"96134"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Roberto I Bruce (en ingl\u00E9s: Robert the Bruce; 11 de julio de 1274-7 de junio de 1329) fue rey de Escocia de 1306 a 1329."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I av Skottland eller Robert (the) Bruce, f\u00F6dd 11 juli 1274, d\u00F6d 7 juni 1329, var f\u00F6rst earl av och sedermera kung av Skottland (1306). Han var sonson till Robert Bruce av Annandale och morfar till Robert II av Skottland."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert Ier, \u00E9galement appel\u00E9 Robert Bruce (Robert de Brus en anglo-normand, Roibert a Briuis en ga\u00E9lique \u00E9cossais, Robert the Bruce en anglais), est roi d'\u00C9cosse de 1306 \u00E0 1329. Robert Bruce est n\u00E9 le 11 juillet 1274, probablement (mais sans certitude) au (en), et mort le 7 juin 1329 \u00E0 Cardross. Il joue un r\u00F4le important dans la r\u00E9sistance \u00E9cossaise \u00E0 l'Angleterre durant les guerres d'ind\u00E9pendance de l'\u00C9cosse et reste consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme un h\u00E9ros national."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Roberto I di Scozia"@it . . . "Niall Bruce of Carrick"@en . . . . . . . . . "Roberto I da Esc\u00F3cia"@pt . . . . "Robert Ier (roi d'\u00C9cosse)"@fr . . . . . . "Roberto BRUSO (angle Robert the Bruce a\u016D Bruce) (1274-1329) regis Skotlandon de jaro 1306 \u011Dis 1329. Li venkis la anglan militistaron de \u0109e Bannockburn kaj gajnis ekkonon de sendependeco de Skotlando. \n* \n* \n*"@eo . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441"@uk . . "\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627"@ar . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u0433\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E Roibert a Briuis; 11 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1274 \u2014 7 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1329) \u2014 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0436 1306 \u0442\u0430 1329 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438. 1314 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u044E \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0456, \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044E \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u0448\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A \u0434\u043E \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0443 1322-\u043C\u0443 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 \u0443\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0440'\u044F \u0437 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0417\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C 1328 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0433\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043C."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I Bruce"@pl . . "Robert I. Skotsk\u00FD"@cs . . . "probably Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland"@en . "1123184351"^^ . . . . ""@en . . . . "Robert I., englisch besser bekannt als Robert Bruce, auch Robert the Bruce (* 11. Juli 1274; \u2020 7. Juni 1329 in Cardross, Dunbartonshire), war von 1306 bis zu seinem Tod 1329 K\u00F6nig von Schottland. Die mittelalterliche schottisch-g\u00E4lische Schreibweise lautete Roibert a Briuis, die normannisch-franz\u00F6sische Robert de Brus. W\u00E4hrend der Schottischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskriege gegen England war er Anf\u00FChrer der aufst\u00E4ndischen Schotten. Robert war ein Ururururenkel K\u00F6nig Davids I. und begr\u00FCndete damit seinen Anspruch auf den schottischen Thron. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Herrscher Schottlands."@de . . . . "Robert I, Robert VIII de Bruce (\u015Bredniowieczny gael. Roibert a Briuis; wsp\u00F3\u0142czesny gael. Raibeart Bruis; ur. 11 lipca 1274, zm. 7 czerwca 1329) \u2013 kr\u00F3l Szkocji 1306\u20131329."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 1\uC138 \uBE0C\uB8E8\uC2A4(\uC911\uC138 \uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC\uC5B4: Roibert I a Briuis, \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uAC8C\uC77C\uC5B4: Raibeart I Bruis, \uC601\uC5B4: Robert I Bruce, \uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Robertus Brussius, 1274\uB144 7\uC6D4 11\uC77C ~ 1329\uB144 6\uC6D4 7\uC77C)\uB294 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2B8\uC778\uC758 \uC655\uC774\uB2E4. 1306\uB144\uC5D0 \uC655\uC704\uC5D0 \uC62C\uB77C 23\uB144\uAC04\uC758 \uC7AC\uC704\uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uC655\uAD6D\uC744 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB838\uB2E4. 