. . . . . . . "Schuldvermutung"@de . . . . . . . . . . "\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u662F\u6307\u5211\u4E8B\u53F8\u6CD5\u7CFB\u7EDF\u63A8\u5B9A\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u72AF\u6709\u7F6A\u884C\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u63A8\u5B9A\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u70BA\u6709\u7F6A\uFF0C\u9664\u975E\u6709\u8B49\u64DA\u8BC1\u660E\u5176\u65E0\u7F6A\u3002\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u6709\u6642\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u53EF\u4EE5\u53CD\u9A73\uFF0C\u6709\u6642\u6703\u4E0D\u8B93\u53CD\u9A73\u3002\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u5C06\u4E3E\u8BC1\u8D23\u4EFB\u8F6C\u79FB\u5230\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u8EAB\u4E0A\uFF0C\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u5FC5\u987B\u6536\u96C6\u548C\u63D0\u51FA\u8BC1\u636E\u8BC1\u660E\u81EA\u5DF1\u65E0\u7F6A\u624D\u80FD\u6709\u6A5F\u6703\u65E0\u7F6A\u91CA\u653E\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\u5728\u8BB8\u591A\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EC5\u51ED\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u88AB\u6307\u63A7\u5C31\u5F00\u59CB\u63A8\u5B9A\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u6709\u7F6A\u662F\u4E0D\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\uFF0C\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\uFF0C\u4E0D\u8B93\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u53CD\u9A73\u7684\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u8FDD\u5BAA\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645"@ar . "A presumption of guilt is any presumption within the criminal justice system that a person is guilty of a crime, for example a presumption that a suspect is guilty unless or until proven to be innocent. Informal and legally illegitimate presumptions of guilt may also arise from the attitudes or prejudices of those such as judges, lawyers or police officers who administer the system. Such presumptions may result in suspects who are innocent being brought before a court to face criminal charges, with a risk of improperly being found guilty."@en . "\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u662F\u6307\u5211\u4E8B\u53F8\u6CD5\u7CFB\u7EDF\u63A8\u5B9A\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u72AF\u6709\u7F6A\u884C\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u63A8\u5B9A\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u70BA\u6709\u7F6A\uFF0C\u9664\u975E\u6709\u8B49\u64DA\u8BC1\u660E\u5176\u65E0\u7F6A\u3002\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u6709\u6642\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u53EF\u4EE5\u53CD\u9A73\uFF0C\u6709\u6642\u6703\u4E0D\u8B93\u53CD\u9A73\u3002\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u5C06\u4E3E\u8BC1\u8D23\u4EFB\u8F6C\u79FB\u5230\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u8EAB\u4E0A\uFF0C\u88AB\u544A\u4EBA\u5FC5\u987B\u6536\u96C6\u548C\u63D0\u51FA\u8BC1\u636E\u8BC1\u660E\u81EA\u5DF1\u65E0\u7F6A\u624D\u80FD\u6709\u6A5F\u6703\u65E0\u7F6A\u91CA\u653E\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\u5728\u8BB8\u591A\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EC5\u51ED\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u88AB\u6307\u63A7\u5C31\u5F00\u59CB\u63A8\u5B9A\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u6709\u7F6A\u662F\u4E0D\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\uFF0C\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\uFF0C\u4E0D\u8B93\u5ACC\u7591\u4EBA\u53CD\u9A73\u7684\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u8FDD\u5BAA\u7684\u3002"@zh . . "Praduga bersalah adalah asas di mana seseorang dianggap bersalah hingga pengadilan menyatakan tidak bersalah. Dengan demikian beban pembuktian ada pada tertuduh, bukan penuduh. Praduga bersalah merupakan bentuk penyangkalan terhadap hak asasi manusia internasional berdasarkan Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia Pasal 11. Dalam asas praduga bersalah, beban pembuktian hukum tersebut berada pada pihak pembela, yang harus mengumpulkan dan menyajikan bukti yang meyakinkan kepada pihak penilai fakta (baik hakim atau para juri). Praduga bersalah menggeser beban pembuktian kepada terdakwa, yang kemudian harus membuktikan bahwa mereka tidak bersalah untuk mendapat hukum."@in . . "A presumption of guilt is any presumption within the criminal justice system that a person is guilty of a crime, for example a presumption that a suspect is guilty unless or until proven to be innocent. Such a presumption may legitimately arise from a rule of law or a procedural rule of the court or other adjudicating body which determines how the facts in the case are to be proved, and may be either rebuttable or irrebuttable. An irrebuttable presumption of fact may not be challenged by the defense, and the presumed fact is taken as having been proved. A rebuttable presumption shifts the burden of proof onto the defense, who must collect and present evidence to prove the suspect's innocence, in order to obtain acquittal. Rebuttable presumptions of fact, arising during the course of a trial as a result of specific factual situations (for example that the accused has taken flight), are common; but an opening presumption of guilt based on the mere fact that the suspect has been charged is considered illegitimate in many countries and contrary to international human rights standards. In the United States, an irrebuttable presumption of guilt is considered to be unconstitutional. Informal and legally illegitimate presumptions of guilt may also arise from the attitudes or prejudices of those such as judges, lawyers or police officers who administer the system. Such presumptions may result in suspects who are innocent being brought before a court to face criminal charges, with a risk of improperly being found guilty."@en . . . . . . . "Die Schuldvermutung (in dubio contra reum) ist eine Rechtsvermutung und liegt immer dann vor, wenn die konkrete Schuld/Verantwortung einer Person selbst noch nicht feststeht, aber von Gesetzes wegen (de iure) als wahrscheinlich angenommen wird (es bestehen aber noch Zweifel an Tat bzw. der Handlung oder Ausf\u00FChrung) und dies \u00FCber einen Verdacht bzw. Argwohn bereits weit hinausgeht. Es kann grunds\u00E4tzlich in die gesetzliche und die faktische Schuldvermutung unterteilt werden."@de . 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\u062C\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0639 \u062E\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u062A\u0645 \u0625\u062F\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642."@ar . . . "Praduga bersalah adalah asas di mana seseorang dianggap bersalah hingga pengadilan menyatakan tidak bersalah. Dengan demikian beban pembuktian ada pada tertuduh, bukan penuduh. Praduga bersalah merupakan bentuk penyangkalan terhadap hak asasi manusia internasional berdasarkan Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia Pasal 11. Dalam asas praduga bersalah, beban pembuktian hukum tersebut berada pada pihak pembela, yang harus mengumpulkan dan menyajikan bukti yang meyakinkan kepada pihak penilai fakta (baik hakim atau para juri). Praduga bersalah menggeser beban pembuktian kepada terdakwa, yang kemudian harus membuktikan bahwa mereka tidak bersalah untuk mendapat hukum."@in . "1122188809"^^ . . . . "Praduga bersalah"@in . . . . . . . "21441"^^ . "Die Schuldvermutung (in dubio contra reum) ist eine Rechtsvermutung und liegt immer dann vor, wenn die konkrete Schuld/Verantwortung einer Person selbst noch nicht feststeht, aber von Gesetzes wegen (de iure) als wahrscheinlich angenommen wird (es bestehen aber noch Zweifel an Tat bzw. der Handlung oder Ausf\u00FChrung) und dies \u00FCber einen Verdacht bzw. Argwohn bereits weit hinausgeht. Die Schuldvermutung ist als Gegensatz zur bekannten und rechtlich anerkannten Unschuldsvermutung zu sehen. W\u00E4hrend die Unschuldsvermutung als eines der Grundprinzipien eines rechtsstaatlichen Strafverfahrens und Verwaltungsstrafverfahrens sowie Steuerstrafrechts angesehen wird, wird die Schuldvermutung in vielen Bereichen des staatlichen Verfahrensrechts zul\u00E4ssigerweise angewendet. Anl\u00E4sslich des 2006 von der Europ\u00E4ischen Kommission ver\u00F6ffentlichten Gr\u00FCnbuchs \u00FCber die Unschuldsvermutung haben unabh\u00E4ngige Experten und Angeh\u00F6rige der Rechtsberufe darauf hingewiesen, dass eine Aush\u00F6hlung des Grundsatzes der Unschuldsvermutung immer mehr um sich greife und ein Grundsatz der \u201ESchuldvermutung\u201C mehr und mehr toleriert zu werden scheine. Dies insbesondere bei Ermittlungen gegen Ausl\u00E4nder oder Gebietsfremde. Es kann grunds\u00E4tzlich in die gesetzliche und die faktische Schuldvermutung unterteilt werden."@de . . . . . . "Presumption of guilt"@en . "56458826"^^ . . . "\u6709\u7F6A\u63A8\u5B9A"@zh . . . . 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