new more deadly forms of warfare, as seen during the Hundred Years' War, when peasants armed with longbows could damage and wound knights anonymously from a distance, breaking traditional rules of chivalry; and cavalry charges could be broken by pikemen formations introduced by the Swiss. At the same time, the noble classes began to differentiate themselves, in many ways, including through reading courtly literature such as the very popular chivalric romances of the 12th century. For the noble classes the line between reality and fiction blurred, the deeds they read about were real, while their deeds in reality were often deadly, if not comical, re-enactments of those they read about. This romanticised \"Chivalric Revival\" manifested itself in a number of ways, including the pas d'armes, round table and emprise (or empresa, enterprise, chivalrous adventure), and in increasingly elaborate rules of courtesy and heraldry. There are many thousands of accounts of pas d'armes during this period. One notable and special account is that of Suero de Qui\u00F1ones, who in 1434 established the Passo Honroso (\"Pass[age] of Honour\") at the \u00D3rbigo bridge in the Kingdom of Le\u00F3n (today's Castile and Le\u00F3n in Spain). This road was used by pilgrims from all over Europe on the way to shrine at Santiago de Compostela. Suero and ten knights promised to \"break 300 lances\" before relinquishing the pas d'armes, jousting for over a month, as chronicled in great detail by town notary Don Luis Alonso Luengo, later published as Libro del Passo honroso. After 166 battles, de Qui\u00F1ones and his men were so injured they could not continue and declared the mission complete. Suero de Qui\u00F1ones became legendary, and was mentioned in Don Quixote, the 1605 satire on the notion of romantic chivalry out of touch with reality."@en . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043C"@ru . "A l'edat mitjana, el pas d'armes era una manifestaci\u00F3 molt vistosa de la cavalleria que consistia, b\u00E0sicament, en el seg\u00FCent: un cavaller, anomenat el \"mantenidor\" del pas, se situava en un lloc estrat\u00E8gic, que havia de ser molt concorregut, com ara un cam\u00ED, o un pont. Palplantat all\u00E0, ben armat, prohibia el pas a tots els cavallers que s'hi presentaven, anomenats \"aventurers\". Abans de comen\u00E7ar, per\u00F2, el mantenidor del pas s'havia assegurat de difondre'l per tot arreu, de manera que la propaganda hi atrauria molts cavallers que desitjaven viure aventures i guanyar fama. El manteniment del pas acostumava a durar for\u00E7a dies o fins i tot mesos, durant els quals s'havien de trencar un nombre determinat de llances o de disputar unes quantes batalles, tal com havia quedat fixat abans en els cap"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pas d'armes"@en . . . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043C (\u0444\u0440. Pas d'armes) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 XV \u2014 XVI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . "The pas d'armes (French pronunciation: \u200B[pa da\u0281m]) or passage of arms was a type of chivalric hastilude that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. It involved a knight or group of knights (tenans or \"holders\") who would stake out a traveled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (venans or \"comers\") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the venan chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way."@en . . . "A l'edat mitjana, el pas d'armes era una manifestaci\u00F3 molt vistosa de la cavalleria que consistia, b\u00E0sicament, en el seg\u00FCent: un cavaller, anomenat el \"mantenidor\" del pas, se situava en un lloc estrat\u00E8gic, que havia de ser molt concorregut, com ara un cam\u00ED, o un pont. Palplantat all\u00E0, ben armat, prohibia el pas a tots els cavallers que s'hi presentaven, anomenats \"aventurers\". Abans de comen\u00E7ar, per\u00F2, el mantenidor del pas s'havia assegurat de difondre'l per tot arreu, de manera que la propaganda hi atrauria molts cavallers que desitjaven viure aventures i guanyar fama. El manteniment del pas acostumava a durar for\u00E7a dies o fins i tot mesos, durant els quals s'havien de trencar un nombre determinat de llances o de disputar unes quantes batalles, tal com havia quedat fixat abans en els cap\u00EDtols del pas en q\u00FCesti\u00F3. Uns dels passos d'armes m\u00E9s famosos del segle xv s\u00F3n el Passo Honroso de Suero de Qui\u00F1ones, el Pas de la Fontaine des Pleurs o el Pas du Pin aux Pommes d'Or, celebrat a Barcelona."@ca . . . "1535641"^^ . . . . "1104530408"^^ . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043C (\u0444\u0440. Pas d'armes) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 XV \u2014 XVI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . . . . . . "Een wapenpas is een vorm van ridderlijk steekspel."@nl . . "Wapenpas"@nl . . "6765"^^ . . . . "Pas d'armes"@fr . .