"\u4FE1\u865F\u535A\u5F08\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Asignaling game\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7531\u4E00\u500B\u767C\u9001\u8005\uFF08S\uFF09\u548C\u53E6\u4E00\u500B\u63A5\u6536\u8005\uFF08R\uFF09\u6240\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u52D5\u614B\u535A\u5F08\u3002\u4E00\u958B\u59CB\u9019\u500B\u767C\u9001\u8005\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u7D66\u5B9A\u7684\u985E\u578B\uFF08t\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u767C\u9001\u8005\u6703\u89C0\u5BDF\u9019\u500B\u6C92\u6709\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\uFF08\u597D\u6BD4\u8AAA\u63A5\u6536\u8005\uFF09\u77E5\u9053\u7684\u985E\u578B\uFF0C\u53BB\u5F9E\u8A0A\u606F\u5806 M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj} \u4E2D\u9078\u64C7\u9001\u51FA\u4E00\u500B\u8A0A\u606F\uFF08m\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u63A5\u6536\u8005\u6703\u89C0\u5BDF\u9019\u500B\u8A0A\u606F\u5F8C\u5F9E\u4ED6\u53EF\u884C\u7684\u52D5\u4F5C\u4E2D A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak} \u9078\u4E00\u500B\u4F5C\u70BA\u53CD\u61C9\u52D5\u4F5C\uFF08a\uFF09\uFF0C\u9019\u88E1\u8981\u6CE8\u610F\u7684\u662F\u63A5\u6536\u8005\u9664\u4E86\u8A0A\u606F\u4E4B\u5916\u5176\u4ED6\u90FD\u7121\u6CD5\u5F97\u77E5\uFF08\u5982\u767C\u9001\u8005\u7684\u985E\u578Bt\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u6839\u64DA\uFF08t, m, a\uFF09\u7684\u7D44\u5408\u4F86\u6C7A\u5B9A\u96D9\u65B9\u6703\u7372\u5F97\u7684\u5831\u916C\u6216\u56DE\u5831\u3002"@zh . . "\u4FE1\u53F7\u535A\u5F08"@zh . . . . . . "\u4FE1\u865F\u535A\u5F08\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Asignaling game\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7531\u4E00\u500B\u767C\u9001\u8005\uFF08S\uFF09\u548C\u53E6\u4E00\u500B\u63A5\u6536\u8005\uFF08R\uFF09\u6240\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u52D5\u614B\u535A\u5F08\u3002\u4E00\u958B\u59CB\u9019\u500B\u767C\u9001\u8005\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u7D66\u5B9A\u7684\u985E\u578B\uFF08t\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u767C\u9001\u8005\u6703\u89C0\u5BDF\u9019\u500B\u6C92\u6709\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\uFF08\u597D\u6BD4\u8AAA\u63A5\u6536\u8005\uFF09\u77E5\u9053\u7684\u985E\u578B\uFF0C\u53BB\u5F9E\u8A0A\u606F\u5806 M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj} \u4E2D\u9078\u64C7\u9001\u51FA\u4E00\u500B\u8A0A\u606F\uFF08m\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u63A5\u6536\u8005\u6703\u89C0\u5BDF\u9019\u500B\u8A0A\u606F\u5F8C\u5F9E\u4ED6\u53EF\u884C\u7684\u52D5\u4F5C\u4E2D A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak} \u9078\u4E00\u500B\u4F5C\u70BA\u53CD\u61C9\u52D5\u4F5C\uFF08a\uFF09\uFF0C\u9019\u88E1\u8981\u6CE8\u610F\u7684\u662F\u63A5\u6536\u8005\u9664\u4E86\u8A0A\u606F\u4E4B\u5916\u5176\u4ED6\u90FD\u7121\u6CD5\u5F97\u77E5\uFF08\u5982\u767C\u9001\u8005\u7684\u985E\u578Bt\uFF09\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u6839\u64DA\uFF08t, m, a\uFF09\u7684\u7D44\u5408\u4F86\u6C7A\u5B9A\u96D9\u65B9\u6703\u7372\u5F97\u7684\u5831\u916C\u6216\u56DE\u5831\u3002"@zh . . "Un juego de se\u00F1alizaci\u00F3n es un juego secuencial y bayesiano con dos jugadores, el emisor (S) y el receptor (R). El remitente tiene un cierto tipo, t, que viene dado por la naturaleza. El remitente observa su propio tipo, mientras que el receptor no conoce el tipo del remitente. Con base en el conocimiento de su propio tipo, el remitente decide enviar un mensaje de un conjunto de mensajes posibles M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj}. El receptor observa el mensaje pero no el tipo de remitente. A continuaci\u00F3n, el receptor elige una acci\u00F3n de un conjunto de acciones factibles A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak}. Los dos jugadores recibir\u00E1n recompensas dependiendo del tipo del remitente, el mensaje elegido por el remitente y la acci\u00F3n elegida por el receptor.\u200B\u200B Un juego relacionado es un juego de escaneo en lugar "@es . "1097555881"^^ . "Un gioco di segnalazione \u00E8 un gioco dinamico con due giocatori, il mittente (S - sender) e il ricevente (R - receiver). Il mittente ha un certo tipo, t, che \u00E8 dato dalla \"natura\" (indicata con N). Il mittente vede il proprio tipo, mentre il ricevitore non lo conosce. Basandosi sulla conoscenza del proprio tipo, il mittente sceglie di inviare un messaggio da una serie di possibili messaggi M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj}. Il ricevente osserva il messaggio, ma non il tipo di mittente. Quindi il ricevente sceglie l'azione da una serie di possibili azioni A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak}."@it . "In game theory, a signaling game is a simple type of a dynamic Bayesian game. The essence of a signalling game is that one player takes an action, the signal, to convey information to another player, where sending the signal is more costly if they are conveying false information. A manufacturer, for example, might provide a warranty for its product in order to signal to consumers that its product is unlikely to break down. The classic example is of a worker who acquires a college degree not because it increases their skill, but because it conveys their ability to employers."@en . . . . . . . . "Signalspiel"@de . . . . "Gioco di segnalazione"@it . . "\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0"@ja . "Juego de se\u00F1alizaci\u00F3n"@es . "28875"^^ . . . . "1395967"^^ . . . . . "Signaling game"@en . . "\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0 (\u82F1: signaling game, \u72EC: Signalspiel) \u306F\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B (sender, Sender) \u3068\u53D7\u3051\u624B (receiver, Empf\u00E4nger) \u3068\u3044\u3046 2 \u4EBA\u306E\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306B\u3088\u308B\u52D5\u5B66\u30D9\u30A4\u30B8\u30A2\u30F3\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6C7A\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3042\u308B\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7 t \u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u81EA\u5206\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u308B\u304C\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u77E5\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u81EA\u5206\u81EA\u8EAB\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u77E5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8 (\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EB) \u306E\u96C6\u5408 M = {m1, m2, ..., mK} \u304B\u3089\u9001\u308B\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3002\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u3053\u306E\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3092\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u308B\u304C\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u3042\u3068\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u884C\u52D5\u306E\u96C6\u5408 A = {a1, a2, ..., aL} \u304B\u3089\u3068\u308B\u884C\u52D5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3002\u4E21\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u304C\u9078\u3093\u3060\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3001\u304A\u3088\u3073\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u304C\u9078\u3093\u3060\u884C\u52D5\u306B\u4F9D\u5B58\u3057\u305F\u5229\u5F97\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u3002\u95A2\u9023\u306E\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306B\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u3053\u3067\u306F\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EB\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u884C\u52D5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306E\u3067\u306A\u304F\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u304C\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306B\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u305F\u63D0\u6848\u3092\u306A\u3057\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u304C\u4F55\u3089\u304B\u306E\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6A29\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002 \u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306F\u3001\u8D99\u3068\u30AF\u30EC\u30D7\u30B9\u306E 1987 \u5E74\u8AD6\u6587\u3067\u5C0E\u5165\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ein Signalspiel (auch Signalisierungsspiel, engl.: signaling game) ist in der Spieltheorie ein mit unvollst\u00E4ndigen Informationen. In der Standardform werden Signalspiele mit zwei Spielern gespielt, wobei ein Spieler, der Sender, Signale abgibt und der Empf\u00E4nger durch die Beobachtung der abgegebenen Signale versucht, R\u00FCckschl\u00FCsse auf den Typ des Senders zu ziehen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass das Senden von Signalen f\u00FCr den Sender mit Kosten verbunden ist, wobei die Kosten vom Typ des Senders abh\u00E4ngen. Signalspiele sind eine Form der Bayesschen Spiele."@de . . . "In game theory, a signaling game is a simple type of a dynamic Bayesian game. The essence of a signalling game is that one player takes an action, the signal, to convey information to another player, where sending the signal is more costly if they are conveying false information. A manufacturer, for example, might provide a warranty for its product in order to signal to consumers that its product is unlikely to break down. The classic example is of a worker who acquires a college degree not because it increases their skill, but because it conveys their ability to employers. A simple signalling game would have two players, the sender and the receiver. The sender has one of two types that we might call \"desirable\" and \"undesirable\" with different payoff functions, where the receiver knows the probability of each type but not which one this particular sender has. The receiver has just one possible type. The sender moves first, choosing an action called the \"signal\" or \"message\" (though the term \"message\" is more often used in non-signalling \"cheap talk\" games where sending messages is costless). The receiver moves second, after observing the signal. The two players receive payoffs dependent on the sender's type, the message chosen by the sender and the action chosen by the receiver. The tension in the game is that the sender wants to persuade the receiver that they have the desirable type, and they will try to choose a signal to do that. Whether this succeeds depends on whether the undesirable type would send the same signal, and how the receiver interprets the signal."@en . . . . . . "Ein Signalspiel (auch Signalisierungsspiel, engl.: signaling game) ist in der Spieltheorie ein mit unvollst\u00E4ndigen Informationen. In der Standardform werden Signalspiele mit zwei Spielern gespielt, wobei ein Spieler, der Sender, Signale abgibt und der Empf\u00E4nger durch die Beobachtung der abgegebenen Signale versucht, R\u00FCckschl\u00FCsse auf den Typ des Senders zu ziehen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass das Senden von Signalen f\u00FCr den Sender mit Kosten verbunden ist, wobei die Kosten vom Typ des Senders abh\u00E4ngen. Signalspiele sind eine Form der Bayesschen Spiele."@de . . "Un juego de se\u00F1alizaci\u00F3n es un juego secuencial y bayesiano con dos jugadores, el emisor (S) y el receptor (R). El remitente tiene un cierto tipo, t, que viene dado por la naturaleza. El remitente observa su propio tipo, mientras que el receptor no conoce el tipo del remitente. Con base en el conocimiento de su propio tipo, el remitente decide enviar un mensaje de un conjunto de mensajes posibles M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj}. El receptor observa el mensaje pero no el tipo de remitente. A continuaci\u00F3n, el receptor elige una acci\u00F3n de un conjunto de acciones factibles A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak}. Los dos jugadores recibir\u00E1n recompensas dependiendo del tipo del remitente, el mensaje elegido por el remitente y la acci\u00F3n elegida por el receptor.\u200B\u200B Un juego relacionado es un juego de escaneo en lugar de elegir una acci\u00F3n basada en una se\u00F1al, el receptor da las propuestas al remitente basado en el tipo del remitente sobre el cual tiene alg\u00FAn control. Los juegos de se\u00F1alizaci\u00F3n se introdujeron por y David M. Kreps en un art\u00EDculo de 1987.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0 (\u82F1: signaling game, \u72EC: Signalspiel) \u306F\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B (sender, Sender) \u3068\u53D7\u3051\u624B (receiver, Empf\u00E4nger) \u3068\u3044\u3046 2 \u4EBA\u306E\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306B\u3088\u308B\u52D5\u5B66\u30D9\u30A4\u30B8\u30A2\u30F3\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6C7A\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3042\u308B\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7 t \u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u81EA\u5206\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u308B\u304C\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u77E5\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306F\u81EA\u5206\u81EA\u8EAB\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3092\u77E5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8 (\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EB) \u306E\u96C6\u5408 M = {m1, m2, ..., mK} \u304B\u3089\u9001\u308B\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3002\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u3053\u306E\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3092\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u308B\u304C\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u89B3\u5BDF\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u3042\u3068\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u306F\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u884C\u52D5\u306E\u96C6\u5408 A = {a1, a2, ..., aL} \u304B\u3089\u3068\u308B\u884C\u52D5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3002\u4E21\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u304C\u9078\u3093\u3060\u30E1\u30C3\u30BB\u30FC\u30B8\u3001\u304A\u3088\u3073\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u304C\u9078\u3093\u3060\u884C\u52D5\u306B\u4F9D\u5B58\u3057\u305F\u5229\u5F97\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u3002\u95A2\u9023\u306E\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306B\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u3053\u3067\u306F\u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EB\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u884C\u52D5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306E\u3067\u306A\u304F\u3001\u53D7\u3051\u624B\u304C\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306B\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u306E\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306B\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u305F\u63D0\u6848\u3092\u306A\u3057\u3001\u9001\u308A\u624B\u304C\u4F55\u3089\u304B\u306E\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6A29\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002 \u30B7\u30B0\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306F\u3001\u8D99\u3068\u30AF\u30EC\u30D7\u30B9\u306E 1987 \u5E74\u8AD6\u6587\u3067\u5C0E\u5165\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Un gioco di segnalazione \u00E8 un gioco dinamico con due giocatori, il mittente (S - sender) e il ricevente (R - receiver). Il mittente ha un certo tipo, t, che \u00E8 dato dalla \"natura\" (indicata con N). Il mittente vede il proprio tipo, mentre il ricevitore non lo conosce. Basandosi sulla conoscenza del proprio tipo, il mittente sceglie di inviare un messaggio da una serie di possibili messaggi M = {m1, m2, m3,..., mj}. Il ricevente osserva il messaggio, ma non il tipo di mittente. Quindi il ricevente sceglie l'azione da una serie di possibili azioni A = {a1, a2, a3,...., ak}. I due giocatori ricevono payoff dipendenti dal tipo scelto dalla natura N, dal messaggio scelto dal mittente, e dall'azione scelta dal ricevente. Nell'esempio illustrato dalla figura, il \"mittente\" \u00E8 il giocatore 1, che pu\u00F2 essere di due tipi, selezionati dalla \"natura\" con probabilit\u00E0 q e 1-q. I messaggi a disposizione del mittente sono A e B, mentre le azioni disponibili per il \"ricevente\" sono X e Y."@it . . . . . . .