. . . "vertical"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u6307\u7684\u662F\u81EA\u516C\u5143\u524D530\u5E74\u81F3\u516C\u514370\u5E74\uFF0C\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u65F6\u671F\u3002\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u5185\u51E0\u5927\u6D3E\u522B\uFF0C\u6CD5\u5229\u8D5B\u4EBA\u3001\u6492\u90FD\u8BE5\u4EBA\u3001\u827E\u8D5B\u5C3C\u4EBA\u548C\u3001\u594B\u9510\u515A\u4EBA\u5728\u8FD9\u4E00\u65F6\u671F\u5F62\u6210\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u4EE5\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u72B9\u592A\u2013\u7F57\u9A6C\u6218\u4E89\u548C\u7F57\u9A6C\u4EBA\u6467\u6BC1\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u548C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u544A\u7EC8\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u7684\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u770B\u4E3A\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4EA7\u7269\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u7FA4\u4F53\u7684\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5BF9\u8FD9\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u56DE\u5E94\u3002\u9996\u5148\uFF0C\u516C\u5143\u524D587/6 \u5E74\uFF0C\u5357\u56FD\u72B9\u5927\u56FD\u88AB\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u706D\u56FD\uFF0C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5931\u53BB\u4E86\u72EC\u7ACB\u56FD\u5BB6\u3001\u541B\u4E3B\u5236\u5EA6\u3001\u5723\u57CE\u548C\u7B2C\u4E00\u5723\u6BBF\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u4EBA\u88AB\u6D41\u653E\u5230\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u3002\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u56E0\u800C\u9762\u4E34\u5173\u4E8E\u4E0A\u5E1D\u672C\u8D28\u3001\u6743\u67C4\u3001\u826F\u5584\u7684\u795E\u5B66\u5371\u673A\uFF1B\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u4E4B\u56DA\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u548C\u5F02\u65CF\u5171\u540C\u751F\u6D3B\uFF0C\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8840\u7F18\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u4EEA\u5F0F\u90FD\u53D7\u5230\u51B2\u51FB\u3002\u5728\u4ED6\u4EEC\u6700\u611F\u5230\u9700\u8981\u652F\u6301\u548C\u6307\u5F15\u7684\u65F6\u5019\uFF0C\u7F3A\u4E4F\u53D7\u8BA4\u53EF\u7684\u5148\u77E5\u4F7F\u5F97\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u611F\u5230\u6CA1\u6709\u65B9\u5411\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u5371\u673A\u662F\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u88AB\u5E0C\u814A\u6587\u5316\u6E17\u900F\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u5F15\u53D1\u516C\u5143\u524D167\u5E74\u9A6C\u52A0\u6BD4\u8D77\u4E49\u3002\u7B2C\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u662F\u7F57\u9A6C\u4EBA\u5360\u9886\u72B9\u5730\u4E9A\u3002\u4EE5\u516C\u5143\u524D63\u5E74\u7F57\u9A6C\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5C06\u519B \u5E9E\u57F9\u5360\u9886\u72B9\u5730\u4E9A\u5730\u533A\uFF0C\u6D17\u52AB\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u4E3A\u5F00\u7AEF\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u5371\u673A\u5305\u62EC\u5927\u5E0C\u5F8B\u738B\u88AB\u7F57\u9A6C\u5143\u8001\u9662\u5C01\u4E3A\u201C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u7684\u738B\u201D\uFF0C\u548C\u5E0C\u5F8B\u738B\u56FD\u7684\u5EFA\u7ACB\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "\u03A0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0394\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 \u039D\u03B1\u03BF\u03CD"@el . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u05EA\u05DC \u05D9\u05D5\u05D3\u05E4\u05EA \u05D5\u05D7\u05E6\u05D1\u05D9\u05DD.jpg"@en . . . . "75"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Periode Bait Suci Kedua dalam sejarah Yahudi berlangsung antara tahun 530 SM sampai 70 M, ketika Bait Suci Kedua berdiri di Yerusalem. Sekte Farisi, Saduki, Eseni, dan Zelot terbentuk selama periode ini. Periode Bait Suci Kedua berakhir pada waktu Perang Yahudi-Romawi Pertama dan penghancuran Yerusalem serta Bait Suci oleh orang Romawi."@in . . . "La p\u00E9riode du Second Temple d\u00E9signe dans l'histoire des Juifs la p\u00E9riode qui s\u2019\u00E9tend depuis le retour des Juifs en Jud\u00E9e \u00E0 partir du milieu du VIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019au Ier si\u00E8cle. La p\u00E9riode du Second Temple int\u00E8gre beaucoup de l'Isra\u00EBl antique. Le Second Temple de J\u00E9rusalem est le principal centre religieux des Juifs, m\u00EAme s\u2019il existe en dehors de la Jud\u00E9e d\u2019autres temples o\u00F9 sont pratiqu\u00E9s des sacrifices. La Jud\u00E9e est successivement soumise aux diff\u00E9rentes puissances r\u00E9gionales. Elle forme progressivement une province au sein de l\u2019empire perse ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide, appel\u00E9e Yehoud Medinata. Cette province est \u00E0 son tour absorb\u00E9e par les royaumes hell\u00E9nistiques lagides puis s\u00E9leucides au IVe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., jusqu'\u00E0 une courte p\u00E9riode d'ind\u00E9pendance aux IIe et Ier si\u00E8cles av. J.