14\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uB3C5\uB9BD \uC804\uC7C1\uC744 \uC774\uB04C\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, 1314\uB144 6\uC6D4 23\uC77C \uBC30\uB109\uBC88 \uC804\uD22C\uB97C \uC9C0\uD718\uD558\uC5EC \uC5D0\uB4DC\uC6CC\uB4DC 2\uC138\uAC00 \uC774\uB044\uB294 \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uAD70\uC758 \uCE68\uACF5\uC744 \uB9C9\uC544 \uB0B4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC0AC\uC2E4\uC0C1 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC778 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uAF43\uC758 \uAC00\uC0AC\uB294 \uC774 \uBC30\uB109\uBC88 \uC804\uD22C\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert the Bruce, \u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A. Roibert a Briuis, 11 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1274 \u2014 7 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1329) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 (1306\u20141329), \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0446\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0442 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E-\u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0451 (\u0444\u0440. Brieux), \u041D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F), \u043F\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043A\u043E-\u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "King_Robert_I_of_Scotland.jpg"@en . . . "Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale"@en . . . . . . . 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"Robert I"@en . . . "Raibeart I na hAlban"@ga . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I (Carrick , 11 juli 1274 \u2013, 7 juni 1329) was koning van Schotland van 25 maart 1306 tot zijn dood in 1329. Hij staat algemeen bekend als Robert the Bruce."@nl . . . . . . . . "\uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 1\uC138 \uBE0C\uB8E8\uC2A4(\uC911\uC138 \uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC\uC5B4: Roibert I a Briuis, \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uAC8C\uC77C\uC5B4: Raibeart I Bruis, \uC601\uC5B4: Robert I Bruce, \uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Robertus Brussius, 1274\uB144 7\uC6D4 11\uC77C ~ 1329\uB144 6\uC6D4 7\uC77C)\uB294 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2B8\uC778\uC758 \uC655\uC774\uB2E4. 1306\uB144\uC5D0 \uC655\uC704\uC5D0 \uC62C\uB77C 23\uB144\uAC04\uC758 \uC7AC\uC704\uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uC655\uAD6D\uC744 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB838\uB2E4. 14\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uB3C5\uB9BD \uC804\uC7C1\uC744 \uC774\uB04C\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, 1314\uB144 6\uC6D4 23\uC77C \uBC30\uB109\uBC88 \uC804\uD22C\uB97C \uC9C0\uD718\uD558\uC5EC \uC5D0\uB4DC\uC6CC\uB4DC 2\uC138\uAC00 \uC774\uB044\uB294 \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uAD70\uC758 \uCE68\uACF5\uC744 \uB9C9\uC544 \uB0B4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC0AC\uC2E4\uC0C1 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC778 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uAF43\uC758 \uAC00\uC0AC\uB294 \uC774 \uBC30\uB109\uBC88 \uC804\uD22C\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I (11 July 1274 \u2013 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart an Bruis), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent kingdom and is now revered in Scotland as a national hero. Robert was a fourth great-grandson of King David I, and his grandfather, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, was one of the claimants to the Scottish throne during the \"Great Cause\". As Earl of Carrick, Robert the Bruce supported his family's claim to the Scottish throne and took part in William Wallace's revolt against Edward I of England. Appointed in 1298 as a Guardian of Scotland alongside his chief rival for the throne, John Comyn of Badenoch, and William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews, Robert resigned in 1300 because of his quarrels with Comyn and the apparently imminent restoration of John Balliol to the Scottish throne. After submitting to Edward I in 1302 and returning to \"the king's peace\", Robert inherited his family's claim to the Scottish throne upon his father's death. Bruce's involvement in John Comyn's murder in February 1306 led to his excommunication by Pope Clement V (although he received absolution from Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow). Bruce moved quickly to seize the throne, and was crowned king of Scots on 25 March 1306. Edward I's forces defeated Robert in the Battle of Methven, forcing him to flee into hiding, before re-emerging in 1307 to defeat an English army at Loudoun Hill and wage a highly successful guerrilla war against the English. Robert I defeated his other opponents, destroying their strongholds and devastating their lands, and in 1309 held his first parliament. A series of military victories between 1310 and 1314 won him control of much of Scotland, and at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, Robert defeated a much larger English army under Edward II of England, confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish kingdom. The battle marked a significant turning point, with Robert's armies now free to launch devastating raids throughout northern England, while he also expanded the war against England by sending armies to invade Ireland, and appealed to the Irish to rise against Edward II's rule. Despite Bannockburn and the capture of the final English stronghold at Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to renounce his claim to the overlordship of Scotland. In 1320, the Scottish nobility submitted the Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII, declaring Robert as their rightful monarch and asserting Scotland's status as an independent kingdom. In 1324, the Pope recognised Robert I as king of an independent Scotland, and in 1326, the Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son, Edward III, and peace was concluded between Scotland and England with the Treaty of Edinburgh\u2013Northampton in 1328, by which Edward III renounced all claims to sovereignty over Scotland. Robert I died in June 1329 and was succeeded by his son, David II. Robert's body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey, and his internal organs embalmed and placed in St Serf's Church, Dumbarton."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "1306-03-25"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I (Carrick , 11 juli 1274 \u2013, 7 juni 1329) was koning van Schotland van 25 maart 1306 tot zijn dood in 1329. Hij staat algemeen bekend als Robert the Bruce."@nl . . . . . . . "Robert Ier, \u00E9galement appel\u00E9 Robert Bruce (Robert de Brus en anglo-normand, Roibert a Briuis en ga\u00E9lique \u00E9cossais, Robert the Bruce en anglais), est roi d'\u00C9cosse de 1306 \u00E0 1329. Robert Bruce est n\u00E9 le 11 juillet 1274, probablement (mais sans certitude) au (en), et mort le 7 juin 1329 \u00E0 Cardross. Il joue un r\u00F4le important dans la r\u00E9sistance \u00E9cossaise \u00E0 l'Angleterre durant les guerres d'ind\u00E9pendance de l'\u00C9cosse et reste consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme un h\u00E9ros national. Membre de la maison de Bruce, il est le fils du comte de Carrick Robert de Bruce et le petit-fils du seigneur d'Annandale Robert de Bruce, candidat malheureux au tr\u00F4ne \u00E9cossais lors de la crise de succession \u00E9cossaise de 1290-1292. En 1297, le jeune Robert Bruce participe \u00E0 la r\u00E9volte de William Wallace contre le roi anglais \u00C9douard Ier. Il est nomm\u00E9 Gardien de l'\u00C9cosse en 1298 aux c\u00F4t\u00E9s de son rival, le seigneur de Badenoch, John III Comyn, mais d\u00E9missionne deux ans plus tard et se soumet \u00E0 \u00C9douard Ier en 1302, sans pour autant renoncer aux droits sur le tr\u00F4ne qu'il estime d\u00E9tenir. Le 10 f\u00E9vrier 1306, Robert Bruce assassine John Comyn dans l'\u00E9glise franciscaine de Dumfries, un geste qui lui vaut la haine de la famille Comyn et l'excommunication du pape. Il revendique la couronne et se fait couronner roi \u00E0 Scone le 25 mars. Il parvient \u00E0 soumettre ses adversaires \u00E0 l'int\u00E9rieur du royaume et r\u00E9siste avec succ\u00E8s aux arm\u00E9es anglaises, contre lesquelles il remporte une victoire d\u00E9cisive \u00E0 la bataille de Bannockburn, en 1314. Les troupes \u00E9cossaises passent ensuite \u00E0 l'offensive dans le nord de l'Angleterre, ainsi qu'en Irlande. La D\u00E9claration d'Arbroath de 1320, envoy\u00E9e au pape par les principaux barons \u00E9cossais, affirme l'ind\u00E9pendance du royaume. Le roi anglais \u00C9douard III la reconna\u00EEt en 1328 par le trait\u00E9 d'\u00C9dimbourg-Northampton. Robert meurt en 1329, dans sa vingt-troisi\u00E8me ann\u00E9e de r\u00E8gne. Son fils David II lui succ\u00E8de sur le tr\u00F4ne. Le corps de Robert Bruce est inhum\u00E9 en l'abbaye de Dunfermline, \u00E0 l'exception de son c\u0153ur, enterr\u00E9 \u00E0 l'abbaye de Melrose."@fr . . . . . . . "--03-25"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 1\uC138 (\uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC)"@ko . 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"Robert the Bruce"@en . . . . . . . . . "Roberto Bruso"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "\u2013 St Serf's Church, Dumbarton"@en . "Robert I. (11. \u010Dervence 1274 \u2013 7. \u010Dervna 1329 Cardross Castle), p\u016Fvodn\u00EDm jm\u00E9nem Robert Bruce, 9. lord z Annandale, hrab\u011B z Carricku a v letech 1306 a\u017E 1329 skotsk\u00FD kr\u00E1l. Skotskou nez\u00E1vislost pojistil v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00EDm v bitv\u011B u Bannockburnu roku 1314."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u2013 Melrose Abbey"@en . . . . . "#Issue"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Manor of Cardross, Dunbartonshire, Scotland"@en . . "Roberto I (ga\u00E9lico moderno: Raibeart I; Kirkoswald, 11 de julho de 1274 \u2013 Cardross, 7 de junho de 1329), popularmente conhecido como Roberto de Bruce (ga\u00E9lico moderno: Raibeart Brus ou Robert the Bruce, em ingl\u00EAs, e Robert de Brus ou Robert de Bruys em anglo-normando), foi o Rei da Esc\u00F3cia de 1306 at\u00E9 sua morte. Foi um dos mais famosos guerreiros de sua gera\u00E7\u00E3o, tendo liderado a Esc\u00F3cia durante as Guerras de Independ\u00EAncia contra a Inglaterra. Ele lutou com determina\u00E7\u00E3o para reconquistar o lugar da Esc\u00F3cia como reino independente, sendo lembrado hoje como her\u00F3i nacional."@pt . . . . "more..."@en . . . . . . "Elizabeth de Burgh"@en . . . . . "Robert I"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I van Schotland"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dunfermline Abbey 20080504 Skull Robert the Bruce.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I (11 July 1274 \u2013 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart an Bruis), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent kingdom and is now revered in Scotland as a national hero."@en . . . . "Roberto I (ga\u00E9lico moderno: Raibeart I; Kirkoswald, 11 de julho de 1274 \u2013 Cardross, 7 de junho de 1329), popularmente conhecido como Roberto de Bruce (ga\u00E9lico moderno: Raibeart Brus ou Robert the Bruce, em ingl\u00EAs, e Robert de Brus ou Robert de Bruys em anglo-normando), foi o Rei da Esc\u00F3cia de 1306 at\u00E9 sua morte. Foi um dos mais famosos guerreiros de sua gera\u00E7\u00E3o, tendo liderado a Esc\u00F3cia durante as Guerras de Independ\u00EAncia contra a Inglaterra. Ele lutou com determina\u00E7\u00E3o para reconquistar o lugar da Esc\u00F3cia como reino independente, sendo lembrado hoje como her\u00F3i nacional."@pt . . . . . . . "Roberto I.a Eskoziakoa"@eu . . . . . . . . "Robert I d'Esc\u00F2cia (ga\u00E8lic escoc\u00E8s: Raibeart Bruis, anglonormand: Robert de Brus o Robert de Bruys, 11 de juliol de 1274 \u2013 7 de juny de 1329) fou rei d'Esc\u00F2cia, d'ascend\u00E8ncia normanda (la seva fam\u00EDlia era origin\u00E0ria de Brieux, per\u00F2 es barrejaren amb ga\u00E8lics), fundador de la Casa de Bruce. El 1291, en qualitat de lord d'Annandale i fill de la segona filla de David I d'Esc\u00F2cia i net d'Alexandre III, va presentar la seva candidatura al tron escoc\u00E8s davant Eduard I d'Anglaterra, per\u00F2 aquest va preferir Joan Balliol. Quan el 1296 el rei angl\u00E8s enva\u00ED Esc\u00F2cia l'oblig\u00E0 a signar, juntament amb altres nobles, un tractat de submissi\u00F3 anomenat la n\u00F2mina dels drapaires. El 1297 don\u00E0 suport la revolta de William Wallace, per\u00F2 despr\u00E9s de la desfeta escocesa en la batalla de Falkirk l'abandon\u00E0 el 1302 quan es va unir al Consell de Reg\u00E8ncia dirigit per John Comyn \"el Roig\", senyor de Badenoch i nebot de Joan Balliol, i el 1304 es va sotmetre a Eduard I d'Anglaterra, que el 1306 el va nomenar confident reial. Tanmateix, aprofit\u00E0 el c\u00E0rrec per a organitzar una conjura d'arist\u00F2crates, conxorxat amb el bisbe de Saint Andrews, , per tal de proclamar-se rei. Far\u00E0 assassinar a , crid\u00E0 a la revolta i marx\u00E0 cap a Glasgow, de manera que el 25 de mar\u00E7 del 1306 ser\u00E0 coronat rei a Scone. Se li uniran molts nobles, per\u00F2 Eduard I el declar\u00E0 rebel i tra\u00EFdor i el papa Climent V el va excomunicar. El juny de 1306 fou ven\u00E7ut a Methuen i haur\u00E0 de fugir a Irlanda. Pel maig del 1307 torn\u00E0 a Esc\u00F2cia i venc\u00E9 dos cops els lloctinents anglesos a Loundon Hill. El juliol moriria Eduard I a Burgon Sands, i el seu fill Eduard II abandon\u00E0 la lluita, cosa que li facilitaria el cam\u00ED cap al tron. El 1310 expulsar\u00E0 del pa\u00EDs els membres de les fam\u00EDlies Balliol i Comyn, i tant els nobles com els clergues reconegueren la seva autoritat. Va fer corregudes pel nord d'Anglaterra, va desfer una invasi\u00F3 anglesa el 1311 i cap al 1314 recuper\u00E0 Stirling, Roxburgh i Edimburg. L'\u00E8xit fou complet despr\u00E9s de la desfeta de l'ex\u00E8rcit angl\u00E8s en la batalla de Bannockburn el 24 de juny del 1314, des d'aleshores diada nacional escocesa. El 1315, per tal de distraure l'atenci\u00F3 dels anglesos, envi\u00E0 Edward Bruce a Irlanda, on intent\u00E0 proclamar-se rei, i a la costa anglesa. El 1318 repetiren la vict\u00F2ria a Berwick, cosa que els permet\u00E9 atacar Preston i Pontefraid, en territori angl\u00E8s. El 1320 els barons escocesos enviaren al papa Joan XXII la declaraci\u00F3 d'Arbroath, per la qual proclamaven el dret a gaudir d'un estat sobir\u00E0, la qual cosa equival a una declaraci\u00F3 d'independ\u00E8ncia. El 1322 derrotaren definitivament les tropes angleses i el 1328 els obligaren a signar el , pel qual reconeixien la independ\u00E8ncia d'Esc\u00F2cia. No va aconseguir que els anglesos li retornessin la pedra de Scone, tot i que els la reclam\u00E0. Robert I Bruce va regnar fins a la seva mort, el 1329. Reorganitz\u00E0 l'ex\u00E8rcit, cre\u00E0 un nou sistema administratiu, fund\u00E0 una nova aristocr\u00E0cia sobre les noves terres adquirides als enemics, i el 1326 conced\u00ED als burgs representaci\u00F3 plena al Parlament escoc\u00E8s, on la pres\u00E8ncia de cavallers i propietaris petits era important."@ca . . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u4E00\u4E16 (\u82CF\u683C\u5170)"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Roberto I Bruce (en ingl\u00E9s: Robert the Bruce; 11 de julio de 1274-7 de junio de 1329) fue rey de Escocia de 1306 a 1329."@es . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u0433\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E Roibert a Briuis; 11 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1274 \u2014 7 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1329) \u2014 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0436 1306 \u0442\u0430 1329 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438. 1314 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u044E \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0456, \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044E \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u0448\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A \u0434\u043E \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0443 1322-\u043C\u0443 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 \u0443\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0440'\u044F \u0437 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0417\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C 1328 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0433\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043C."@uk . "Robert I d'Esc\u00F2cia"@ca . . "1306"^^ . . . "1304"^^ . . . . . . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\uFF08Robert I, 1274\u5E747\u670811\u65E5 - 1329\u5E746\u67087\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u5728\u4F4D\uFF1A1306\u5E74 - 1329\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\uFF08\u30C9\u30A5\u30FB\uFF09\u30D6\u30EB\u30FC\u30B9\uFF08\u4E2D\u4E16\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u8A9E (Middle Irish) \uFF1ARoibert a Briuis, \u73FE\u4EE3\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u8A9E\uFF1ARaibeart Bruis, \u30A2\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\uFF1D\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert de Brus \u306A\u3044\u3057 Robert de Bruys\uFF09\u306E\u540D\u3067\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u7236\u65B9\u306E\u7956\u5148\u306F\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30FC\u306E\u30D6\u30EA\u30FC (Brix) \u3092\u51FA\u81EA\u3068\u3059\u308B\u306E\u5BB6\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6BCD\u65B9\u306F\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u4EBA\u306E\u5BB6\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u6700\u3082\u5049\u5927\u306A\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u56FD\u738B\u306E\u4E00\u4EBA\u3068\u306A\u308A\u3001\u540C\u6642\u306B\u305D\u306E\u4E16\u4EE3\u3067\u6700\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u305F\u6226\u58EB\u306E\u4E00\u4EBA\u306B\u306A\u308A\u3001\u9042\u306B\u306F\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u56FD\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3092\u7387\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u30C7\u30A4\u30F4\u30A3\u30C3\u30C91\u4E16\u306E\u8840\u3092\u5F15\u304F\u8005 \u3068\u3057\u3066\u738B\u4F4D\u3092\u8ACB\u6C42\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7D71\u6CBB\u671F\u9593\u4E2D\u306B\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u5730\u3092\u72EC\u7ACB\u56FD\u5BB6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56DE\u5FA9\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u9996\u5C3E\u3088\u304F\u6226\u3044\u629C\u3044\u305F\u3002\u4ECA\u65E5\u306E\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u56FD\u6C11\u7684\u82F1\u96C4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8A18\u61B6\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Elizabeth Bruce"@en . . . . . . . . "Robert I av Skottland"@sv . . . "1292"^^ . . . . . ""@en . "\u03A1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AD\u03C1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u0391\u0384 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BA\u03C9\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2"@el . . . . . . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16 (\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B)"@ja . . . . "Robert I (11 Juli 1274 \u2013 7 Juni 1329), yang lebih dikenal sebagai Robert the Bruce (Gaelik Abad Pertengahan: Roibert a Briuis; Gaelik Skotlandia modern: Raibeart Bruis; : Robert de Brus atau Robert de Bruys; : Robert Brus; bahasa Latin: Robertus Brussius), adalah Raja Skotlandia dari 1306 sampai ia wafat pada 1329. Robert menjadi salah satu paling terkenal dari , dan kemudian memimpin Skotlandia pada Perang Kemerdekaan Skotlandia Pertama melawan Inggris. Ia berhasil bertarung pada masa pemerintahannya untuk menjadikan Skotlandia sebagai sebuah negara merdeka dan sekarang dikenang di Skotlandia sebagai pahlawan nasional."@in . . "1329-06-07"^^ . . . "1274-07-11"^^ . . . . . "Roberto I de Escocia"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert the Bruce"@in . . . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5E03\u9C81\u65AF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert the Bruce / Robert Bruce\uFF1B\u4E2D\u53E4\u611B\u723E\u862D\u8A9E\uFF1ARoibert a Briuis\uFF1B\u8607\u683C\u862D\u84CB\u723E\u8A9E\uFF1ARaibeart Bruis\uFF0C1274\u5E747\u670811\u65E5\uFF0D1329\u5E746\u67087\u65E5\uFF09\u662F\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u5386\u53F2\u4E2D\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u56FD\u738B\uFF0C\u738B\u53F7\u201C\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u4E00\u4E16\u201D\u3002\u4ED6\u9886\u5BFC\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u6253\u8D25\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u519B\u961F\uFF0C\u786E\u4FDD\u738B\u56FD\u72EC\u7ACB\u3002"@zh . . "Robert I d'Esc\u00F2cia (ga\u00E8lic escoc\u00E8s: Raibeart Bruis, anglonormand: Robert de Brus o Robert de Bruys, 11 de juliol de 1274 \u2013 7 de juny de 1329) fou rei d'Esc\u00F2cia, d'ascend\u00E8ncia normanda (la seva fam\u00EDlia era origin\u00E0ria de Brieux, per\u00F2 es barrejaren amb ga\u00E8lics), fundador de la Casa de Bruce."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5E03\u9C81\u65AF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert the Bruce / Robert Bruce\uFF1B\u4E2D\u53E4\u611B\u723E\u862D\u8A9E\uFF1ARoibert a Briuis\uFF1B\u8607\u683C\u862D\u84CB\u723E\u8A9E\uFF1ARaibeart Bruis\uFF0C1274\u5E747\u670811\u65E5\uFF0D1329\u5E746\u67087\u65E5\uFF09\u662F\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u5386\u53F2\u4E2D\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u56FD\u738B\uFF0C\u738B\u53F7\u201C\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u4E00\u4E16\u201D\u3002\u4ED6\u9886\u5BFC\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u6253\u8D25\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u519B\u961F\uFF0C\u786E\u4FDD\u738B\u56FD\u72EC\u7ACB\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert the Bruce, \u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A. Roibert a Briuis, 11 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1274 \u2014 7 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1329) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 (1306\u20141329), \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0446\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0442 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E-\u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0451 (\u0444\u0440. Brieux), \u041D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F), \u043F\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043A\u043E-\u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 I (\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438)"@ru . . . . . . "Robert de Brus, noto in inglese come Robert Bruce o Robert the Bruce, titolo regale Roberto I di Scozia (Ayrshire, 11 luglio 1274 \u2013 , 7 giugno 1329), \u00E8 stato re di Scozia dal 1306 al 1329. Scozzese e di ascendenza Pitta secondo gli Scozzesi, di ascendenza francese secondo gli inglesi e gaelica secondo gli Irlandesi, fu uno dei pi\u00F9 grandi re della Scozia, e anche uno dei guerrieri pi\u00F9 famosi della sua epoca. Condusse la Scozia contro il Regno d'Inghilterra durante le Guerre di indipendenza scozzesi. Era il pronipote di Davide I di Scozia."@it . . . . "The face of Robert the Bruce by forensic sculptor Christian Corbet"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Roberto BRUSO (angle Robert the Bruce a\u016D Bruce) (1274-1329) regis Skotlandon de jaro 1306 \u011Dis 1329. Li venkis la anglan militistaron de \u0109e Bannockburn kaj gajnis ekkonon de sendependeco de Skotlando. \n* \n* \n*"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I (11 Juli 1274 \u2013 7 Juni 1329), yang lebih dikenal sebagai Robert the Bruce (Gaelik Abad Pertengahan: Roibert a Briuis; Gaelik Skotlandia modern: Raibeart Bruis; : Robert de Brus atau Robert de Bruys; : Robert Brus; bahasa Latin: Robertus Brussius), adalah Raja Skotlandia dari 1306 sampai ia wafat pada 1329. Robert menjadi salah satu paling terkenal dari , dan kemudian memimpin Skotlandia pada Perang Kemerdekaan Skotlandia Pertama melawan Inggris. Ia berhasil bertarung pada masa pemerintahannya untuk menjadikan Skotlandia sebagai sebuah negara merdeka dan sekarang dikenang di Skotlandia sebagai pahlawan nasional."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marjorie Bruce"@en . . "180"^^ . . "Robert I, Robert VIII de Bruce (\u015Bredniowieczny gael. Roibert a Briuis; wsp\u00F3\u0142czesny gael. Raibeart Bruis; ur. 11 lipca 1274, zm. 7 czerwca 1329) \u2013 kr\u00F3l Szkocji 1306\u20131329."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Robert I. (Schottland)"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1306"^^ . . . . . . . . "1306"^^ . . . . . . . "Roberto I.a Eskoziakoa , ingelesez Robert the Bruce izenaz ezaguna, (erdi aroko gaeleraz: Roibert a Briuis; egungo Eskoziako gaelera: Raibeart Bruis; : Robert de Brus edo Robert de Bruys) Eskoziako erregea izan zen 1306tik 1329an hil arte."@eu . . . . . "David II of Scotland"@en . . . . . . "Ba \u00E9 Roibeard Br\u00FAs, n\u00F3 Raibeart I, R\u00ED na hAlban mac le Roibeart Br\u00FAs agus Marjorie, Bantiarna Charraig. Cor\u00F3na\u00EDodh Roibeard Br\u00FAs ina R\u00ED na hAlban sa bhliain 1306 ach n\u00ED bhfuair s\u00E9 seilbh ioml\u00E1n ar a r\u00EDocht go dt\u00ED gur bhuaigh s\u00E9 ar \u00C9adbhard II, R\u00ED Shasana, ag Cath Allt a\u2019Bhonnaich, ar 23-24 Meitheamh 1314."@ga . . . "Roberto I.a Eskoziakoa , ingelesez Robert the Bruce izenaz ezaguna, (erdi aroko gaeleraz: Roibert a Briuis; egungo Eskoziako gaelera: Raibeart Bruis; : Robert de Brus edo Robert de Bruys) Eskoziako erregea izan zen 1306tik 1329an hil arte."@eu . 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\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C0\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03B6\u03C5\u03B3\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0399\u03C3\u03B1\u03B2\u03AD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 (1327), \u03BF \u03BD\u03B5\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0395\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03AC\u03C1\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u0393\u0384 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0391\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03A3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B8\u03AE\u03BA\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0395\u03B4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5 - \u039D\u03BF\u03C1\u03B8\u03AC\u03BC\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03AD\u03BA\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B3\u03BD\u03CE\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BA\u03C9\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2. \u039F \u03A1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AD\u03C1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u039C\u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03AD\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0399\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1329 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03AC\u03C6\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03B2\u03B1\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039D\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03BB\u03B9\u03BD, \u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C1\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03B2\u03B1\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039C\u03B5\u03BB\u03C1\u03CC\u03BF\u03C5\u03B6."@el . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\uFF08Robert I, 1274\u5E747\u670811\u65E5 - 1329\u5E746\u67087\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u5728\u4F4D\uFF1A1306\u5E74 - 1329\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\uFF08\u30C9\u30A5\u30FB\uFF09\u30D6\u30EB\u30FC\u30B9\uFF08\u4E2D\u4E16\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u8A9E (Middle Irish) \uFF1ARoibert a Briuis, \u73FE\u4EE3\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u8A9E\uFF1ARaibeart Bruis, \u30A2\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\uFF1D\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert de Brus \u306A\u3044\u3057 Robert de Bruys\uFF09\u306E\u540D\u3067\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u7236\u65B9\u306E\u7956\u5148\u306F\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30FC\u306E\u30D6\u30EA\u30FC (Brix) \u3092\u51FA\u81EA\u3068\u3059\u308B\u306E\u5BB6\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6BCD\u65B9\u306F\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30B2\u30FC\u30EB\u4EBA\u306E\u5BB6\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u6700\u3082\u5049\u5927\u306A\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u56FD\u738B\u306E\u4E00\u4EBA\u3068\u306A\u308A\u3001\u540C\u6642\u306B\u305D\u306E\u4E16\u4EE3\u3067\u6700\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u305F\u6226\u58EB\u306E\u4E00\u4EBA\u306B\u306A\u308A\u3001\u9042\u306B\u306F\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u56FD\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3092\u7387\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u30C7\u30A4\u30F4\u30A3\u30C3\u30C91\u4E16\u306E\u8840\u3092\u5F15\u304F\u8005 \u3068\u3057\u3066\u738B\u4F4D\u3092\u8ACB\u6C42\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7D71\u6CBB\u671F\u9593\u4E2D\u306B\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u5730\u3092\u72EC\u7ACB\u56FD\u5BB6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56DE\u5FA9\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u9996\u5C3E\u3088\u304F\u6226\u3044\u629C\u3044\u305F\u3002\u4ECA\u65E5\u306E\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306F\u56FD\u6C11\u7684\u82F1\u96C4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8A18\u61B6\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306E\u907A\u4F53\u306F\u306B\u57CB\u846C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u5FC3\u81D3\u306F\u30E1\u30EB\u30ED\u30FC\u30BA\u4FEE\u9053\u9662\u306B\u57CB\u846C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u4FE1\u3058\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306E\u526F\u5B98\u3067\u53CB\u4EBA\u306E\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA\u30FB\u30C0\u30B0\u30E9\u30B9\u537F (James Douglas, Lord of Douglas) \u306F\u3001\u5F8C\u306B\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C81\u4E16\u306E\u4FDD\u5B58\u3055\u308C\u305F\u5FC3\u81D3\u3092\u5341\u5B57\u8ECD\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8056\u5730\u306B\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u540C\u610F\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30E0\u30FC\u30A2\u4EBA\u306E\u30B0\u30E9\u30CA\u30C0\u306B\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305F\u306E\u307F\u3060\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u4F1D\u627F\u3067\u306F\u30C0\u30B0\u30E9\u30B9\u304C\u3067\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u90E8\u968A\u3092\u7387\u3044\u3066\u6B7B\u3093\u3060\u969B\u306B\u306F\u3001\u5FC3\u81D3\u306F\u9280\u306E\u7BB1\u306B\u5165\u308C\u3066\u904B\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Isabella of Mar"@en . . . . . "26582"^^ . . . "Robert I. (11. \u010Dervence 1274 \u2013 7. \u010Dervna 1329 Cardross Castle), p\u016Fvodn\u00EDm jm\u00E9nem Robert Bruce, 9. lord z Annandale, hrab\u011B z Carricku a v letech 1306 a\u017E 1329 skotsk\u00FD kr\u00E1l. Skotskou nez\u00E1vislost pojistil v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00EDm v bitv\u011B u Bannockburnu roku 1314."@cs . "Robert I., englisch besser bekannt als Robert Bruce, auch Robert the Bruce (* 11. Juli 1274; \u2020 7. Juni 1329 in Cardross, Dunbartonshire), war von 1306 bis zu seinem Tod 1329 K\u00F6nig von Schottland. Die mittelalterliche schottisch-g\u00E4lische Schreibweise lautete Roibert a Briuis, die normannisch-franz\u00F6sische Robert de Brus. W\u00E4hrend der Schottischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskriege gegen England war er Anf\u00FChrer der aufst\u00E4ndischen Schotten. Robert war ein Ururururenkel K\u00F6nig Davids I. und begr\u00FCndete damit seinen Anspruch auf den schottischen Thron. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Herrscher Schottlands."@de . . . . "Robert I av Skottland eller Robert (the) Bruce, f\u00F6dd 11 juli 1274, d\u00F6d 7 juni 1329, var f\u00F6rst earl av och sedermera kung av Skottland (1306). Han var sonson till Robert Bruce av Annandale och morfar till Robert II av Skottland."@sv . . . . . . . . "\u2013 Dunfermline Abbey"@en . . . . . . "Robert de Brus, noto in inglese come Robert Bruce o Robert the Bruce, titolo regale Roberto I di Scozia (Ayrshire, 11 luglio 1274 \u2013 , 7 giugno 1329), \u00E8 stato re di Scozia dal 1306 al 1329. Scozzese e di ascendenza Pitta secondo gli Scozzesi, di ascendenza francese secondo gli inglesi e gaelica secondo gli Irlandesi, fu uno dei pi\u00F9 grandi re della Scozia, e anche uno dei guerrieri pi\u00F9 famosi della sua epoca. Condusse la Scozia contro il Regno d'Inghilterra durante le Guerre di indipendenza scozzesi. Era il pronipote di Davide I di Scozia. Il nonno Robert Bruce, V Signore di Annandale, fu uno dei pretendenti al trono scozzese durante la \"Grande Causa\". Come Earl di Carrick, Robert Bruce appoggi\u00F2 la rivendicazione della sua famiglia al trono scozzese e prese parte alla rivolta di William Wallace contro Edoardo I d'Inghilterra. Nominato nel 1298 Guardiano della Scozia al fianco del suo principale rivale per il trono, John Comyn, III Signore di Badenoch e William Lamberton, vescovo di St Andrews, in seguito si dimise nel 1300 a causa delle sue liti con Comyn e la restaurazione apparentemente imminente di John Balliol sul trono scozzese. Dopo essersi sottomesso a Edoardo I nel 1302 ed essere ritornato alla \"pace del re\", Robert riprese la rivendicazione della sua famiglia al trono scozzese alla morte del padre. Nel febbraio 1306, dopo aver ferito Comyn, Bruce fu scomunicato dal Papa (anche se ricevette l'assoluzione da Robert Wishart, vescovo di Glasgow). Bruce si mosse rapidamente per conquistare il trono e fu incoronato re di Scozia il 25 marzo 1306. Le forze di Edoardo I sconfissero Robert in battaglia, costringendolo a fuggire nascondendosi, prima di riapparire nel 1307 e sconfiggere un esercito inglese a Loudoun Hill, attuando una guerriglia di successo contro il sovrano inglese. Bruce sconfisse i suoi nemici scozzesi, distruggendo le loro fortezze e devastando le loro terre, e nel 1309 convoc\u00F2 per la prima volta il parlamento scozzese. Una serie di vittorie militari tra il 1310 e il 1314 gli permisero il controllo di gran parte della Scozia, e nella Battaglia di Bannockburn nel 1314, Robert sconfisse un esercito inglese molto pi\u00F9 grande guidato da Edoardo II d'Inghilterra, confermando il ristabilimento di un regno scozzese indipendente."@it . "Plaster cast of Robert I's skull by William Scoular"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ba \u00E9 Roibeard Br\u00FAs, n\u00F3 Raibeart I, R\u00ED na hAlban mac le Roibeart Br\u00FAs agus Marjorie, Bantiarna Charraig. Cor\u00F3na\u00EDodh Roibeard Br\u00FAs ina R\u00ED na hAlban sa bhliain 1306 ach n\u00ED bhfuair s\u00E9 seilbh ioml\u00E1n ar a r\u00EDocht go dt\u00ED gur bhuaigh s\u00E9 ar \u00C9adbhard II, R\u00ED Shasana, ag Cath Allt a\u2019Bhonnaich, ar 23-24 Meitheamh 1314."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . .