. . . . . . "Fronteres planet\u00E0ries (planetary boundaries en angl\u00E8s) \u00E9s un marc conceptual que avalua l'estat de nou processos fonamentals per a l'estabilitat del sistema Terra i suggereix una s\u00E8rie de llindars per a aquests processos que, en cas de ser superats, poden posar en perill l'habitabilitat del planeta per la nostra civilitzaci\u00F3. Aquest concepte va ser proposat l'any 2009 per un grup de 28 cient\u00EDfics internacionals liderats per del (SRC) i , de l'Australian National University. L'objectiu d'aquests cient\u00EDfics era definir un \"espai d'actuaci\u00F3 segur per al desenvolupament hum\u00E0\" que pogu\u00E9s ser utilitzat pels governs de tots els nivells, les organitzacions internacionals, la societat civil, el sector privat i la comunitat cient\u00EDfica. El concepte de les fronteres planet\u00E0ries ha ocupat portades i "@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "Fronteiras planet\u00E1rias"@pt . . . . . "Planet\u00E1rn\u00ED meze (anglicky: planetary boundaries) je koncepce, kterou formuloval Johan Rockstr\u00F6m se sv\u00FDmi spolupracovn\u00EDky ze Stockholmsk\u00E9ho \u00FAstavu pro v\u00FDzkum odolnosti (Stockholm Resilience Centre) v r. 2009. Z\u00E1kladn\u00ED \u010Dl\u00E1nek v \u010Dasopise Nature m\u00E1 titul \u201EBezpe\u010Dn\u00FD prostor pro lidsk\u00E9 aktivity\u201C (A Safe Operating Space for Humanity). Tento \u201Ebezpe\u010Dn\u00FD prostor\u201C je vymezen pr\u00E1v\u011B planet\u00E1rn\u00EDmi mezemi. Lidsk\u00E1 \u010Dinnost p\u0159itom za\u010Dala v antropoc\u00E9nu prudce kulminovat a n\u011Bkter\u00E9 meze ji\u017E p\u0159ekro\u010Dila. Auto\u0159i t\u00E9to koncepce identifikovali 9 mez\u00ED, v jejich\u017E r\u00E1mci by se m\u011Bli antropogenn\u00ED aktivity dr\u017Eet, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo devastac\u00EDm ekosyst\u00E9m\u016F, omezov\u00E1n\u00ED ekosyst\u00E9mov\u00FDch slu\u017Eeb a z\u00E1va\u017En\u00FDm ekologick\u00FDm katastrof\u00E1m. Pro 7 t\u011Bchto mez\u00ED byly stanoveny indik\u00E1tory a navr\u017Eeny p\u0159\u00EDpustn\u00E9 hranice, pro 2 z nich (atmosf\u00E9rick\u00FD aerosol a chemick\u00E1 kontaminace) navr\u017Een\u00E9 nejsou, vzhledem k problemati\u010Dnosti jejich vymezen\u00ED. Auto\u0159i soud\u00ED, \u017Ee v\u00EDce ne\u017E polovina mez\u00ED ji\u017E byla p\u0159ekro\u010Dena: zm\u011Bna klimatu, biogeochemick\u00E9 toky dus\u00EDku a fosforu, ztr\u00E1ta biodiverzity, vyu\u017Eit\u00ED \u00FAzem\u00ED a chemick\u00E1 kontaminace. Ve v\u0161ech t\u011Bchto p\u0159\u00EDpadech lidstvo ji\u017E p\u0159ekro\u010Dilo hodnoty, kter\u00E9 jsou pova\u017Eov\u00E1ny za bezpe\u010Dn\u00E9. Teorie planet\u00E1rn\u00EDch mez\u00ED p\u0159in\u00E1\u0161\u00ED nov\u00FD prvek do diskuse o udr\u017Eiteln\u00E9m rozvoji, v jej\u00ED perspektiv\u011B je: udr\u017Eiteln\u00FD rozvoj takov\u00FD zp\u016Fsob rozvoje, kter\u00FD vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 environment\u00E1ln\u011B bezpe\u010Dn\u00E9ho opera\u010Dn\u00EDho prostoru vymezen\u00E9ho planet\u00E1rn\u00EDmi mezemi. Mimo jin\u00E9 by to mohlo znamenat p\u0159ekro\u010Den\u00ED dlouh\u00E9 a neuzav\u0159en\u00E9 debaty o tom, zda je mo\u017Eno dos\u00E1hnout udr\u017Eitelnosti rozvoje za podm\u00EDnky hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9ho r\u016Fstu. Ekonomick\u00FD r\u016Fst kritizuj\u00ED i p\u0159edstavitel\u00E9 \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00E9ho klubu, kte\u0159\u00ED v roce 1972 p\u0159edstavili publikaci \"Meze r\u016Fstu\", kde ur\u010Dovaly politickou agendu v glob\u00E1ln\u00EDm i lok\u00E1ln\u00EDm m\u011B\u0159\u00EDtku. V knize p\u0159edpov\u011Bd\u011Bli kolaps v d\u016Fsledku vy\u010Derp\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00EDch zdroj\u016F, kter\u00FD lze o\u010Dek\u00E1vat, pokud se nezm\u011Bn\u00ED fungov\u00E1n\u00ED ekonomiky zalo\u017Een\u00E9 na fosiln\u00EDch palivech. Sc\u00E9n\u00E1\u0159e business as usual se pomalu napl\u0148uj\u00ED a jen k mal\u00FDm zm\u011Bn\u00E1m naru\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00EDm sou\u010Dasn\u00FD status quo doch\u00E1z\u00ED nap\u0159\u00EDklad d\u00EDky rozvoji obnoviteln\u00E9 energie. V jubilejn\u00ED zpr\u00E1v\u011B \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00FD klub nap\u0159\u00EDklad krom\u011B kritiky kapitalismu, odm\u00EDt\u00E1n\u00ED materialismu, vyz\u00FDv\u00E1 k ekonomick\u00E9 alternativ\u011B. D\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E9 je nejen udr\u017Eet se uvnit\u0159 planet\u00E1rn\u00EDch mez\u00ED, ale u\u017E \u017E\u00E1dnou z nich nep\u0159ekro\u010Dit. P\u0159ekro\u010Den\u00ED jedn\u00E9 nebo v\u00EDce mez\u00ED planety m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt velmi \u0161kodliv\u00E9, dokonce katastrofick\u00E9, kv\u016Fli riziku p\u0159ekro\u010Den\u00ED prahov\u00FDch hodnot, kter\u00E9 zp\u016Fsobuj\u00ED neline\u00E1rn\u00ED, n\u00E1hl\u00E9 zm\u011Bny prost\u0159ed\u00ED v r\u00E1mci syst\u00E9m\u016F kontinent\u00E1ln\u00EDho a\u017E planet\u00E1rn\u00EDho rozsahu. Tato koncepce je zat\u00EDm teprve na za\u010D\u00E1tku v\u00E1\u017En\u00E9 a \u0161irok\u00E9 diskuse, jsou jen nazna\u010Den\u00E9 z\u00E1kladn\u00ED principy. Kl\u00ED\u010Dov\u00E9 je ur\u010Dit\u011B stanoven\u00ED pot\u0159ebn\u00FDch indik\u00E1tor\u016F a od nich odvozen\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F, v\u010Detn\u011B \u010Dasov\u00E9ho ur\u010Den\u00ED; proto\u017Ee jde o glob\u00E1ln\u00ED z\u00E1le\u017Eitost, p\u0159edpokl\u00E1dalo by to glob\u00E1ln\u00ED konsensus potvrzen mezin\u00E1rodn\u00EDmi dohodami. To u\u017E nen\u00ED z\u00E1le\u017Eitost jen v\u011Bdeck\u00E9 komunity, ale \u0161irok\u00E9ho mezin\u00E1rodn\u00EDho procesu. Povzbudiv\u00E9 je, \u017Ee v jednom p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B se tento proces ji\u017E poda\u0159ilo \u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u011B dokon\u010Dit (ochrana ozonov\u00E9 vrstvy Zem\u011B) a v n\u011Bkolika dal\u0161\u00EDch p\u0159\u00EDpadech prob\u00EDh\u00E1, a\u010Dkoliv zat\u00EDm jen d\u00EDl\u010D\u00EDm zp\u016Fsobem a s ne p\u0159\u00EDli\u0161 viditeln\u00FDmi v\u00FDsledky (zm\u011Bna klimatu, ztr\u00E1ta biodiverzity, chemick\u00E1 kontaminace). Existuj\u00ED tak\u00E9 n\u00E1vrhy, aby se soubor mez\u00ED je\u0161t\u011B roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159il, byla navr\u017Eena 10. mez, kter\u00E1 by zahrnovala celkovou biologickou produkci pevninsk\u00FDch ekosyst\u00E9m\u016F. P\u0159ekro\u010Den\u00ED hranic nen\u00ED okam\u017Eit\u00E1 z\u00E1le\u017Eitost, jedn\u00E1 se o dlouh\u00E9 \u010Dasov\u00E9 procesy, ale ve chv\u00EDli kdy se dos\u00E1hne bodu zvratu (tipping point) st\u00E1vaj\u00ED se najednou rychl\u00E9 zm\u011Bny. V\u011Bt\u0161ina mez\u00ED se vyzna\u010Duje pomal\u00FDm v\u00FDvojem, ale n\u011Bkter\u00E9 z nich obsahuj\u00ED tipping points (jsou to procesy zm\u011Bny klimatu, cykly fosforu a dus\u00EDku, stratosf\u00E9rick\u00FD oz\u00F3n, acidifikace oce\u00E1nu, nen\u00ED vylou\u010Deno, \u017Ee se to t\u00FDk\u00E1 i vyu\u017Eit\u00ED sladk\u00E9 vody)."@cs . . "Planetens gr\u00E4nser"@sv . . . . . . "Planetens gr\u00E4nser \u00E4r ett ramverk f\u00F6r h\u00E5llbar utveckling utformat av en forskargrupp med ledning av Johan Rockstr\u00F6m vid Stockholm Resilience Centre. Forskargruppen menar att det finns nio olika milj\u00F6problem som vart och ett har ett eget gr\u00E4nsv\u00E4rde. Om detta gr\u00E4nsv\u00E4rde \u00F6verskrids kan det leda till o\u00F6versk\u00E5dliga milj\u00F6effekter p\u00E5 grund av tr\u00F6skeleffekter som uppst\u00E5r. Forskningens resultat har presenterats i tidskriften Nature den 24 september 2009. Den mest \u00F6verskridna planet\u00E4ra gr\u00E4nsen \u00E4r biologisk m\u00E5ngfald, d\u00E5 arter utrotas i onaturligt h\u00F6g hastighet, som f\u00F6ljd av m\u00E4nsklig aktivitet. Vi lever idag i det sj\u00E4tte massutd\u00F6endet, f\u00F6reg\u00E5nget av utrotningen av dinosaurierna f\u00F6r cirka 60 miljoner \u00E5r sedan. Skillnaden \u00E4r att det massutd\u00F6ende vi ser idag \u00E4r orsakat av m\u00E4nsklig aktivitet snarare \u00E4n en "@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120(planetary boundaries)\uC740 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uC9C0\uC18D\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uBC18\uB4DC\uC2DC \uBCF4\uC874\uD574\uC57C \uD558\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED\uB4E4\uC744 \uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC81C\uC2DC\uD55C \uAC1C\uB150\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74, \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uD558\uB098 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC744 \uCE68\uBC94\uD560 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE30\uD558\uAE09\uC218\uC801\uC778 \uD658\uACBD \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uAC8C \uB418\uC5B4 \uB300\uB959 \uB610\uB294 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uAC8C \uB418\uBA70, \uC774\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC7AC\uC559\uC801\uC778 \uACB0\uACFC\uAC00 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0A0 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC758 \uAE30\uC900\uC740 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC758 \uD658\uACBD\uC5D0 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uBBF8\uCE58\uB294 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uD1A0\uB300\uB85C \uC791\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85 \uC774\uD6C4\uB85C \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC774 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC758 \uD658\uACBD\uBCC0\uD654\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uCE58\uB294 \uC601\uD5A5\uC758 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4\uB294 \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC774 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784 \uC81C\uC2DC\uC758 \uC2DC\uBC1C\uC810\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 2009\uB144 \uC694\uD55C \uB85D\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB86C\uACFC \uC70C \uC2A4\uD14C\uD310\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uD658\uACBD\uACFC\uD559\uC790, \uC9C0\uAD6C\uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uCC98\uC74C \uC81C\uC548\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uC9C0\uC18D\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uC804\uC138\uACC4 \uAC01\uAD6D\uC758 \uC815\uBD80, \uAD6D\uC81C\uAE30\uAD6C, \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC0AC\uD68C, \uACFC\uD559\uACC4, \uBBFC\uAC04 \uBD80\uBB38\uC774 \uC9C0\uCF1C\uC57C \uD560 \uD544\uC218 \uC804\uC81C\uC870\uAC74\uC744 \uC815\uC758\uD558\uACE0\uC790 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC778\uB958\uAC00 \uB118\uC9C0 \uB9D0\uC544\uC57C \uD560 \uACBD\uACC4\uC120\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC778\uB958\uAC00 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC548\uC804\uD558\uAC8C \uC774\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784\uC774 \uC81C\uC2DC\uB41C 2009\uB144\uC744 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C, \uCD1D 9\uAC1C\uC758 \uD55C\uACC4\uC120 \uC911 2\uAC1C\uAC00 \uC774\uBBF8 \uCE68\uBC94\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uB2E4\uB978 \uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uB4E4 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uBB34\uB108\uC9C8 \uC704\uD5D8\uC131\uC5D0 \uCC98\uD574\uC788\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Los l\u00EDmites planetarios o fronteras planetarias (en ingl\u00E9s: planetary boundaries) son un marco conceptual que eval\u00FAa el estado de 9 procesos fundamentales para la estabilidad del sistema Tierra y sugiere una serie de umbrales para estos procesos que, en caso de ser superados, pueden poner en peligro la habitabilidad del planeta. Los nueve l\u00EDmites planetarios son:"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als planetare Grenzen (auch planetarische Grenzen, oder Belastungsgrenzen der Erde; englisch planetary boundaries) werden \u00F6kologische Grenzen der Erde bezeichnet, deren \u00DCberschreitung die Stabilit\u00E4t des \u00D6kosystems der Erde und damit die Lebensgrundlagen der Menschheit gef\u00E4hrdet. Derzeit werden zumeist neun planetare Grenzen diskutiert, die einen sicheren Handlungsspielraum f\u00FCr die Menschheit festlegen sollen, von denen mehrere jedoch bereits \u00FCberschritten sind. Im April 2022 deutete eine Neubewertung bspw. auf eine \u00DCberschreitung der Grenze f\u00FCr S\u00FC\u00DFwasser."@de . . . . "SieN0IrZ5wg"@en . . . "Los l\u00EDmites planetarios o fronteras planetarias (en ingl\u00E9s: planetary boundaries) son un marco conceptual que eval\u00FAa el estado de 9 procesos fundamentales para la estabilidad del sistema Tierra y sugiere una serie de umbrales para estos procesos que, en caso de ser superados, pueden poner en peligro la habitabilidad del planeta. Los nueve l\u00EDmites planetarios son: \n* Crisis clim\u00E1tica. \n* Acidificaci\u00F3n de los oc\u00E9anos. \n* Agujero de ozono. \n* Ciclo del nitr\u00F3geno y f\u00F3sforo. \n* Uso del agua. \n* Deforestaci\u00F3n y otros cambios de uso del suelo. \n* P\u00E9rdida de biodiversidad. \n* Contaminaci\u00F3n de part\u00EDculas de la atm\u00F3sfera. \n* Contaminaci\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica. Este concepto fue propuesto en 2009 por un grupo de 28 cient\u00EDficos internacionales liderados por del (SRC) y , de la Australian National University.\u200B El objetivo de estos cient\u00EDficos era definir un \"espacio de actuaci\u00F3n seguro para el desarrollo humano\" que pudiera ser utilizado por los gobiernos de todos los niveles, las organizaciones internacionales, la sociedad civil, el sector privado y la comunidad cient\u00EDfica. El concepto de las fronteras planetarias ha ocupado p\u00E1ginas destacadas de revistas cient\u00EDficas prestigiosas como Nature\u200B o Science\u200B y se ha convertido en un marco conceptual de referencia, que actualmente es utilizado por organismos como la ONU\u200B o el Foro econ\u00F3mico mundial de Davos.\u200B"@es . "\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\uFF08\u82F1: Planetary boundaries\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u304C\u751F\u5B58\u3067\u304D\u308B\u5B89\u5168\u306A\u6D3B\u52D5\u9818\u57DF\u3068\u305D\u306E\u9650\u754C\u70B9\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u6982\u5FF5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5730\u7403\u306E\u9650\u754C\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u60D1\u661F\u9650\u754C\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u5B89\u5168\u57DF\u3084\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3092\u793A\u3059\u9650\u754C\u5024\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B9\u3064\u306E\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4EBA\u9593\u6D3B\u52D5\u304C\u9650\u754C\u5024\u3092\u8D85\u3048\u305F\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5730\u7403\u74B0\u5883\u306B\u4E0D\u53EF\u9006\u7684\u306A\u5909\u5316\u304C\u6025\u6FC0\u306B\u8D77\u304D\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5B9A\u91CF\u5316\u3067\u304D\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3082\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304F\u653F\u7B56\u63D0\u6848\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u6301\u7D9A\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u958B\u767A\u76EE\u6A19\uFF08SDGs\uFF09\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u306B\u3082\u63A1\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u63D0\u5531\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30E8\u30CF\u30F3\u30FB\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30FC\u30E0\u306F\u3001\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u304C\u4EBA\u985E\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5927\u60E8\u4E8B\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305F\u3081\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3060\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u5D16\u9053\u306B\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u30AC\u30FC\u30C9\u30EC\u30FC\u30EB\u306B\u305F\u3068\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "right"@en . "Planet\u00E1rn\u00ED meze"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Het begrip planetaire grenzen (van de planeet Aarde) werd in 2009 ge\u00EFntroduceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Nature. De auteurs stellen negen planetaire grenzen vast waarbinnen de mensheid moet navigeren om duurzaam gebruik te kunnen blijven maken van de hulpbronnen van de planeet Aarde. Het concept is gebaseerd op wetenschappelijk bewijs dat menselijk handelen sinds de industri\u00EBle revolutie de belangrijkste oorzaak is van wereldwijde milieudegradatie. Het overschrijden van een of meer planetaire grenzen kan schadelijk of zelfs catastrofaal zijn omdat dit niet-lineaire, abrupte veranderingen in het milieu op continentale of planetaire schaal veroorzaakt. De eerste drie grenzen en grens 8 zijn reeds overschreden (rood), terwijl de planetaire grenzen 3b, 5, 6, en 7 (blauw) spoedig hun grenzen zullen overschrijden. NB: de grenzen staan niet los van elkaar, ze be\u00EFnvloeden elkaar. Zo kan een grote verandering van landgebruik in de Amazone nadelige invloed hebben op zoetwaterhulpbronnen in Tibet. De grens 9 is nog niet gekwantificeerd. Volgens een onderzoek van 14 wetenschappers is de planetaire grens 8 overschreden. Hun bevindingen zijn 18 januari 2022 gepubliceerd in Environmental Science & Technology. Auteurs van het artikel zijn o.a. Patricia Villarubia-G\u00F3mez van het Stockholm Resilience Centre en Bethanie Carney Almroth van de Universiteit van G\u00F6teborg."@nl . . . . . . 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"\uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120(planetary boundaries)\uC740 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uC9C0\uC18D\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uBC18\uB4DC\uC2DC \uBCF4\uC874\uD574\uC57C \uD558\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED\uB4E4\uC744 \uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC81C\uC2DC\uD55C \uAC1C\uB150\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74, \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uD558\uB098 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC744 \uCE68\uBC94\uD560 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE30\uD558\uAE09\uC218\uC801\uC778 \uD658\uACBD \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uAC8C \uB418\uC5B4 \uB300\uB959 \uB610\uB294 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uAC8C \uB418\uBA70, \uC774\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC7AC\uC559\uC801\uC778 \uACB0\uACFC\uAC00 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0A0 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC758 \uAE30\uC900\uC740 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC758 \uD658\uACBD\uC5D0 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uBBF8\uCE58\uB294 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uD1A0\uB300\uB85C \uC791\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85 \uC774\uD6C4\uB85C \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC774 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC758 \uD658\uACBD\uBCC0\uD654\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uCE58\uB294 \uC601\uD5A5\uC758 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4\uB294 \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC774 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784 \uC81C\uC2DC\uC758 \uC2DC\uBC1C\uC810\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 2009\uB144 \uC694\uD55C \uB85D\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB86C\uACFC \uC70C \uC2A4\uD14C\uD310\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uD658\uACBD\uACFC\uD559\uC790, \uC9C0\uAD6C\uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uCC98\uC74C \uC81C\uC548\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uC9C0\uC18D\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uC804\uC138\uACC4 \uAC01\uAD6D\uC758 \uC815\uBD80, \uAD6D\uC81C\uAE30\uAD6C, \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC0AC\uD68C, \uACFC\uD559\uACC4, \uBBFC\uAC04 \uBD80\uBB38\uC774 \uC9C0\uCF1C\uC57C \uD560 \uD544\uC218 \uC804\uC81C\uC870\uAC74\uC744 \uC815\uC758\uD558\uACE0\uC790 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAD6C\uC704\uD5D8\uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC778\uB958\uAC00 \uB118\uC9C0 \uB9D0\uC544\uC57C \uD560 \uACBD\uACC4\uC120\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC778\uB958\uAC00 \uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC548\uC804\uD558\uAC8C \uC774\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784\uC774 \uC81C\uC2DC\uB41C 2009\uB144\uC744 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C, \uCD1D 9\uAC1C\uC758 \uD55C\uACC4\uC120 \uC911 2\uAC1C\uAC00 \uC774\uBBF8 \uCE68\uBC94\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uB2E4\uB978 \uD55C\uACC4\uC120\uB4E4 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uBB34\uB108\uC9C8 \uC704\uD5D8\uC131\uC5D0 \uCC98\uD574\uC788\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . "Granice planetarne"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Planetary boundaries is a concept highlighting human-caused perturbations of Earth systems making them relevant in a way not accommodated by the environmental boundaries separating the three ages within the Holocene epoch. Crossing a planetary boundary comes at the risk of abrupt environmental change. The framework is based on scientific evidence that human actions, especially those of industrialized societies since the Industrial Revolution, have become the main driver of global environmental change. According to the framework, \"transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental-scale to planetary-scale systems.\" The normative component of the framework is that human societies have been able to thrive under the comparatively stable climatic and ecological conditions of the Holocene. To the extent that these Earth system process boundaries have not been crossed, they mark the \u201Csafe zone\u201D for human societies on the planet. The concept has since become influential in the international community (e.g. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development), including governments at all levels, international organizations, civil society and the scientific community. The framework consists of nine global change processes. In 2009, according to Rockstr\u00F6m and others, two boundaries were already crossed, while others were in imminent danger of being crossed. In 2015, several of the scientists in the original group published an update, bringing in new co-authors and new model-based analysis. According to this update, four of the boundaries were crossed: climate change, loss of biosphere integrity, land-system change, altered biogeochemical cycles (phosphorus and nitrogen). The scientists also changed the name of the boundary \"Loss of biodiversity\" to \"Change in biosphere integrity\" to emphasize that not only the number of species but also the functioning of the biosphere as a whole is important for Earth system stability. Similarly, the \"Chemical pollution\" boundary was renamed to \"Introduction of novel entities,\" widening the scope to consider different kinds of human-generated materials that disrupt Earth system processes. In 2022, based on available literature, the introduction of novel entities was concluded to be the 5th transgressed planetary boundary."@en . . . . "Les limites plan\u00E9taires sont les seuils que l'humanit\u00E9 ne devrait pas d\u00E9passer pour ne pas compromettre les conditions favorables dans lesquelles elle a pu se d\u00E9velopper et pour pouvoir durablement vivre dans un \u00E9cosyst\u00E8me s\u00FBr, c\u2019est-\u00E0-dire en \u00E9vitant les modifications brutales et difficilement pr\u00E9visibles de l'environnement plan\u00E9taire. Ce concept a \u00E9t\u00E9 propos\u00E9 par une \u00E9quipe internationale de vingt-six chercheurs et publi\u00E9 en 2009. Il a depuis \u00E9t\u00E9 mis \u00E0 jour par des publications r\u00E9guli\u00E8res."@fr . . . . . . . "left"@en . . . "\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . "Planetens gr\u00E4nser \u00E4r ett ramverk f\u00F6r h\u00E5llbar utveckling utformat av en forskargrupp med ledning av Johan Rockstr\u00F6m vid Stockholm Resilience Centre. Forskargruppen menar att det finns nio olika milj\u00F6problem som vart och ett har ett eget gr\u00E4nsv\u00E4rde. Om detta gr\u00E4nsv\u00E4rde \u00F6verskrids kan det leda till o\u00F6versk\u00E5dliga milj\u00F6effekter p\u00E5 grund av tr\u00F6skeleffekter som uppst\u00E5r. Forskningens resultat har presenterats i tidskriften Nature den 24 september 2009. Den mest \u00F6verskridna planet\u00E4ra gr\u00E4nsen \u00E4r biologisk m\u00E5ngfald, d\u00E5 arter utrotas i onaturligt h\u00F6g hastighet, som f\u00F6ljd av m\u00E4nsklig aktivitet. Vi lever idag i det sj\u00E4tte massutd\u00F6endet, f\u00F6reg\u00E5nget av utrotningen av dinosaurierna f\u00F6r cirka 60 miljoner \u00E5r sedan. Skillnaden \u00E4r att det massutd\u00F6ende vi ser idag \u00E4r orsakat av m\u00E4nsklig aktivitet snarare \u00E4n en naturkatastrof. Global uppv\u00E4rmning hamnar p\u00E5 tredje plats av v\u00E5ra planet\u00E4ra \u00F6verskridna gr\u00E4nser men f\u00E5r trots det st\u00F6rst uppm\u00E4rksamhet av de planet\u00E4ra gr\u00E4nserna."@sv . . . . . . . . "Planet\u00E1rn\u00ED meze (anglicky: planetary boundaries) je koncepce, kterou formuloval Johan Rockstr\u00F6m se sv\u00FDmi spolupracovn\u00EDky ze Stockholmsk\u00E9ho \u00FAstavu pro v\u00FDzkum odolnosti (Stockholm Resilience Centre) v r. 2009. Z\u00E1kladn\u00ED \u010Dl\u00E1nek v \u010Dasopise Nature m\u00E1 titul \u201EBezpe\u010Dn\u00FD prostor pro lidsk\u00E9 aktivity\u201C (A Safe Operating Space for Humanity). Tento \u201Ebezpe\u010Dn\u00FD prostor\u201C je vymezen pr\u00E1v\u011B planet\u00E1rn\u00EDmi mezemi. Lidsk\u00E1 \u010Dinnost p\u0159itom za\u010Dala v antropoc\u00E9nu prudce kulminovat a n\u011Bkter\u00E9 meze ji\u017E p\u0159ekro\u010Dila. Auto\u0159i t\u00E9to koncepce identifikovali 9 mez\u00ED, v jejich\u017E r\u00E1mci by se m\u011Bli antropogenn\u00ED aktivity dr\u017Eet, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo devastac\u00EDm ekosyst\u00E9m\u016F, omezov\u00E1n\u00ED ekosyst\u00E9mov\u00FDch slu\u017Eeb a z\u00E1va\u017En\u00FDm ekologick\u00FDm katastrof\u00E1m. Pro 7 t\u011Bchto mez\u00ED byly stanoveny indik\u00E1tory a navr\u017Eeny p\u0159\u00EDpustn\u00E9 hranice, pro 2 z nich (atmosf\u00E9rick\u00FD aerosol "@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Limites plan\u00E9taires"@fr . . . "24458151"^^ . . . . . "Als planetare Grenzen (auch planetarische Grenzen, oder Belastungsgrenzen der Erde; englisch planetary boundaries) werden \u00F6kologische Grenzen der Erde bezeichnet, deren \u00DCberschreitung die Stabilit\u00E4t des \u00D6kosystems der Erde und damit die Lebensgrundlagen der Menschheit gef\u00E4hrdet. Derzeit werden zumeist neun planetare Grenzen diskutiert, die einen sicheren Handlungsspielraum f\u00FCr die Menschheit festlegen sollen, von denen mehrere jedoch bereits \u00FCberschritten sind. Im April 2022 deutete eine Neubewertung bspw. auf eine \u00DCberschreitung der Grenze f\u00FCr S\u00FC\u00DFwasser. Das Konzept der planetaren Grenzen reiht sich in die Zukunftsszenarien bez\u00FCglich der globalen Umweltver\u00E4nderungen ein. Es wurde urspr\u00FCnglich von einer 28-k\u00F6pfigen Gruppe von Erdsystem- und Umweltwissenschaftlern unter Leitung von Johan Rockstr\u00F6m (Stockholm Resilience Centre) entwickelt und 2009 erstmals ver\u00F6ffentlicht. Zu den Verfassern geh\u00F6ren unter anderem Will Steffen (Australian National University), Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber (Potsdam-Institut f\u00FCr Klimafolgenforschung) und der Nobelpreistr\u00E4ger Paul Crutzen. Die Einhaltung planetarer Grenzen wurde in Teilen bereits von der internationalen Klimapolitik als Ziel \u00FCbernommen, z. B. bei der Zwei-Grad-Klimaschutzleitplanke, um einen Zivilisationskollaps zu verhindern. Es liegt auch dem Hauptgutachten des WBGU von 2011 mit dem Titel Welt im Wandel \u2013 Gesellschaftsvertrag f\u00FCr eine Gro\u00DFe Transformation zugrunde und ist zur Grundlage des Konzepts der Planetary Health geworden. Zusammen mit dem gesellschaftlich notwendigen Fundament (social foundation) bilden die planetaren Grenzen den Kern des von Kate Raworth entwickelten Konzepts der Donut-\u00D6konomie."@de . . . . . . . . . . "Fronteres planet\u00E0ries (planetary boundaries en angl\u00E8s) \u00E9s un marc conceptual que avalua l'estat de nou processos fonamentals per a l'estabilitat del sistema Terra i suggereix una s\u00E8rie de llindars per a aquests processos que, en cas de ser superats, poden posar en perill l'habitabilitat del planeta per la nostra civilitzaci\u00F3. Aquest concepte va ser proposat l'any 2009 per un grup de 28 cient\u00EDfics internacionals liderats per del (SRC) i , de l'Australian National University. L'objectiu d'aquests cient\u00EDfics era definir un \"espai d'actuaci\u00F3 segur per al desenvolupament hum\u00E0\" que pogu\u00E9s ser utilitzat pels governs de tots els nivells, les organitzacions internacionals, la societat civil, el sector privat i la comunitat cient\u00EDfica. El concepte de les fronteres planet\u00E0ries ha ocupat portades i p\u00E0gines destacades de revistes cient\u00EDfiques prestigioses com Nature o Science i ha esdevingut un marc conceptual de refer\u00E8ncia, que actualment \u00E9s emprat per organismes com l'ONU o el F\u00F2rum econ\u00F2mic mundial de Davos. Segons el darrer estudi global, publicat el 2015 a Science, es considerava que dues de les nou fronteres planet\u00E0ries s\u00F3n \"m\u00E9s enll\u00E0 de la zona d'incertesa - alt risc\" (cicles biogeoqu\u00EDmics del nitrogen i el , integritat de la biosfera), dues m\u00E9s s\u00F3n en \"zona d'incertesa - risc creixent\" (canvi clim\u00E0tic i canvi d'), tres estan \"sota el llindar d'incertesa - seguretat\" (acidificaci\u00F3 de l'oce\u00E0, estat de la capa d'oz\u00F3 i \u00FAs d'aigua dol\u00E7a). En aquell moment, per als dos processos mancants ( atmosf\u00E8rics i contaminaci\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica) encara no es van poder determinar les fronteres planet\u00E0ries. Posteriorment, el 2022, la frontera de relacionada amb la contaminaci\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica va ser quantificada en un estudi que va determinar que tamb\u00E9 es trobava \"m\u00E9s enll\u00E0 de la zona d'incertesa - alt risc\". D'aquesta manera, tres de les vuit fronteres quantificades es trobaven en la zona d'alt risc en aquell moment."@ca . . . . "Les limites plan\u00E9taires sont les seuils que l'humanit\u00E9 ne devrait pas d\u00E9passer pour ne pas compromettre les conditions favorables dans lesquelles elle a pu se d\u00E9velopper et pour pouvoir durablement vivre dans un \u00E9cosyst\u00E8me s\u00FBr, c\u2019est-\u00E0-dire en \u00E9vitant les modifications brutales et difficilement pr\u00E9visibles de l'environnement plan\u00E9taire. Ce concept a \u00E9t\u00E9 propos\u00E9 par une \u00E9quipe internationale de vingt-six chercheurs et publi\u00E9 en 2009. Il a depuis \u00E9t\u00E9 mis \u00E0 jour par des publications r\u00E9guli\u00E8res. Il consiste en neuf limites plan\u00E9taires, dont huit sont chiffr\u00E9es par les chercheurs et six sont d\u00E9j\u00E0 franchies. Neuf processus sont retenus comme limites, car ensemble ils remettent en cause la stabilit\u00E9 de la biosph\u00E8re : le changement climatique, l\u2019\u00E9rosion de la biodiversit\u00E9, la perturbation des cycles biog\u00E9ochimiques de l\u2019azote et du phosphore, les changements d'utilisation des sols, l\u2019acidification des oc\u00E9ans, l\u2019utilisation mondiale de l\u2019eau, l\u2019appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone stratosph\u00E9rique, l'introduction d\u2019entit\u00E9s nouvelles dans l\u2019environnement (pollution chimique) et l'augmentation des a\u00E9rosols dans l\u2019atmosph\u00E8re."@fr . . "\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC"@ja . "\u2013"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Planetaire grenzen"@nl . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0456"@uk . . . . . . . . . . "Fronteres planet\u00E0ries"@ca . "In summary, the planetary boundary concept is a very important one, and its proposal should now be followed by discussions of the connections between the various boundaries and of their association with other concepts such as the 'limits to growth'. Importantly, this novel concept highlights the risk of reaching thresholds or tipping points for non-linear or abrupt changes in Earth-system processes. As such, it can help society to reach the agreements required for dealing effectively with existing global environmental threats, such as climate change."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0301\u0436\u0456 \u2014 \u0433\u043B\u043E\u0431\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0456."@uk . . "\u2013 Nobel laureate Mario J. Molina"@en . . . . "Fronteiras planet\u00E1rias \u00E9 o conceito central na estrutura do sistema Terra proposto por um grupo de e ambientalistas liderado por do e da Universidade Nacional da Austr\u00E1lia. Em 2009, o grupo prop\u00F4s para a comunidade internacional, incluindo governos de todos os n\u00EDveis, organiza\u00E7\u00F5es internacionais, sociedade civil, comunidade cient\u00EDfica e setor privado, um quadro de \"fronteiras planet\u00E1rias\" planejado para definir um \"espa\u00E7o operacional seguro para a humanidade\", como uma pr\u00E9-condi\u00E7\u00E3o para o desenvolvimento sustent\u00E1vel. Este quadro \u00E9 baseado em pesquisas cient\u00EDficas que indicam que desde a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Industrial, as a\u00E7\u00F5es humanas t\u00EAm se tornado gradualmente o principal condutor da mudan\u00E7a ambiental global. Os cientistas asseveram que uma vez que a atividade humana ultrapassou certos limiares ou pontos de virada, definidos como \"fronteiras planet\u00E1rias\", existe um risco de \"mudan\u00E7as abruptas e irrevers\u00EDveis\". Os cientistas identificaram nove processos do sistema Terra que apresentam fronteiras as quais, uma vez que n\u00E3o sejam ultrapassadas, marcam a zona de seguran\u00E7a para o planeta. Contudo, devido \u00E0 atividade humana, algumas dessas fronteiras perigosas j\u00E1 foram ultrapassadas, enquanto outras est\u00E3o em risco iminente de ser cruzadas. Rockstr\u00F6m e Steffen, com a colabora\u00E7\u00E3o de 26 l\u00EDderes acad\u00EAmicos, incluindo o Pr\u00EAmio Nobel Paul Crutzen, o cientista clim\u00E1tico do , James Hansen, e o assessor-chefe para mudan\u00E7as clim\u00E1ticas da chanceler alem\u00E3, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber. O grupo identificou nove \"sistemas de suporte \u00E0 vida no planeta\" essenciais para a sobreviv\u00EAncia humana e tentou quantificar o qu\u00E3o longe sete desses sistemas j\u00E1 foram levados. Ent\u00E3o, eles estimaram at\u00E9 onde \u00E9 poss\u00EDvel chegar antes de nossa pr\u00F3pria sobreviv\u00EAncia ser colocada em amea\u00E7a; al\u00E9m dessas fronteiras existe um risco de \"mudan\u00E7as abruptas e irrevers\u00EDveis\" que poderiam marcar o fim das condi\u00E7\u00F5es de habitar a Terra. Estimativas indicam que tr\u00EAs dessas fronteiras \u2013 mudan\u00E7as clim\u00E1ticas, perda de biodiversidade e fluxo biogeoqu\u00EDmico \u2013 parecem j\u00E1 ter sido cruzadas. As fronteiras s\u00E3o \"brutas, apenas as primeiras estimativas, envoltas em grandes incertezas e brechas do conhecimento\" que interagem de maneira complexa e n\u00E3o bem compreendida. As fronteiras podem ajudar a identificar onde h\u00E1 lugar e definir um \"espa\u00E7o seguro para o desenvolvimento humano\", o que \u00E9 um progresso nas abordagens que buscam minimizar o sobre o planeta. A revista Nature tamb\u00E9m publicou um coment\u00E1rio cr\u00EDtico de l\u00EDderes acad\u00EAmicos convidados para escrever sobre cada uma das sete fronteiras planet\u00E1rias que foram quantificadas, incluindo coment\u00E1rios do pr\u00EAmio Nobel Mario J. Molina e do bi\u00F3logo ."@pt . . . . . . "Granice planetarne \u2013 poj\u0119cie dotycz\u0105ce proces\u00F3w systemu Ziemi (globalny ekosystem) i granic, kt\u00F3rych przekroczenie mo\u017Ce wywo\u0142a\u0107 nag\u0142\u0105, nieliniow\u0105 i nieodwracaln\u0105 zmian\u0119 \u015Brodowiska w skali kontynentalnej lub globalnej (np. punkty krytyczne w ziemskim systemie klimatycznym)."@pl . . . . . . . "\uC9C0\uAD6C \uC704\uD5D8 \uD55C\uACC4\uC120"@ko . "Planetary boundaries"@en . "Planetare Grenzen"@de . . . . . . . . . "From the Stockholm Memorandum Science indicates that we are transgressing planetary boundaries that have kept civilization safe for the past 10,000 years. Evidence is growing that human pressures are starting to overwhelm the Earth\u2019s buffering capacity. Humans are now the most significant driver of global change, propelling the planet into a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. We can no longer exclude the possibility that our collective actions will trigger tipping points, risking abrupt and irreversible consequences for human communities and ecological systems."@en . . . . . "\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\uFF08\u82F1: Planetary boundaries\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u304C\u751F\u5B58\u3067\u304D\u308B\u5B89\u5168\u306A\u6D3B\u52D5\u9818\u57DF\u3068\u305D\u306E\u9650\u754C\u70B9\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u6982\u5FF5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5730\u7403\u306E\u9650\u754C\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u60D1\u661F\u9650\u754C\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u5B89\u5168\u57DF\u3084\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3092\u793A\u3059\u9650\u754C\u5024\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B9\u3064\u306E\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4EBA\u9593\u6D3B\u52D5\u304C\u9650\u754C\u5024\u3092\u8D85\u3048\u305F\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5730\u7403\u74B0\u5883\u306B\u4E0D\u53EF\u9006\u7684\u306A\u5909\u5316\u304C\u6025\u6FC0\u306B\u8D77\u304D\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5B9A\u91CF\u5316\u3067\u304D\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3082\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304F\u653F\u7B56\u63D0\u6848\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u6301\u7D9A\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u958B\u767A\u76EE\u6A19\uFF08SDGs\uFF09\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u306B\u3082\u63A1\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u63D0\u5531\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30E8\u30CF\u30F3\u30FB\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30FC\u30E0\u306F\u3001\u30D7\u30E9\u30CD\u30BF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D0\u30A6\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u304C\u4EBA\u985E\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5927\u60E8\u4E8B\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305F\u3081\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3060\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u5D16\u9053\u306B\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u30AC\u30FC\u30C9\u30EC\u30FC\u30EB\u306B\u305F\u3068\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0301\u0436\u0456 \u2014 \u0433\u043B\u043E\u0431\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0456."@uk . . . . . "1118644719"^^ . 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"Fronteiras planet\u00E1rias \u00E9 o conceito central na estrutura do sistema Terra proposto por um grupo de e ambientalistas liderado por do e da Universidade Nacional da Austr\u00E1lia. Em 2009, o grupo prop\u00F4s para a comunidade internacional, incluindo governos de todos os n\u00EDveis, organiza\u00E7\u00F5es internacionais, sociedade civil, comunidade cient\u00EDfica e setor privado, um quadro de \"fronteiras planet\u00E1rias\" planejado para definir um \"espa\u00E7o operacional seguro para a humanidade\", como uma pr\u00E9-condi\u00E7\u00E3o para o desenvolvimento sustent\u00E1vel. Este quadro \u00E9 baseado em pesquisas cient\u00EDficas que indicam que desde a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Industrial, as a\u00E7\u00F5es humanas t\u00EAm se tornado gradualmente o principal condutor da mudan\u00E7a ambiental global. Os cientistas asseveram que uma vez que a atividade humana ultrapassou certos limiare"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Het begrip planetaire grenzen (van de planeet Aarde) werd in 2009 ge\u00EFntroduceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Nature. De auteurs stellen negen planetaire grenzen vast waarbinnen de mensheid moet navigeren om duurzaam gebruik te kunnen blijven maken van de hulpbronnen van de planeet Aarde."@nl . . . . . . "Granice planetarne \u2013 poj\u0119cie dotycz\u0105ce proces\u00F3w systemu Ziemi (globalny ekosystem) i granic, kt\u00F3rych przekroczenie mo\u017Ce wywo\u0142a\u0107 nag\u0142\u0105, nieliniow\u0105 i nieodwracaln\u0105 zmian\u0119 \u015Brodowiska w skali kontynentalnej lub globalnej (np. punkty krytyczne w ziemskim systemie klimatycznym). Termin zosta\u0142 zaproponowany w 2009 roku przez grup\u0119 naukowc\u00F3w zajmuj\u0105cych si\u0119 systemem Ziemi i \u015Brodowiskiem (zob. analiza systemowa, (ang.), (ang.)) pod przewodnictwem (ang.) z (ang.) i (ang.) z Australijskiego Uniwersytetu Narodowego. Celem grupy by\u0142o zdefiniowanie dla spo\u0142eczno\u015Bci mi\u0119dzynarodowej, w tym rz\u0105d\u00F3w na wszystkich poziomach, mi\u0119dzynarodowych organizacji, spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa obywatelskiego, spo\u0142eczno\u015Bci naukowc\u00F3w i prywatnego sektora, \u201Ebezpiecznej przestrzeni dzia\u0142ania dla ludzko\u015Bci\u201D jako warunku koniecznego dla zapewnienia zr\u00F3wnowa\u017Conego rozwoju. Model ten oparty jest na spostrze\u017Ceniach naukowych, \u017Ce dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 cz\u0142owieka od czasu rewolucji przemys\u0142owej jest g\u0142\u00F3wnym czynnikiem globalnej zmiany \u015Brodowiska. Wed\u0142ug paradygmatu \u201Eprzekroczenie jednej lub wi\u0119cej granic planetarnych mo\u017Ce by\u0107 szkodliwe lub nawet katastroficzne ze wzgl\u0119du na ryzyko przekroczenia prog\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re spowoduje nieliniow\u0105, nag\u0142\u0105 zmian\u0119 \u015Brodowiska w skali od kontynentalnej do planetarnej\u201D. Granice procesu systemu Ziemi wyznaczaj\u0105 bezpieczn\u0105 stref\u0119 dla Ziemi, dop\u00F3ki nie s\u0105 przekraczane. Od 2009 roku dwie granice zosta\u0142y ju\u017C przekroczone, podczas gdy inne s\u0105 w bezpo\u015Brednim niebezpiecze\u0144stwie przekroczenia."@pl . "100186"^^ . . . . . . . . . "#f8f8f8"@en . "Planetary boundaries is a concept highlighting human-caused perturbations of Earth systems making them relevant in a way not accommodated by the environmental boundaries separating the three ages within the Holocene epoch. Crossing a planetary boundary comes at the risk of abrupt environmental change. The framework is based on scientific evidence that human actions, especially those of industrialized societies since the Industrial Revolution, have become the main driver of global environmental change. According to the framework, \"transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental-scale to planetary-scale systems.\""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Planetary Boundaries and what they mean for the Future of Humanity"@en . . . . . . . . "L\u00EDmites planetarios"@es . . . . . . . . "25.0"^^ .