. . "Geopol\u00EDtica do petr\u00F3leo \u00E9 o campo multidisciplinar do conhecimento cujo objeto \u00E9 a disputa de poder em torno do petr\u00F3leo ao redor do mundo."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Geopol\u00EDtica do petr\u00F3leo"@pt . . . . . . . "La g\u00E9opolitique du p\u00E9trole s'attache \u00E0 la description et \u00E0 l'analyse des rivalit\u00E9s entre \u00C9tats au sujet du contr\u00F4le de zones p\u00E9trolif\u00E8res, \u00E0 la protection de l'acheminement du p\u00E9trole, et \u00E0 la fixation des prix. L'importance du p\u00E9trole est li\u00E9e \u00E0 son caract\u00E8re essentiel dans le mode de vie des pays d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s et des pays \u00E9mergents. Les tensions autour du p\u00E9trole sont li\u00E9es \u00E0 plusieurs facteurs. Les gisements de p\u00E9trole sont limit\u00E9s, et la quantit\u00E9 de p\u00E9trole encore disponible \u00E0 un prix qui assure la rentabilit\u00E9 de l'extraction est inconnue. Aussi, l'emplacement g\u00E9ographique des gisements ne co\u00EFncide g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement pas avec celui des pays consommateurs, ce qui rend l'exploitation et l'acheminement compliqu\u00E9. Les pays consommateurs, g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de grandes puissances militaires, sont alors tent\u00E9s d'employer des moyens de pression puissants (militaires ou \u00E9conomiques) pour avoir acc\u00E8s \u00E0 ces ressources. Le p\u00E9trole, mati\u00E8re hautement strat\u00E9gique, est fr\u00E9quemment associ\u00E9 aux affrontements internationaux depuis le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle. Il est ainsi possible de faire une histoire de la g\u00E9opolitique du p\u00E9trole."@fr . "La g\u00E9opolitique du p\u00E9trole s'attache \u00E0 la description et \u00E0 l'analyse des rivalit\u00E9s entre \u00C9tats au sujet du contr\u00F4le de zones p\u00E9trolif\u00E8res, \u00E0 la protection de l'acheminement du p\u00E9trole, et \u00E0 la fixation des prix. L'importance du p\u00E9trole est li\u00E9e \u00E0 son caract\u00E8re essentiel dans le mode de vie des pays d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s et des pays \u00E9mergents."@fr . "Geopol\u00EDtica del petr\u00F3leo"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Petroleum politics"@en . "Petroleum politics have been an increasingly important aspect of diplomacy since the rise of the petroleum industry in the Middle East in the early 20th century. As competition continues for a vital resource, the strategic calculations of major and minor countries alike place prominent emphasis on the pumping, refining, transport, sale and use of petroleum products."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064A\u0629"@ar . "40959"^^ . . . . . "La geopol\u00EDtica petrolera est\u00E1 \u00EDntimamente vinculada a la percepci\u00F3n del pico petrolero por las grandes potencias, lo que incluye la conciencia de los l\u00EDmites geol\u00F3gicos del recurso. Durante el siglo XX, las motivaciones fueron diferentes, teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza pol\u00EDtica de las dos primeras crisis energ\u00E9ticas. En cierto modo, el tema es crucial ya que a la vez internacional y multinacional:"@es . . . . . "950191"^^ . . . . . . "\u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u064A\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062A\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0633\u064A\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0644\u0648\u062D\u0638 \u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A, \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631, \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0647\u0627. \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0627 \u0644\u062C\u0623\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631 \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0647\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124335823"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Geopol\u00EDtica do petr\u00F3leo \u00E9 o campo multidisciplinar do conhecimento cujo objeto \u00E9 a disputa de poder em torno do petr\u00F3leo ao redor do mundo."@pt . . . . . . . "Petroleum politics have been an increasingly important aspect of diplomacy since the rise of the petroleum industry in the Middle East in the early 20th century. As competition continues for a vital resource, the strategic calculations of major and minor countries alike place prominent emphasis on the pumping, refining, transport, sale and use of petroleum products."@en . . . . . "La geopol\u00EDtica petrolera est\u00E1 \u00EDntimamente vinculada a la percepci\u00F3n del pico petrolero por las grandes potencias, lo que incluye la conciencia de los l\u00EDmites geol\u00F3gicos del recurso. Durante el siglo XX, las motivaciones fueron diferentes, teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza pol\u00EDtica de las dos primeras crisis energ\u00E9ticas. En cierto modo, el tema es crucial ya que a la vez internacional y multinacional: \n* Es inherente a las relaciones internacionales desde que los esfuerzos de prospecci\u00F3n llevados durante los finales del siglo XIX revelaron yacimientos maravillosos en Oriente Medio.[cita requerida] \n* La econom\u00EDa mundial (cinco compa\u00F1\u00EDas petroleras figuran entre el top 10 a nivel mundial),\u200B est\u00E1 atada en lo sucesivo a la suerte de las compa\u00F1\u00EDas multinacionales que colocaron sus intereses que concern\u00EDan al oro negro en competencia.[cita requerida] Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de los objetivos, la reactivaci\u00F3n de El Gran Juego regional no escapa de la elaboraci\u00F3n de teor\u00EDas de complot que concierne al maquiavelismo probado o no, de los actores internacionales encargados del aprovisionamiento petrolero.[cita requerida]"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u064A\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062A\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0633\u064A\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0644\u0648\u062D\u0638 \u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A, \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631, \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0647\u0627. \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0627 \u0644\u062C\u0623\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631 \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0647\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647. \n* \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 21 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0627(\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0644\u0629 TIME \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0639\u062F\u062F \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 2011). \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062D\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060C \u0641\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0639\u062F\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0648\u0635\u0644 5\u06489 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062D\u0648 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005. \u0646\u0633\u062A\u0637\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 75% \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0629 21 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0627 (\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A)."@ar . . . . . "G\u00E9opolitique du p\u00E9trole"@fr . .