. . . . "Ilo\u015Bciowa teoria pieni\u0105dza"@pl . . . . . "1120010200"^^ . . . . . . "Kvantitativn\u00ED teorie pen\u011Bz je ekonomick\u00E1 teorie, kter\u00E1 tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee nab\u00EDdka pen\u011Bz (pen\u011B\u017En\u00ED z\u00E1soba) m\u00E1 p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FD vliv na cenovou hladinu. P\u0159edpov\u00EDd\u00E1 p\u0159\u00EDmo \u00FAm\u011Brn\u00FD vztah mezi zm\u011Bnami v r\u016Fstu mno\u017Estv\u00ED pen\u011Bz ob\u00EDhaj\u00EDc\u00EDch v hospod\u00E1\u0159stv\u00ED a v r\u016Fstu cen, tj. v m\u00ED\u0159e inflace.V dlouh\u00E9m obdob\u00ED je tato souvislost empiricky prok\u00E1zan\u00E1, av\u0161ak v kr\u00E1tk\u00E9m obdob\u00ED je p\u0159edm\u011Btem spor\u016F mezi r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi ekonomick\u00FDmi \u0161kolami.Teorie byla nap\u0159\u00EDklad zpochyb\u0148ov\u00E1na keynesi\u00E1nskou ekonomi\u00ED, ale posl\u00E9ze obhajov\u00E1na monetaristickou \u0161kolou ekonomie. Kritici zd\u016Fraz\u0148uj\u00ED zejm\u00E9na, \u017Ee nen\u00ED konstantn\u00ED a \u017Ee ceny a mzdy jsou v kr\u00E1tk\u00E9m obdob\u00ED , co\u017E p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FD vztah mezi pen\u011B\u017En\u00ED z\u00E1sobou a cenovou hladinou vylu\u010Duje."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Teori kuantitas uang merupakan teori dalam ekonomi yang menyatakan tentang hubungan antara peredaran uang dan tingkat inflasi. Irving Fisher menjadi pencetus teori ini. Teori kuantitas uang digunakan dalam proses pemindahan moneter jalur uang. Pandangan utamanya adalah adanya faktor penyebab inflasi yang mencakup sifat langsung dalam pemindahan moneter, jumlah uang beredar dan pertumbuhannya. Dalam , teori kuantitas uang menyatakan bahwa tingkat harga umum barang dan jasa bergantung langsung pada jumlah uang yang beredar, atau persediaan uang. Teori tersebut ditantang oleh , namun diperbaharui dan dirombak oleh . Meskipun para ekonom arus utama sepakat bahwa teori kuantitas memegang kebenaran dalam jangka panjang, masih ada ketidaksepakatan soal keabsahannya dalam jangka pendek."@in . . . . . . . . . . "Ilo\u015Bciowa teoria pieni\u0105dza \u2013 twierdzenie o istnieniu zale\u017Cno\u015Bci przyczynowo-skutkowej mi\u0119dzy ilo\u015Bci\u0105 pieni\u0105dza w obiegu a poziomem cen. Je\u015Bli rozmiary handlu s\u0105 sta\u0142e, ceny zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 wprost proporcjonalnie do poda\u017Cy pieni\u0105dza."@pl . . . . . . "\uD654\uD3D0\uAE08\uC735\uB860\uC5D0\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124(Quantity theory of money, QTM)\uC740 \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uC774 \uD654\uD3D0\uC758 \uC218\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uBE44\uB840\uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uC5B4, \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9\uC774 \uB450 \uBC30 \uB298\uC5C8\uB2E4\uBA74 \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uB3C4 \uB450 \uBC30 \uC624\uB97C \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC608\uCE21\uD55C\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 1517\uB144 \uD3F4\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC218\uD559\uC790 \uB2C8\uCF5C\uB77C\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uCF54\uD398\uB974\uB2C8\uCFE0\uC2A4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACE0\uC548\uB418\uC5B4, \uCCA0\uD559\uC790 \uC874 \uB85C\uD06C, \uB370\uC774\uBE44\uB4DC \uD744, \uC7A5 \uBCF4\uB315\uC5D0\uAC8C\uC11C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1963\uB144 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790 \uBC00\uD134 \uD504\uB9AC\uB4DC\uBA3C\uACFC \uC548\uB098 \uC288\uC6CC\uCE20\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \"\uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uD1B5\uD654 \uC5ED\uC0AC\"\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC73C\uB85C \uCD9C\uD310\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uC774 \uD654\uD3D0\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uC218\uB7C9\uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC740 \uB2E4\uC74C\uACFC \uAC19\uB2E4. , M\uC740 \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9, V\uB294 \uD654\uD3D0\uC720\uD1B5\uC18D\uB3C4, P\uB294 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC218\uC900, Y\uB294 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB7C9\uC774\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC5D0\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0\uC720\uD1B5\uC18D\uB3C4\uB294 \uC77C\uC815\uD558\uB2E4\uACE0 \uAC00\uC815\uB418\uBA70, \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB7C9(GDP)\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBCC0\uC218\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBBC0\uB85C, \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9\uC740 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC218\uC900\uACFC \uB3D9\uC77C\uD55C \uBC29\uD5A5\uC73C\uB85C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uACE0\uC804\uD30C \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 \uC911\uC2EC\uC801\uC778 \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uCF00\uC778\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5 \uC774\uD6C4 \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 \uB9CE\uC740 \uB3C4\uC804\uC5D0 \uC9C1\uBA74\uD588\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uD6C4 \uD1B5\uD654\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uC73C\uB85C \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 \uC0C8\uB86D\uAC8C \uBC1C\uC804\uD558\uBA70 \uAE30\uC874\uC758 \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uB418\uCC3E\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC744 \uBE44\uD310\uD558\uB294 \uCE21\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uD654\uD3D0\uC720\uD1B5\uC18D\uB3C4\uAC00 \uC548\uC815\uC801\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uD654\uD3D0 \uACF5\uAE09\uB7C9\uACFC \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uACC4\uAC00 \uC131\uB9BD\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uB958 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0 \uACF5\uAE09\uB7C9\uC758 \uBCC0\uD654\uB294 \uC18C\uBE44\uC790 \uBB3C\uAC00\uC9C0\uC218\uB85C \uCE21\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uC778\uD50C\uB808\uC774\uC158\uC728\uC744 \uACB0\uC815\uD558\uB294\uB370 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uC8FC\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4\uACE0 \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uD53C\uD130 \uC26C\uD504\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uBE44\uD3C9\uAC00\uB4E4\uC740 \uD654\uD3D0 \uACF5\uAE09\uC758 \uD655\uC7A5\uC774 \uD544\uC5F0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC790\uC0B0 \uAC00\uACA9\uC758 \uC0C1\uC2B9\uC744 \uC774\uB04C\uC5B4 \uB0B8\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBBFF\uB294\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC \uB9CE\uC740 \uC8FC\uB958 \uAC70\uC2DC\uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC774 \uC7A5\uAE30 \uBD84\uC11D\uC5D0\uB294 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uB2E8\uAE30 \uBD84\uC11D\uC5D0\uB294 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uB9DE\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C\uACE0 \uBCF4\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Teori kuantitas uang merupakan teori dalam ekonomi yang menyatakan tentang hubungan antara peredaran uang dan tingkat inflasi. Irving Fisher menjadi pencetus teori ini. Teori kuantitas uang digunakan dalam proses pemindahan moneter jalur uang. Pandangan utamanya adalah adanya faktor penyebab inflasi yang mencakup sifat langsung dalam pemindahan moneter, jumlah uang beredar dan pertumbuhannya. Dalam , teori kuantitas uang menyatakan bahwa tingkat harga umum barang dan jasa bergantung langsung pada jumlah uang yang beredar, atau persediaan uang. Teori tersebut ditantang oleh , namun diperbaharui dan dirombak oleh . Meskipun para ekonom arus utama sepakat bahwa teori kuantitas memegang kebenaran dalam jangka panjang, masih ada ketidaksepakatan soal keabsahannya dalam jangka pendek."