. . "0019"^^ . . . "Bitlis"@en . . . "1110230405"^^ . ""@en . . . . "El Principado de Bitlis (1182\u20131847), fue un principado kurdo derivado de la confederaci\u00F3n Rojaki (o Rozagi). Los rojaki derrotaron al rey David III de Tao y conquistaron Bitlis y Sasun en el siglo X.\u200B La principalidad pas\u00F3 por periodos de dominio extranjero como bajo los Ak Koyunlu (de 1467 a 1495) y los saf\u00E1vidas (de 1507 a 1514). Despu\u00E9s de la ca\u00EDda de los Ak Koyunlu, los pr\u00EDncipes rojaki se declararon independientes y hasta 1596, dieciocho pr\u00EDncipes rojaki gobernaron el principado. En 1531, el pr\u00EDncipe Sharaf Khan se declar\u00F3 vasallo de los saf\u00E1vidas hasta su asesinato en 1532 por Olama Takkalu."@es . . . . 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"Ruled by Aq Qoyunlu"@en . . "Flag of the Ottoman Empire .svg"@en . . . . "The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate and the Bitlis Emirate (1182\u2013early 19th century) was a Kurdish principality originated from the Rojaki (or Rozagi) tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian King David the Curopalate and conquered Bitlis and Sasun in the 10th century. The principality occasionally came under the rule of outsiders, such as the Aq Qoyunlu (from 1467 to 1495) and the Safavids (from 1507 to 1514). After the decline of the Aq Qoyunlu, the Rojaki princes asserted their independence. The principality supported the Ottoman Sultan Selim I and its rulers were named Noble Khans in return. In 1531, the Rojaki prince withdrew his support for the Ottomans and turned towards the Safavids instead, an event that lead to the capture of the principality by the Ottomans. A good era for the principality began in 1578, as Sultan Murad III nominated Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi the Emir of the principality. Until 1596, eighteen Rojaki princes ruled the principality. The Rojaki khans maintained their relative independence during the long rivalry between the Ottomans and the Safavids. In 1665, Abdal Khan's status as the Emir of the principality was strengthened after a visit to Bitlis by the Ottoman sultan Murad IV as he supported the Ottomans in their feud with the Safavids. Abdal Khan has been described by the French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier as the most powerful Kurdish prince. According to him, Abdal Khan was independent and did not acknowledge the Safavid or Ottoman states. Evliya \u00C7elebi has praised Abdal Khan as a renaissance prince and owner of a library of books in several languages. Several European travelers noted the ability of the emirate to call in militias (up to 12,000 cavalry forces) in order to defend itself. The autonomy of the principality ended in 1655 as Emir Abdal Khan entered into conflict with the Malik Ahmad Pasha, the W\u0101li of Van at the time. Abdal Khan was accused of confiscating properties in Bitlis by merchants in Van and an his closeness with the Yazidis. As result, the Ottoman Empire ended its tolerance towards the autonomy of the principality of Bitlis. In the 18th century the rulers of the principality switched frequently due to inter-genetational conflict.Eventually in the early 19th century Bitlis became a part of the Emirate of Mu\u015F and the khans lost their position as administrators."@en . . . "Bitlis (principaut\u00E9 kurde)"@fr . . . "Das kurdische F\u00FCrstentum Bitlis (Kurdisch: Badlis) existierte von 1182 bis 1847 und ging aus der Stammesf\u00F6deration der Rojaki (Rozagi) hervor. Die Rojaki besiegten den georgischen K\u00F6nig David III. und eroberten Bitlis und Sason im 10. Jahrhundert. Das F\u00FCrstentum kam gelegentlich unter die Herrschaft anderer Herrscher wie die Aq Qoyunlu (1467\u20131495) und die Safawiden (1507\u20131514). Nach dem Untergang der Aq Qoyunlu erlangten die Rojakif\u00FCrsten ihre Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit wieder. Im Jahre 1531 ging der F\u00FCrst Sharaf Kh\u0101n ein B\u00FCndnis mit den Safawiden ein und wurde 1532 durch Olama Takkalu ermordet."@de . . "Das kurdische F\u00FCrstentum Bitlis (Kurdisch: Badlis) existierte von 1182 bis 1847 und ging aus der Stammesf\u00F6deration der Rojaki (Rozagi) hervor. Die Rojaki besiegten den georgischen K\u00F6nig David III. und eroberten Bitlis und Sason im 10. Jahrhundert. Das F\u00FCrstentum kam gelegentlich unter die Herrschaft anderer Herrscher wie die Aq Qoyunlu (1467\u20131495) und die Safawiden (1507\u20131514). Nach dem Untergang der Aq Qoyunlu erlangten die Rojakif\u00FCrsten ihre Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit wieder. Im Jahre 1531 ging der F\u00FCrst Sharaf Kh\u0101n ein B\u00FCndnis mit den Safawiden ein und wurde 1532 durch Olama Takkalu ermordet. Der ber\u00FChmte kurdische Historiker Scharaf ud-D\u012Bn Kh\u0101n al-Bitl\u012Bs\u012B war der Sohn des F\u00FCrsten Schams ud-D\u012Bn und Enkel des Scharaf Kh\u0101n. Schams ud-D\u012Bn floh unter dem Druck des osmanischen Sultans S\u00FCleyman I. nach Persien und suchte Asyl am Hofe Schah Tahmasp I. Sein Sohn Scharaf ud-D\u012Bn wurde 1533 geboren und wuchs am Hofe der Safawiden auf. W\u00E4hrend der Herrschaft Ismail II. fiel er unter Verdacht und wurde nach Nax\u00E7\u0131van verbannt. Er floh von dort nach Van und wurde durch Sultan Murad III. 1583 zum F\u00FCrsten von Bitlis ernannt. Die Rojakif\u00FCrsten konnten ihre relative Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit w\u00E4hrend der langen Rivalit\u00E4t zwischen Osmanen und Safawiden behaupten. Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts war Abdal Kh\u0101n Herrscher von Bitlis. Er wurde von dem franz\u00F6sischen Reisenden Tavernier als der m\u00E4chtigste der kurdischen F\u00FCrsten bezeichnet. Nach Tavernier war Abdal Kh\u0101n unabh\u00E4ngig und erkannte weder den safawidischen Schah noch den osmanischen Sultan an. Evliya \u00C7elebi pries Abdal Kh\u0101n als einen F\u00FCrst der Renaissance und der Tausend K\u00FCnste (Haz\u0101rfann)."@de . "Principado de Bitlis"@es . . "7488"^^ . . . "Principality of Bitlis"@en . . "1578"^^ . . . "Principality of Bitlis"@en . . . . . . . "Principality of Bitlis in 1835"@en . . . . . . . . . . "La principaut\u00E9 de Bitlis est un \u00E9mirat kurde qui a exist\u00E9 de 1182 \u00E0 1847. Sa capitale \u00E9tait Bitlis (en kurde Bidl\u00EEs ou B\u00EAdl\u00EEs ; en arm\u00E9nien \u0532\u056B\u0569\u056C\u056B\u057D ou \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0577, Baghesh, ou \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0577, Baghaghesh), dans le sud-est de l'actuelle Turquie."@fr . . "Khan/Hakim"@en . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062D\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 (1182 - 1847) \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064A\u062F \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u062F\u0627\u0648\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u064A\u0646\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1467 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1495 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 1507 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1514 [1]."@ar . . "4374438"^^ . . . "Ottoman Empire"@en . "Bitlis"@en . . . . . . "Seljuk Empire"@en . "The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate and the Bitlis Emirate (1182\u2013early 19th century) was a Kurdish principality originated from the Rojaki (or Rozagi) tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian King David the Curopalate and conquered Bitlis and Sasun in the 10th century. The principality occasionally came under the rule of outsiders, such as the Aq Qoyunlu (from 1467 to 1495) and the Safavids (from 1507 to 1514). After the decline of the Aq Qoyunlu, the Rojaki princes asserted their independence. The principality supported the Ottoman Sultan Selim I and its rulers were named Noble Khans in return. In 1531, the Rojaki prince withdrew his support for the Ottomans and turned towards the Safavids instead, an event that lead to the capture of the principalit"@en . . "Bitlis (F\u00FCrstentum)"@de . . . . . . . . "early 19th century"@en . . . "La principaut\u00E9 de Bitlis est un \u00E9mirat kurde qui a exist\u00E9 de 1182 \u00E0 1847. Sa capitale \u00E9tait Bitlis (en kurde Bidl\u00EEs ou B\u00EAdl\u00EEs ; en arm\u00E9nien \u0532\u056B\u0569\u056C\u056B\u057D ou \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0577, Baghesh, ou \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0577, Baghaghesh), dans le sud-est de l'actuelle Turquie."@fr . "Principality of Bitlis"@en . . . . . . . "1182"^^ . . "El Principado de Bitlis (1182\u20131847), fue un principado kurdo derivado de la confederaci\u00F3n Rojaki (o Rozagi). Los rojaki derrotaron al rey David III de Tao y conquistaron Bitlis y Sasun en el siglo X.\u200B La principalidad pas\u00F3 por periodos de dominio extranjero como bajo los Ak Koyunlu (de 1467 a 1495) y los saf\u00E1vidas (de 1507 a 1514). Despu\u00E9s de la ca\u00EDda de los Ak Koyunlu, los pr\u00EDncipes rojaki se declararon independientes y hasta 1596, dieciocho pr\u00EDncipes rojaki gobernaron el principado. En 1531, el pr\u00EDncipe Sharaf Khan se declar\u00F3 vasallo de los saf\u00E1vidas hasta su asesinato en 1532 por Olama Takkalu. El famoso historiador kurdo Sharaf al-Din (generalmente llamado Sharaf Khan Bidlisi) era el hijo de Shams al-Din, pr\u00EDncipe de Bitlis y nieto de Sharaf Khan. Shams Al-Din huy\u00F3 del pa\u00EDs debido a la presi\u00F3n de Solim\u00E1n I y se refugi\u00F3 en la corte persa en de Shah Tahmasp I. Su hijo, Sharaf Al-Din naci\u00F3 en 1533 y se crio en la corte saf\u00E1vida. Durante el reinado de Shah Isma'il II, cay\u00F3 bajo sospecha del monarco y fue exiliado en Najichev\u00E1n. De ah\u00ED huy\u00F3 a Van y fue nombrado pr\u00EDncipe de Bitlis por Murad III en 1583. Los gobernantes rojakis mantuvieron su independencia en medio de la larga la rivalidad entre otomanos y saf\u00E1vidas. A mediados del siglo XVII, Abdal Khan era el gobernante del principado. Fue descrito por el viajero franc\u00E9s Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, como el m\u00E1s poderoso pr\u00EDncipe kurdo. Seg\u00FAn \u00E9l, Abdal Khan era independiente y no reconoc\u00EDa a saf\u00E1vidas u otomados como se\u00F1ores. Evliya \u00C7elebi alab\u00F3 a Abdal Khan como pr\u00EDncipe del renacimiento y maestro de mil artes."@es . . . "1182"^^ . . "\u0628\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646"@ar . . . . . . . . . . .