-C. sous la con"@fr . . . . . "right"@en . . "19890049"^^ . "150"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A"@ar . "The Second Temple period in Jewish history lasted approximately 600 years (516 BCE - 70 CE), during which the Second Temple existed. It started with the return to Zion and the construction of the Second Temple, while it ended with the First Jewish\u2013Roman War and the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. In 587/6 BCE, the Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The Judeans lost their independence and monarchy, and their holy city was destroyed. Part of the Judean population was exiled to Babylon; it was eventually allowed to return following a proclamation by the Persian king Cyrus the Great that was issued after the fall of Babylon to the Achaemenid Empire. Under Persian provincial governance (c. 539 \u2013 c. 332 BCE), the returned Jewish population in Judah was allowed to self-govern and rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. In 332 BCE, Judea was conquered by Alexander the Great, and later incorporated into the Ptolemaic Kingdom (c. 301-200 BCE) and the Seleucid Empire (c. 200\u2013167 BCE). The Maccabean revolt against Seleucid rule led to the establishment of an independent Hasmonean Kingdom (140\u201337 BCE), which later, via a series of military campaigns expanded over much of modern Israel and parts of Jordan and Lebanon. In 63 BCE, the kingdom was conquered by the Roman Republic, and in 37 BCE, the Romans appointed Herod the Great as king of a vassal Judea. In 6 BCE, it was fully incorporated into the Roman Empire as the province of Judaea. Growing dissatisfaction with Roman rule eventually led to the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE), which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple, bringing an end to the Second Temple period. As Second Temple Judaism developed, multiple religious currents emerged and extensive cultural, religious, and political developments occurred. The development of the Hebrew Bible canon, the synagogue and Jewish eschatology can be traced back to the Second Temple period. According to Jewish tradition, prophecy ceased during the early Second Temple period; this left the Jews without their version of divine guidance at a time when they felt most in need of support and direction. Under Hellenistic rule, the growing influence of Hellenism in Judaism became a source of dissent for those Jews who clung to their monotheistic faith; this was a major catalyst for the Maccabean revolt. A number of messianic ideas developed during the later Second Temple period. From c. 170 BCE to 30 CE, five successive generations of zugot (\"pairs of\") leaders headed the Jews' spiritual affairs. It was during this period that the sects of the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots, and early Christianity were formed. The destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple in 70 CE is considered one of the most cataclysmic events in Jewish history. The loss of mother-city and temple necessitated a reshaping of Jewish culture to ensure its survival. Judaism's Temple-based sects, most notably the Sadducees, diminished in importance and disappeared. Rabbinic Judaism, centered around communal synagogue worship and Torah study, eventually evolved out of the Pharisaic school and became the mainstream form of the religion. During the same period, Christianity gradually separated from Judaism, becoming a predominantly Gentile religion. A few decades after the First Jewish-Roman War, the Bar-Kokhba Revolt (132-135 CE) erupted; it further dwindled the Jewish population in Judea and enhanced the role of Jewish diaspora, relocating the Jewish demographic center to Galilee and Babylon, with smaller communities across the Mediterranean."@en . . . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . . "El per\u00EDodo del Segundo Templo en la historia jud\u00EDa dur\u00F3 entre el 530 a. C. y el 70 d. C.,\u200B cuando existi\u00F3 el Segundo Templo de Jerusal\u00E9n. Durante este per\u00EDodo se formaron las sectas de fariseos, saduceos, esenios y zelotes. El per\u00EDodo del Segundo Templo termin\u00F3 con la primera guerra judeo-romana y la destrucci\u00F3n romana de Jerusal\u00E9n y del Templo. Despu\u00E9s de la muerte de los \u00FAltimos profetas jud\u00EDos de la antig\u00FCedad y todav\u00EDa bajo el dominio persa, el liderazgo del pueblo jud\u00EDo estaba en manos de cinco generaciones sucesivas de zugot (\u00ABpares de\u00BB) l\u00EDderes. Florecieron primero (539-332 a. C.), luego bajo los griegos (332-167 a. C.), luego bajo un reino asmoneo independiente (140-37 a. C.) y luego bajo los romanos (63 a. C.-132 d. C.). Durante este per\u00EDodo, el juda\u00EDsmo del Segundo Templo puede ser visto como moldeado por tres grandes crisis y sus resultados, ya que varios grupos de jud\u00EDos reaccionaron de manera diferente. Primero vino la Reino de Jud\u00E1 en 587/6 a. C., cuando los jud\u00EDos perdieron su independencia, su monarqu\u00EDa, su ciudad santa y el Primer Templo; y fueron en su mayor\u00EDa exiliados a Babilonia. En consecuencia, se enfrentaron a una crisis teol\u00F3gica que involucraba la naturaleza, el poder y la bondad de Dios y tambi\u00E9n fueron amenazados cultural, racial y ceremonialmente cuando fueron arrojados a la proximidad de otros pueblos y grupos religiosos. La posterior ausencia de profetas reconocidos en el per\u00EDodo los dej\u00F3 sin su versi\u00F3n de gu\u00EDa divina en un momento en que se sent\u00EDan m\u00E1s en necesidad de apoyo y direcci\u00F3n.\u200B La segunda crisis fue la creciente influencia del helenismo en el juda\u00EDsmo, que culmin\u00F3 con la rebeli\u00F3n macabea de 167 a. C. La tercera crisis fue la ocupaci\u00F3n romana de la regi\u00F3n, comenzando con Pompeyo y su saqueo de Jerusal\u00E9n en el 63 a. C.\u200B Esto incluye el nombramiento de Herodes el Grande como Rey de los jud\u00EDos por el Senado romano y el establecimiento del que comprende partes de lo que hoy son Israel, la Autoridad Palestina, la Franja de Gaza, Jordania, el L\u00EDbano y Siria."@es . "Ossuaries of Jesus son of Joseph and more.JPG"@en . . "The Caiaphas ossuary, discovered in south Jerusalem. It mentions Joseph ben Caiaphas of New Testament fame, high priest from 18-36 CE"@en . . . . "Second Temple period ossuaries"@en . . . . . . . . . "Reconstruction of Herod's Temple in the Holyland Model of Jerusalem"@en . . . . . "\u0627\u0645\u062A\u062F\u062A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 516 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 70 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u0633. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062A \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064A\u0633\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062F\u0648\u0642\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064A\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063A\u064A\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064A\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u062A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062A\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062F\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644."@ar . . "The port of Caesarea Maritima"@en . "500"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "horizontal"@en . . . . "Davidson Center - Jerusalem Archaeological Park - The Western Wall overground 2.jpg"@en . . . . . "\uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uAE30\uB294 \uC5D0\uC11C \uC608\uB8E8\uC0B4\uB818\uC5D0 \uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uC774 \uC874\uC7AC\uD588\uB358 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 516\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C \uC11C\uAE30 70\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB9AC\uC0C8\uD30C, \uC0AC\uB450\uAC1C\uD30C, \uC5D0\uC138\uB124\uD30C, \uC5F4\uC2EC\uB2F9, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uCD08\uAE30 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uAC00 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uD615\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uAE30\uB294 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC720\uB300-\uB85C\uB9C8 \uC804\uC7C1\uACFC \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uC608\uB8E8\uC0B4\uB818\uACFC \uC131\uC804 \uD30C\uAD34\uB85C \uB05D\uB09C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uC9C0\uB9C9 \uB124\uBE44\uC784(\uC720\uB300\uC778 \uC120\uC9C0\uC790)\uC758 \uC8FD\uC74C \uC774\uD6C4 \uC5EC\uC804\uD788 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30 \uD558\uC5D0 \uC788\uC744 \uB54C, \uC720\uB300\uC778\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uB294 \uB2E4\uC12F\uBA85\uC758 (zugot, \uC9DD)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uACF3\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uD1B5\uCE58\uCCB4\uACC4\uB294 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 539 - 332\uB144), \uD5EC\uB808\uB2C8\uC998 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 332 - 167\uB144), \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB3C5\uB9BD \uD558\uC2A4\uBAA8\uB2C8\uC548 \uC655\uAD6D(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 140-37\uB144)\uACFC \uB85C\uB9C8 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 63-\uAE30\uC6D0\uD6C4 132\uB144)\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uACC4\uC18D \uBC88\uC131\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Periodo del Secondo Tempio"@it . . "Kayafa's Ossuary 1.JPG"@en . . . . . . . . "The hill where ancient Yodfat stood; the ruins of Gamla; stone piles near the Western Wall thought to have been thrown by Roman legionaries during the destruction of the Second Temple"@en . . . . . . . . "\u0397 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0394\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 \u039D\u03B1\u03BF\u03CD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AE\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD 516 \u03C0.\u03A7. \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 70 \u03BC.\u03A7., \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5 \u03BF \u0394\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u039D\u03B1\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0399\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B1\u03BB\u03AE\u03BC. \u039F\u03B9 \u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A6\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A3\u03B1\u03B4\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03BA\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0395\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0396\u03B7\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 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\u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03AF\u03B4\u03C1\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0397\u03C1\u03C9\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0399\u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03B1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03AC\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03BD \u0399\u03C3\u03C1\u03B1\u03B7\u03BB\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03B4\u03B1\u03C6\u03CE\u03BD \u0399\u03BF\u03C1\u03B4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u039B\u03B9\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03A3\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2."@el . "300"^^ . . . . . . "Reconstruction of Herod's Temple"@en . . . "Port of Caesarea Maritima"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u6307\u7684\u662F\u81EA\u516C\u5143\u524D530\u5E74\u81F3\u516C\u514370\u5E74\uFF0C\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u65F6\u671F\u3002\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u5185\u51E0\u5927\u6D3E\u522B\uFF0C\u6CD5\u5229\u8D5B\u4EBA\u3001\u6492\u90FD\u8BE5\u4EBA\u3001\u827E\u8D5B\u5C3C\u4EBA\u548C\u3001\u594B\u9510\u515A\u4EBA\u5728\u8FD9\u4E00\u65F6\u671F\u5F62\u6210\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u4EE5\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u72B9\u592A\u2013\u7F57\u9A6C\u6218\u4E89\u548C\u7F57\u9A6C\u4EBA\u6467\u6BC1\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u548C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u544A\u7EC8\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F\u7684\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u770B\u4E3A\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4EA7\u7269\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u7FA4\u4F53\u7684\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5BF9\u8FD9\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u56DE\u5E94\u3002\u9996\u5148\uFF0C\u516C\u5143\u524D587/6 \u5E74\uFF0C\u5357\u56FD\u72B9\u5927\u56FD\u88AB\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u706D\u56FD\uFF0C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5931\u53BB\u4E86\u72EC\u7ACB\u56FD\u5BB6\u3001\u541B\u4E3B\u5236\u5EA6\u3001\u5723\u57CE\u548C\u7B2C\u4E00\u5723\u6BBF\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u4EBA\u88AB\u6D41\u653E\u5230\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u3002\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u56E0\u800C\u9762\u4E34\u5173\u4E8E\u4E0A\u5E1D\u672C\u8D28\u3001\u6743\u67C4\u3001\u826F\u5584\u7684\u795E\u5B66\u5371\u673A\uFF1B\u5DF4\u6BD4\u4F26\u4E4B\u56DA\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u548C\u5F02\u65CF\u5171\u540C\u751F\u6D3B\uFF0C\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8840\u7F18\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u4EEA\u5F0F\u90FD\u53D7\u5230\u51B2\u51FB\u3002\u5728\u4ED6\u4EEC\u6700\u611F\u5230\u9700\u8981\u652F\u6301\u548C\u6307\u5F15\u7684\u65F6\u5019\uFF0C\u7F3A\u4E4F\u53D7\u8BA4\u53EF\u7684\u5148\u77E5\u4F7F\u5F97\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u611F\u5230\u6CA1\u6709\u65B9\u5411\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u5371\u673A\u662F\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u88AB\u5E0C\u814A\u6587\u5316\u6E17\u900F\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u5F15\u53D1\u516C\u5143\u524D167\u5E74\u9A6C\u52A0\u6BD4\u8D77\u4E49\u3002\u7B2C\u4E09\u5927\u5371\u673A\u662F\u7F57\u9A6C\u4EBA\u5360\u9886\u72B9\u5730\u4E9A\u3002\u4EE5\u516C\u5143\u524D63\u5E74\u7F57\u9A6C\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5C06\u519B \u5E9E\u57F9\u5360\u9886\u72B9\u5730\u4E9A\u5730\u533A\uFF0C\u6D17\u52AB\u8036\u8DEF\u6492\u51B7\u4E3A\u5F00\u7AEF\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u5371\u673A\u5305\u62EC\u5927\u5E0C\u5F8B\u738B\u88AB\u7F57\u9A6C\u5143\u8001\u9662\u5C01\u4E3A\u201C\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u7684\u738B\u201D\uFF0C\u548C\u5E0C\u5F8B\u738B\u56FD\u7684\u5EFA\u7ACB\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Herodium .jpg"@en . . . . . "Per\u00EDode del Segon Temple"@ca . . . . . "\u05E7\u05D9\u05E1\u05E8\u05D9\u05D4 \u05D4\u05E2\u05EA\u05D9\u05E7\u05D4.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . "Second Temple period ossuaries discovered in Jerusalem, Israel Museum."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ezra Reads the Law to the People"@en . . "\uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uAE30"@ko . "Per\u00EDodo do Segundo Templo"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Second Temple period"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Illustrations by Gustav Dore"@en . . . "El per\u00EDodo del Segundo Templo en la historia jud\u00EDa dur\u00F3 entre el 530 a. C. y el 70 d. C.,\u200B cuando existi\u00F3 el Segundo Templo de Jerusal\u00E9n. Durante este per\u00EDodo se formaron las sectas de fariseos, saduceos, esenios y zelotes. El per\u00EDodo del Segundo Templo termin\u00F3 con la primera guerra judeo-romana y la destrucci\u00F3n romana de Jerusal\u00E9n y del Templo."@es . . . . "75306"^^ . "\uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uAE30\uB294 \uC5D0\uC11C \uC608\uB8E8\uC0B4\uB818\uC5D0 \uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uC774 \uC874\uC7AC\uD588\uB358 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 516\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C \uC11C\uAE30 70\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB9AC\uC0C8\uD30C, \uC0AC\uB450\uAC1C\uD30C, \uC5D0\uC138\uB124\uD30C, \uC5F4\uC2EC\uB2F9, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uCD08\uAE30 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uAC00 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uD615\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uC131\uC804\uAE30\uB294 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC720\uB300-\uB85C\uB9C8 \uC804\uC7C1\uACFC \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uC608\uB8E8\uC0B4\uB818\uACFC \uC131\uC804 \uD30C\uAD34\uB85C \uB05D\uB09C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uC9C0\uB9C9 \uB124\uBE44\uC784(\uC720\uB300\uC778 \uC120\uC9C0\uC790)\uC758 \uC8FD\uC74C \uC774\uD6C4 \uC5EC\uC804\uD788 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30 \uD558\uC5D0 \uC788\uC744 \uB54C, \uC720\uB300\uC778\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uB294 \uB2E4\uC12F\uBA85\uC758 (zugot, \uC9DD)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uACF3\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uD1B5\uCE58\uCCB4\uACC4\uB294 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 539 - 332\uB144), \uD5EC\uB808\uB2C8\uC998 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 332 - 167\uB144), \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB3C5\uB9BD \uD558\uC2A4\uBAA8\uB2C8\uC548 \uC655\uAD6D(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 140-37\uB144)\uACFC \uB85C\uB9C8 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30(\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 63-\uAE30\uC6D0\uD6C4 132\uB144)\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uACC4\uC18D \uBC88\uC131\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC758 \uC81C2\uC131\uC804 \uC720\uB300\uAD50\uB294 \uC138\uAC1C\uC758 \uAE30\uB85C\uB97C \uB9DE\uC774\uD558\uACE0 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC720\uB300\uC778 \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4\uB4E4\uC774 \uC774\uC5D0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uB300\uC751 \uC591\uC0C1\uC744 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC900\uB2E4. \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uAE30\uB85C\uB294 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 587/6\uB144\uC758 \uC774\uB2E4. \uC720\uB300\uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB97C \uBE7C\uC557\uACBC\uC744 \uBFD0 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uC81C 1 \uC131\uC804\uACFC \uAC70\uB8E9\uD55C \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC5ED\uC2DC \uC783\uC5B4\uBC84\uB9AC\uACE0 \uBC14\uBE4C\uB860 \uC720\uC218\uB97C \uB2F9\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 \uC790\uC5F0\uC2A4\uB7FD\uAC8C \uC790\uC5F0, \uD798, \uC2E0\uC758 \uC120\uD568\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC2E0\uD559\uC801 \uACE0\uBE44\uB97C \uB9DE\uC774\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uACE0, \uC774\uAD50\uB3C4\uB4E4 \uC0AC\uC774\uB85C \uC62E\uACA8\uC9D0\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBB38\uD654, \uC885\uAD50, \uC758\uC2DD\uC801\uC778 \uC704\uD611 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uC9C1\uBA74\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB2E4\uAC00 \uC720\uC218 \uD6C4\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD560\uB9CC\uD55C \uC120\uC9C0\uC790 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uC2E0\uC758 \uC778\uB3C4\uC640 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uAC00 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uD544\uC694\uD560 \uB54C\uC5D0 \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uC758 \uC9C0\uB3C4 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uBC1B\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uB450 \uBC88\uC9F8 \uAE30\uB85C\uB294 \uD5EC\uB808\uB2C8\uC998\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uACB0\uACFC \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 167\uB144\uC5D0 \uB9C8\uCE74\uBCA0\uC624\uC758 \uBC18\uB780\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uC138 \uBC88\uC9F8 \uAE30\uB85C\uB294 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 63\uB144\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uD3FC\uD398\uC774\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uD669\uC81C\uC758 \uB85C \uC2DC\uC791\uB41C \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC6D0\uB85C\uC6D0\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uD5E4\uB85C\uB370 1\uC138\uAC00 \uC720\uB300\uC778\uC758 \uC655\uC73C\uB85C \uCD94\uB300\uB418\uACE0 \uC720\uB300\uC758 \uD5E4\uB85C\uB370 \uC655\uAD6D\uC774 \uC218\uB9BD\uB418\uB294\uB370, \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uC774\uC2A4\uB77C\uC5D8, \uD314\uB808\uC2A4\uD0C0\uC778 \uC9C0\uC5ED, \uC694\uB974\uB2E8, \uB808\uBC14\uB17C, \uC2DC\uB9AC\uC544\uAC00 \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . "P\u00E9riode du Second Temple"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Herodium, a palace fortress built by Herod"@en . . . . . . . "Periode Bait Suci Kedua dalam sejarah Yahudi berlangsung antara tahun 530 SM sampai 70 M, ketika Bait Suci Kedua berdiri di Yerusalem. Sekte Farisi, Saduki, Eseni, dan Zelot terbentuk selama periode ini. Periode Bait Suci Kedua berakhir pada waktu Perang Yahudi-Romawi Pertama dan penghancuran Yerusalem serta Bait Suci oleh orang Romawi. Setelah kematian nevi'im (nabi-nabi Yahudi) kuno terakhir dan ketika bangsa itu masih di bawah pemerintahan Persia, kepemimpinan orang-orang Yahudi berada berturut-turut di tangan lima generasi zugot (\"pasangan\") pemimpin. Mereka berkembang pertama kali pada di bawah pemerintahan Persia (~ 539 \u2013 ~ 332 SM), kemudian pada di bawah pemerintahan Yunani (~ 332-167 SM), selanjutnya di bawah Hasmonea Raya yang independen (140-37 SM), dan akhirnya di bawah pemerintahan Romawi (63 SM \u2013 132 M). Selama periode ini, Yudaisme Bait Kedua dapat dilihat sebagai hasil dari tiga krisis besar dan akibat-akibatnya, karena berbagai kelompok orang-orang Yahudi bereaksi secara berbeda. Pertama, kehancuran Kerajaan Yehuda pada tahun 587/6 SM, ketika orang Yahudi kehilangan kemerdekaan, kerajaan, kota suci dan Bait Suci Pertama, malahan sebagian besar dibuang ke Babel. Akibatnya mereka menghadapi krisis teologis yang melibatkan hakikat, kekuasaan, dan kebaikan Allah serta juga menghadapi ancaman secara budaya, ras, dan seremonial karena mereka dilemparkan ke dalam kedekatan dengan bangsa-bangsa dan kelompok agama lain. Tidak adanya para nabi yang diakui pada periode kemudian meninggalkan mereka tanpa versi bimbingan ilahi pada saat mereka merasa paling membutuhkan dukungan dan arahan. Krisis kedua adalah kuatnya pengaruh Hellenisme dalam Yudaisme, yang memuncak pada Pemberontakan Makabe 167 SM. Krisis ketiga adalah pendudukan Romawi atas daerah itu, dimulai dari kedatangan Jenderal Pompeius dan direbutnya Yerusalem pada tahun 63 SM. Ini termasuk penunjukan Herodes Agung sebagai \"Raja orang Yahudi\" oleh Senat Romawi, dan pembentukan Kerajaan Herodes di Yudea yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian apa yang saat ini adalah Israel, Otoritas Palestina, Gaza, Yordania, Lebanon dan Suriah."@in . "Gamla archaeology site.JPG"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "200"^^ . . "Caiaphas ossuary"@en . . . . . . . "Per\u00EDodo del Segundo Templo"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "El per\u00EDode del Segon Temple a la hist\u00F2ria jueva va des del 530 aC fins al 70 dC, quan exist\u00ED el Segon Temple de Jerusalem. Durant aquell per\u00EDode es formaren les sectes dels fariseus, saduceus, essenis i zelotes. El per\u00EDode del Segon Temple acab\u00E0 amb la Primera Guerra Judeoromana i el Setge de Jerusalem del 70 dC amb la destrucci\u00F3 del temple."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nehemiah Views the Ruins of Jerusalem's Walls"@en . . . "108"^^ . "109"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "O per\u00EDodo do Segundo Templo na hist\u00F3ria judaica durou entre 516 a.C. e 70 d.C., quando o Segundo Templo de Jerusal\u00E9m existia. As seitas de fariseus, saduceus, ess\u00EAnios, zelotes e o cristianismo primitivo foram formadas durante este per\u00EDodo. O per\u00EDodo do Segundo Templo terminou com a Primeira Guerra Judaico-Romana e a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o de Jerusal\u00E9m e do Templo pelos Romanos. Ap\u00F3s a morte dos \u00FAltimos Nevi'im (profetas judeus) da antiguidade e ainda sob o dom\u00EDnio persa, a lideran\u00E7a do povo judeu estava nas m\u00E3os de cinco gera\u00E7\u00F5es sucessivas de l\u00EDderes zugot (\"pares de\"). Eles floresceram primeiro sob os persas (c. 539 - c. 332 a.C.), depois sob os gregos (c. 332-167 a.C.), depois sob um reino hasmoneu independente (140-37 a.C.) e, em seguida, sob os romanos (63 a.C. - 132 d.C.). Durante este per\u00EDodo, o juda\u00EDsmo do Segundo Templo pode ser visto como moldado por tr\u00EAs grandes crises e seus resultados, j\u00E1 que v\u00E1rios grupos de judeus reagiram a elas de maneiras diferentes. Primeiro veio a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o do Reino de Jud\u00E1 em 587/6 a.C., quando os judeus perderam sua independ\u00EAncia, monarquia, cidade sagrada e Primeiro Templo e foram parcialmente exilados na Babil\u00F4nia. Consequentemente, eles enfrentaram uma crise teol\u00F3gica envolvendo a natureza, o poder e a bondade de Deus e tamb\u00E9m foram amea\u00E7ados culturalmente, etnicamente e cerimonialmente ao serem colocados em proximidade com outros povos e grupos religiosos. A aus\u00EAncia de profetas reconhecidos no final do per\u00EDodo os deixou sem sua vers\u00E3o da orienta\u00E7\u00E3o divina em um momento em que se sentiam mais necessitados de apoio e orienta\u00E7\u00E3o. A segunda crise foi a crescente influ\u00EAncia do Helenismo no Juda\u00EDsmo, que culminou na Revolta Macabeia de 167 a.C. A terceira crise foi a ocupa\u00E7\u00E3o romana da regi\u00E3o, come\u00E7ando com Pompeu e seu saque de Jerusal\u00E9m em 63 a.C. Isso incluiu a nomea\u00E7\u00E3o de Herodes, o Grande, como Rei dos Judeus pelo Senado Romano, e o estabelecimento do compreendendo partes do que hoje s\u00E3o Israel, territ\u00F3rios palestinos, Jord\u00E2nia, L\u00EDbano e S\u00EDria."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "O per\u00EDodo do Segundo Templo na hist\u00F3ria judaica durou entre 516 a.C. e 70 d.C., quando o Segundo Templo de Jerusal\u00E9m existia. As seitas de fariseus, saduceus, ess\u00EAnios, zelotes e o cristianismo primitivo foram formadas durante este per\u00EDodo. O per\u00EDodo do Segundo Templo terminou com a Primeira Guerra Judaico-Romana e a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o de Jerusal\u00E9m e do Templo pelos Romanos."@pt . 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"\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5723\u6BBF\u65F6\u671F"@zh . . . . "El per\u00EDode del Segon Temple a la hist\u00F2ria jueva va des del 530 aC fins al 70 dC, quan exist\u00ED el Segon Temple de Jerusalem. Durant aquell per\u00EDode es formaren les sectes dels fariseus, saduceus, essenis i zelotes. El per\u00EDode del Segon Temple acab\u00E0 amb la Primera Guerra Judeoromana i el Setge de Jerusalem del 70 dC amb la destrucci\u00F3 del temple. Despr\u00E9s de la mort dels \u00FAltims Nevi\u00EFm de l'antiguitat i encara sota el domini persa, el lideratge del poble jueu estava en mans de cinc generacions successives de zugots l\u00EDders. Floriren primer sota els perses (539-332 aC), despr\u00E9s sota els grecs (332-167 aC), despr\u00E9s sota el regne asmoneu independent (140-37 aC) i finalment sota els romans (63 aC-132 dC). Durant aquest per\u00EDode, el judaisme del Segon Temple pot veure's com format per tres grans crisis i llurs resultats, at\u00E8s que diversos grups de jueus varen reaccionar-hi de manera diferent. Primer vingu\u00E9 la destrucci\u00F3 del Regne de Jud\u00E0 (587/6 aC), quan els jueus perderen la seva independ\u00E8ncia, la seva monarquia, la seva ciutat santa i el Primer Temple; i la majoria foren enviats a l'exili a Babil\u00F2nia. En conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia, s'enfrontaren a una crisi teol\u00F2gica que involucrava la naturalesa, el poder i la bondat de D\u00E9u i tamb\u00E9 foren amena\u00E7ats culturalment, racialment i cerimonialment quan foren llan\u00E7ats a la proximitat d'altres pobles i grups religiosos. La posterior abs\u00E8ncia de profetes reconeguts en el per\u00EDode els deix\u00E0 sense la seva versi\u00F3 de guia divina en un moment en qu\u00E8 se sentien m\u00E9s en necessitat de suport i direcci\u00F3. La segona crisi fou la creixent influ\u00E8ncia de l'hel\u00B7lenisme en el judaisme, que culmin\u00E0 amb la rebel\u00B7li\u00F3 dels macabeus del 167 aC. La tercera crisi fou l'ocupaci\u00F3 romana de Judea, comen\u00E7ant amb Pompeu i el seu saqueig de Jerusalem el 63 aC. Aix\u00F2 inclou el nomenament d'Herodes el Gran com rei dels jueus pel Senat Rom\u00E0 i l'establiment del Regne Herodi\u00E0 de Judea, que compr\u00E8n parts del que avui \u00E9s Israel, Palestina, la Franja de Gaza, Jord\u00E0nia, el L\u00EDban i S\u00EDria."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il periodo del Secondo Tempio, anche detto periodo intertestamentario, \u00E8 stato un'epoca della storia di Israele iniziata nel 597 a.C. con l'esilio babilonese, e durata fino alla distruzione del Secondo Tempio da parte dei romani, nel 70 d.C."@it . "19"^^ . "1123098184"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il periodo del Secondo Tempio, anche detto periodo intertestamentario, \u00E8 stato un'epoca della storia di Israele iniziata nel 597 a.C. con l'esilio babilonese, e durata fino alla distruzione del Secondo Tempio da parte dei romani, nel 70 d.C. Questa fase della storia ebraica fu caratterizzata da instabilit\u00E0 politica, numerose rivolte e guerre, e trasformazioni drastiche della religione ebraica in varie forme, non ultima la nascita degli esseni, delle prime sette giudeo-cristiane e dell'ebraismo rabbinico, ma anche dal consolidamento culturale ed in parte etnico del popolo ebraico dopo la definitiva rottura con l'Impero romano."@it . "La p\u00E9riode du Second Temple d\u00E9signe dans l'histoire des Juifs la p\u00E9riode qui s\u2019\u00E9tend depuis le retour des Juifs en Jud\u00E9e \u00E0 partir du milieu du VIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019au Ier si\u00E8cle. La p\u00E9riode du Second Temple int\u00E8gre beaucoup de l'Isra\u00EBl antique. Le Second Temple de J\u00E9rusalem est le principal centre religieux des Juifs, m\u00EAme s\u2019il existe en dehors de la Jud\u00E9e d\u2019autres temples o\u00F9 sont pratiqu\u00E9s des sacrifices. La Jud\u00E9e est successivement soumise aux diff\u00E9rentes puissances r\u00E9gionales. Elle forme progressivement une province au sein de l\u2019empire perse ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide, appel\u00E9e Yehoud Medinata. Cette province est \u00E0 son tour absorb\u00E9e par les royaumes hell\u00E9nistiques lagides puis s\u00E9leucides au IVe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., jusqu'\u00E0 une courte p\u00E9riode d'ind\u00E9pendance aux IIe et Ier si\u00E8cles av. J.-C. sous la conduite des souverains hasmon\u00E9ens. Le royaume hasmon\u00E9en est finalement int\u00E9gr\u00E9 \u00E0 l'empire romain dans lequel la Jud\u00E9e devient une province romaine. C'est pendant cette p\u00E9riode que se d\u00E9veloppe le juda\u00EFsme hell\u00E9nistique. Au sens strict, la p\u00E9riode du Second Temple d\u00E9signe une p\u00E9riode allant de 539 av. J.-C. \u00E0 70 ap. J.-C.. La communaut\u00E9 juive survit pourtant \u00E0 la destruction du Second Temple de J\u00E9rusalem et ne dispara\u00EEt de Jud\u00E9e qu\u2019apr\u00E8s 135 \u00E0 la suite de la r\u00E9volte de Bar Kokhba. Pendant la p\u00E9riode du Second Temple, le juda\u00EFsme prend forme \u00E0 la suite de trois crises majeures et \u00E0 la mani\u00E8re dont les diff\u00E9rents groupes juifs y ont fait face : la destruction du royaume de Juda et l\u2019exil, la r\u00E9volte des Maccab\u00E9es et les guerres jud\u00E9o-romaines. C\u2019est pendant cette p\u00E9riode que la r\u00E9daction de la Bible h\u00E9bra\u00EFque se termine et que sont r\u00E9dig\u00E9s les livres deut\u00E9rocanoniques et le Nouveau Testament. Commence \u00E9galement le processus d\u2019\u00E9laboration de la Loi orale qui sera mise par \u00E9crit dans la Mishna et le Talmud."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "The Second Temple period in Jewish history lasted approximately 600 years (516 BCE - 70 CE), during which the Second Temple existed. It started with the return to Zion and the construction of the Second Temple, while it ended with the First Jewish\u2013Roman War and the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE."@en . "Periode Bait Suci Kedua"@in . . . . . . . . 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"Herodium"@en .