@in . . . . "Die Quantit\u00E4tstheorie des Geldes, auch Geldmengentheorie, oft nur kurz Quantit\u00E4tstheorie, ist eine Wirtschaftstheorie, die unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine kausale Abh\u00E4ngigkeit des Preisniveaus von der Geldmenge annimmt."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La teoria quantitativa della moneta \u00E8 una teoria economica secondo cui i prezzi generali dei beni sono direttamente proporzionali (se cresce l'uno, cresce l'altra e viceversa) alla quantit\u00E0 di moneta in circolazione nel dato momento."@it . . . . . . . "Ilo\u015Bciowa teoria pieni\u0105dza \u2013 twierdzenie o istnieniu zale\u017Cno\u015Bci przyczynowo-skutkowej mi\u0119dzy ilo\u015Bci\u0105 pieni\u0105dza w obiegu a poziomem cen. Je\u015Bli rozmiary handlu s\u0105 sta\u0142e, ceny zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 wprost proporcjonalnie do poda\u017Cy pieni\u0105dza."@pl . "Kvantitetsteorin \u00E4r en penningteori som i sin enklaste form skrivs MV = PT. M betecknar penningm\u00E4ngden, V pengarnas omloppshastighet, P prisniv\u00E5n och T den reala varuoms\u00E4ttningen (transaktionsvolymen). Teorin kan anv\u00E4ndas som utg\u00E5ngspunkt f\u00F6r allm\u00E4nna betraktelser mellan penningm\u00E4ngd och prisniv\u00E5 (inflation) i en ekonomi. D\u00E5 t\u00E4nker man sig att P betecknar det genomsnittliga priset p\u00E5 samtliga varor och tj\u00E4nster som oms\u00E4tts under en viss period. M betecknar d\u00E5 allm\u00E4nhetens genomsnittliga kassah\u00E5llning (sedlar, mynt m.m.). Teorin s\u00E4ger bland annat f\u00F6ljande: Om pengarnas omloppshastighet \u00E4r konstant och m\u00E4ngden varor och tj\u00E4nster som s\u00E4ljs i ekonomin \u00E4r konstant s\u00E5 \u00F6kar priserna (P) om penningm\u00E4ngden (M) \u00F6kar, det vill s\u00E4ga inflation intr\u00E4ffar. Fr\u00E5gan om penningm\u00E4ngdens omloppshastighet respektive transaktionsvolymen \u00E4r konstanter har dock varit en omdiskuterad fr\u00E5ga i nationalekonomin."@sv . . . . . . . . . "La teor\u00EDa cuantitativa del dinero es una teor\u00EDa econ\u00F3mica de determinaci\u00F3n del nivel de precios que establece la existencia de una relaci\u00F3n directa entre la cantidad de dinero y el nivel general de los precios."@es . . . . . . "Kvantitetsteorin \u00E4r en penningteori som i sin enklaste form skrivs MV = PT. M betecknar penningm\u00E4ngden, V pengarnas omloppshastighet, P prisniv\u00E5n och T den reala varuoms\u00E4ttningen (transaktionsvolymen). Teorin kan anv\u00E4ndas som utg\u00E5ngspunkt f\u00F6r allm\u00E4nna betraktelser mellan penningm\u00E4ngd och prisniv\u00E5 (inflation) i en ekonomi. D\u00E5 t\u00E4nker man sig att P betecknar det genomsnittliga priset p\u00E5 samtliga varor och tj\u00E4nster som oms\u00E4tts under en viss period. M betecknar d\u00E5 allm\u00E4nhetens genomsnittliga kassah\u00E5llning (sedlar, mynt m.m.). Teorin s\u00E4ger bland annat f\u00F6ljande: Om pengarnas omloppshastighet \u00E4r konstant och m\u00E4ngden varor och tj\u00E4nster som s\u00E4ljs i ekonomin \u00E4r konstant s\u00E5 \u00F6kar priserna (P) om penningm\u00E4ngden (M) \u00F6kar, det vill s\u00E4ga inflation intr\u00E4ffar. Fr\u00E5gan om penningm\u00E4ngdens omloppshastighet respe"@sv . . . "A teoria quantitativa da moeda \u00E9 uma das duas principais teorias que analisam o equil\u00EDbrio da economia do lado monet\u00E1rio (a outra vis\u00E3o \u00E9 a keynesiana, que introduz o motivo especula\u00E7\u00E3o). Ela defende que o n\u00EDvel dos pre\u00E7os \u00E9 determinado pela quantidade de moeda em circula\u00E7\u00E3o e pela sua velocidade de circula\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . . . "Quantit\u00E4tstheorie"@de . . . . "\u8CA8\u5E63\u6570\u91CF\u8AAC\uFF08\u304B\u3078\u3044\u3059\u3046\u308A\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\u3001\u82F1: quantity theory of money\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u306B\u6D41\u901A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u8CA8\u5E63\u306E\u7DCF\u91CF\u3068\u305D\u306E\u6D41\u901A\u901F\u5EA6\u304C\u7269\u4FA1\u306E\u6C34\u6E96\u3092\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3002\u7269\u4FA1\u306E\u5B89\u5B9A\u306B\u306F\u8CA8\u5E63\u6D41\u901A\u91CF\u306E\u76E3\u8996\u30FB\u7BA1\u7406\u304C\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3057\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u5E9C\u30FB\u901A\u8CA8\u5F53\u5C40\u306B\u3088\u308B\u901A\u8CA8\u7BA1\u7406\u653F\u7B56\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u7406\u8AD6\u80CC\u666F\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u041A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Quantity theory of money) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u043C\u0446\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0432 XVI\u2014XVII \u0441\u0442. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C, \u0445\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0446\u0456\u043D \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444 \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0411\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043D. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043E\u043A \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0446\u0456\u043D. \u0427\u0438\u043C \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443, \u0442\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u0440\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0446\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0456, \u043D\u0430\u0432\u043F\u0430\u043A\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u043C \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443, \u0442\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456 \u043D\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0440\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043D. \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0446\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0433 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443 XVIII\u2014XIX \u0441\u0442. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438: \u0406. \u0424\u0456\u0448\u0435\u0440, \u0414. \u042E\u043C, , , \u0414. \u041B\u043E\u043A, \u041C. \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A."@uk . . . . . "Kvantitetsteorin"@sv . "Kvantitativn\u00ED teorie pen\u011Bz"@cs . . . "La teoria quantitativa della moneta \u00E8 una teoria economica secondo cui i prezzi generali dei beni sono direttamente proporzionali (se cresce l'uno, cresce l'altra e viceversa) alla quantit\u00E0 di moneta in circolazione nel dato momento."@it . . "Quantity theory of money"@en . . . "In de monetaire economie is de kwantiteitstheorie van het geld de theorie dat de geldhoeveelheid een bepalende invloed heeft op het prijspeil. Ze voorspelt dat geldschepping zonder verhoging van het handelsvolume (de totale hoeveelheid verhandelbare goederen) leidt tot inflatie. Vroege versies van deze theorie werden geformuleerd door John Locke en David Hume. De theorie kan uitgedrukt worden aan de hand van de Fishervergelijking met M = de totale hoeveelheid geld in omloop, V = de omloopsnelheid van het geld, P = het algemene prijspeil en T = het handelsvolume. De kwantiteitstheorie luidt, in het kort, dat M bepalend is voor P: vergroting van de geldvoorraad leidt tot verhoging van het prijspeil. Onderliggende aannames zijn dat V een afspiegeling is van institutionele factoren (gewoontes, beschikbaarheid van banken, e.d.), terwijl T bepaald wordt door re\u00EBle factoren die losstaan van M en V. De klassieke formulering van de kwantiteitstheorie is te vinden bij David Ricardo. Een generatie na diens tijd kwam de theorie onder druk te staan, toen ontdekte dat de toevloed van goud(geld) ten gevolge van de Californische goudvondsten een veel kleinere inflatie veroorzaakte dan op basis van Ricardo's werk kon worden verondersteld, terwijl de totale vraag en de wereldwijde productie werden aangejaagd. De theorie werd vanaf de jaren dertig van de twintigste eeuw langs dezelfde lijnen uitgedaagd door de keynesianen. John Maynard Keynes zelf was er in grote mate voor verantwoordelijk dat de Verenigde Staten in 1933 afzagen van het Chicago Plan voorgesteld door Fisher en . In een open brief aan president Roosevelt schreef Keynes dat het rigide fixeren van de geldhoeveelheid vroeg of laat tot problemen zou leiden. Hij vergeleek het plan met dik proberen te worden door een grotere riem te kopen. In zijn oordeel was het hoogst misleidend om de nadruk te leggen op de geldhoeveelheid, die slechts een beperkende factor is, eerder dan op het uitgavenvolume, dat de operationele factor is. Vanaf de vroege jaren zeventig werd de kwantiteitstheorie geactualiseerd en nieuw leven ingeblazen door de monetaristen, maar in de jaren 80 kwam ze opnieuw in de problemen: dat decennium kende de grootste groei van de dollarvoorraad sinds WO II, tegelijk met een spectaculaire daling van de Amerikaanse inflatie, terwijl de kwantiteitstheorie het tegenovergestelde had voorspeld. Terwijl de hoofdstroom-economen het erover eens zijn dat de kwantiteitstheorie op de lange termijn hout snijdt, bestaat er onenigheid over de toepasbaarheid ervan op de korte termijn. Critici van de theorie stellen dat omloopsnelheid niet stabiel is en dat op de korte termijn prijzen niet zijn, zodat om deze reden de directe relatie tussen de geldhoeveelheid en prijsniveau niet opgaat op de korte termijn. Alternatieve theorie\u00EBn zijn onder andere de en meer recent de ."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439"@uk . . . "Th\u00E9orie quantitative de la monnaie"@fr . "Teor\u00EDa cuantitativa del dinero"@es . . "Teoria quantitativa della moneta"@it . . . . "La teor\u00EDa cuantitativa del dinero es una teor\u00EDa econ\u00F3mica de determinaci\u00F3n del nivel de precios que establece la existencia de una relaci\u00F3n directa entre la cantidad de dinero y el nivel general de los precios."@es . . . . . . "\u041A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Quantity theory of money) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u043C\u0446\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0432 XVI\u2014XVII \u0441\u0442. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443 XVIII\u2014XIX \u0441\u0442. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438: \u0406. \u0424\u0456\u0448\u0435\u0440, \u0414. \u042E\u043C, , , \u0414. \u041B\u043E\u043A, \u041C. \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A."@uk . "\u8CA8\u5E63\u6570\u91CF\u8AAC"@ja . "In de monetaire economie is de kwantiteitstheorie van het geld de theorie dat de geldhoeveelheid een bepalende invloed heeft op het prijspeil. Ze voorspelt dat geldschepping zonder verhoging van het handelsvolume (de totale hoeveelheid verhandelbare goederen) leidt tot inflatie. Vroege versies van deze theorie werden geformuleerd door John Locke en David Hume. De theorie kan uitgedrukt worden aan de hand van de Fishervergelijking Alternatieve theorie\u00EBn zijn onder andere de en meer recent de ."@nl . . . . . . . . . "761731"^^ . . . . . "In monetary economics, the quantity theory of money (often abbreviated QTM) is one of the directions of Western economic thought that emerged in the 16th-17th centuries. The QTM states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation, or money supply. For example, if the amount of money in an economy doubles, QTM predicts that price levels will also double. The theory was originally formulated by Renaissance mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus in 1517, and was influentially restated by philosophers John Locke, David Hume, Jean Bodin. The theory experienced a large surge in popularity with economists Anna Schwartz and Milton Friedman's book A Monetary History of the United States, published in 1963."@en . . "\uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124"@ko . . . . . . . "Kvantitativn\u00ED teorie pen\u011Bz je ekonomick\u00E1 teorie, kter\u00E1 tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee nab\u00EDdka pen\u011Bz (pen\u011B\u017En\u00ED z\u00E1soba) m\u00E1 p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FD vliv na cenovou hladinu. P\u0159edpov\u00EDd\u00E1 p\u0159\u00EDmo \u00FAm\u011Brn\u00FD vztah mezi zm\u011Bnami v r\u016Fstu mno\u017Estv\u00ED pen\u011Bz ob\u00EDhaj\u00EDc\u00EDch v hospod\u00E1\u0159stv\u00ED a v r\u016Fstu cen, tj. v m\u00ED\u0159e inflace.V dlouh\u00E9m obdob\u00ED je tato souvislost empiricky prok\u00E1zan\u00E1, av\u0161ak v kr\u00E1tk\u00E9m obdob\u00ED je p\u0159edm\u011Btem spor\u016F mezi r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi ekonomick\u00FDmi \u0161kolami.Teorie byla nap\u0159\u00EDklad zpochyb\u0148ov\u00E1na keynesi\u00E1nskou ekonomi\u00ED, ale posl\u00E9ze obhajov\u00E1na monetaristickou \u0161kolou ekonomie. Kritici zd\u016Fraz\u0148uj\u00ED zejm\u00E9na, \u017Ee nen\u00ED konstantn\u00ED a \u017Ee ceny a mzdy jsou v kr\u00E1tk\u00E9m obdob\u00ED , co\u017E p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FD vztah mezi pen\u011B\u017En\u00ED z\u00E1sobou a cenovou hladinou vylu\u010Duje."@cs . "Kwantiteitstheorie"@nl . . . "Die Quantit\u00E4tstheorie des Geldes, auch Geldmengentheorie, oft nur kurz Quantit\u00E4tstheorie, ist eine Wirtschaftstheorie, die unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine kausale Abh\u00E4ngigkeit des Preisniveaus von der Geldmenge annimmt."@de . . . . . . . "\uD654\uD3D0\uAE08\uC735\uB860\uC5D0\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124(Quantity theory of money, QTM)\uC740 \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uC774 \uD654\uD3D0\uC758 \uC218\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uBE44\uB840\uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uC5B4, \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9\uC774 \uB450 \uBC30 \uB298\uC5C8\uB2E4\uBA74 \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uB3C4 \uB450 \uBC30 \uC624\uB97C \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC608\uCE21\uD55C\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC740 1517\uB144 \uD3F4\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC218\uD559\uC790 \uB2C8\uCF5C\uB77C\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uCF54\uD398\uB974\uB2C8\uCFE0\uC2A4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACE0\uC548\uB418\uC5B4, \uCCA0\uD559\uC790 \uC874 \uB85C\uD06C, \uB370\uC774\uBE44\uB4DC \uD744, \uC7A5 \uBCF4\uB315\uC5D0\uAC8C\uC11C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1963\uB144 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790 \uBC00\uD134 \uD504\uB9AC\uB4DC\uBA3C\uACFC \uC548\uB098 \uC288\uC6CC\uCE20\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \"\uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uD1B5\uD654 \uC5ED\uC0AC\"\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC73C\uB85C \uCD9C\uD310\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC218\uC900\uC774 \uD654\uD3D0\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uC218\uB7C9\uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC740 \uB2E4\uC74C\uACFC \uAC19\uB2E4. , M\uC740 \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9, V\uB294 \uD654\uD3D0\uC720\uD1B5\uC18D\uB3C4, P\uB294 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC218\uC900, Y\uB294 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB7C9\uC774\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0\uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uC5D0\uC11C \uD654\uD3D0\uC720\uD1B5\uC18D\uB3C4\uB294 \uC77C\uC815\uD558\uB2E4\uACE0 \uAC00\uC815\uB418\uBA70, \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB7C9(GDP)\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBCC0\uC218\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBBC0\uB85C, \uD1B5\uD654\uB7C9\uC740 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC218\uC900\uACFC \uB3D9\uC77C\uD55C \uBC29\uD5A5\uC73C\uB85C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . "La th\u00E9orie quantitative de la monnaie est une th\u00E9orie \u00E9conomique de causalit\u00E9 entre la quantit\u00E9 de monnaie en circulation et le niveau g\u00E9n\u00E9ral des prix. D\u00E9velopp\u00E9e par plusieurs auteurs successifs, de Martin d'Azpilcueta \u00E0 Nicolas Copernic, en passant par Jean Bodin, elle a \u00E9t\u00E9 reformul\u00E9e dans les ann\u00E9es 1910 par Irving Fisher puis par les mon\u00E9taristes au cours des ann\u00E9es 1970. Si la th\u00E9orie quantitative de la monnaie est v\u00E9rifi\u00E9e, elle fait l'objet de d\u00E9bats sur les causes de l'inflation et sur l'actualit\u00E9 du lien entre masse mon\u00E9taire et inflation."@fr . . . "\u8CA8\u5E63\u6570\u91CF\u8AAC\uFF08\u304B\u3078\u3044\u3059\u3046\u308A\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\u3001\u82F1: quantity theory of money\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u306B\u6D41\u901A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u8CA8\u5E63\u306E\u7DCF\u91CF\u3068\u305D\u306E\u6D41\u901A\u901F\u5EA6\u304C\u7269\u4FA1\u306E\u6C34\u6E96\u3092\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3002\u7269\u4FA1\u306E\u5B89\u5B9A\u306B\u306F\u8CA8\u5E63\u6D41\u901A\u91CF\u306E\u76E3\u8996\u30FB\u7BA1\u7406\u304C\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3057\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u5E9C\u30FB\u901A\u8CA8\u5F53\u5C40\u306B\u3088\u308B\u901A\u8CA8\u7BA1\u7406\u653F\u7B56\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u7406\u8AD6\u80CC\u666F\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "In monetary economics, the quantity theory of money (often abbreviated QTM) is one of the directions of Western economic thought that emerged in the 16th-17th centuries. The QTM states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation, or money supply. For example, if the amount of money in an economy doubles, QTM predicts that price levels will also double. The theory was originally formulated by Renaissance mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus in 1517, and was influentially restated by philosophers John Locke, David Hume, Jean Bodin. The theory experienced a large surge in popularity with economists Anna Schwartz and Milton Friedman's book A Monetary History of the United States, published in 1963. The theory was challenged by Keynesian economists, but updated and reinvigorated by the monetarist school of economics, led by economist Milton Friedman. Critics of the theory argue that money velocity is not stable and, in the short-run, prices are sticky, so the direct relationship between money supply and price level does not hold. Alternative theories include the real bills doctrine and the more recent fiscal theory of the price level."@en . "La th\u00E9orie quantitative de la monnaie est une th\u00E9orie \u00E9conomique de causalit\u00E9 entre la quantit\u00E9 de monnaie en circulation et le niveau g\u00E9n\u00E9ral des prix. D\u00E9velopp\u00E9e par plusieurs auteurs successifs, de Martin d'Azpilcueta \u00E0 Nicolas Copernic, en passant par Jean Bodin, elle a \u00E9t\u00E9 reformul\u00E9e dans les ann\u00E9es 1910 par Irving Fisher puis par les mon\u00E9taristes au cours des ann\u00E9es 1970. Si la th\u00E9orie quantitative de la monnaie est v\u00E9rifi\u00E9e, elle fait l'objet de d\u00E9bats sur les causes de l'inflation et sur l'actualit\u00E9 du lien entre masse mon\u00E9taire et inflation."@fr . "34708"^^ . "Teori kuantitas uang"@in . . . . . . . . . . . "Teoria quantitativa da moeda"@pt . . "A teoria quantitativa da moeda \u00E9 uma das duas principais teorias que analisam o equil\u00EDbrio da economia do lado monet\u00E1rio (a outra vis\u00E3o \u00E9 a keynesiana, que introduz o motivo especula\u00E7\u00E3o). Ela defende que o n\u00EDvel dos pre\u00E7os \u00E9 determinado pela quantidade de moeda em circula\u00E7\u00E3o e pela sua velocidade de circula\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt .