. "left"@en . . . "600"^^ . "\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u6CD5\uFF08Stand-your-ground law\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u5F53\u5728\u53D7\u5230\u5A01\u80C1\u6216\u8005\u611F\u5230\u5A01\u80C1\u65F6\u6709\u6743\u4FDD\u62A4\u81EA\u8EAB\u6216\u8005\u4ED6\u4EBA\uFF08\u5373\u4F7F\u52A8\u7528\u7684\u624B\u6BB5\u53EF\u80FD\u81F4\u547D\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u65E0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u662F\u5426\u6709\u5B89\u5168\u64A4\u9000\u4EE5\u907F\u514D\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u3002\u8BE5\u6CD5\u5F8B\u6709\u65F6\u4E5F\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u201C\u5E95\u7EBF\u6CD5\u201D\uFF08Line-in-the-sand law\uFF09\u6216\u8005\u201C\u4E0D\u9000\u8BA9\u6CD5\u201D\uFF08No-duty-to-retreat law\uFF09\u3002\u6B64\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E00\u822C\u4F1A\u5982\u6B64\u89C4\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5728\u4ED6\u53EF\u4EE5\u5408\u6CD5\u505C\u7559\u7684\u533A\u57DF\u4E2D\uFF08\u4F46\u6B64\u7C7B\u533A\u57DF\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u53EF\u80FD\u4E0D\u540C\uFF09\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u5C65\u884C\uFF08Duty to retreat\uFF09\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u4ED6\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8BA4\u4E3A\u4ED6\u5DF2\u7ECF\u53D7\u5230\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5373\u5C06\u6536\u5230\u4F1A\u81F4\u4F24\u6216\u8005\u81F4\u6B7B\u7684\u4E25\u91CD\u5A01\u80C1\uFF0C\u90A3\u4E48\u4ED6\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7528\u4EFB\u4F55\u53EF\u80FD\u7684\u624B\u6BB5\u8FDB\u884C\u53CD\u51FB\u3002 \u57CE\u5821\u6CD5\u662F\u666E\u901A\u6CD5\u7CFB\u7684\u4E00\u6761\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5728\u4ED6\u7684\u4F4F\u6240\uFF08\u6216\u8005\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E2D\u89C4\u5B9A\u7684\u201C\u57CE\u5821\u201D\u533A\u57DF\uFF09\u4E2D\u6CA1\u6709\u9000\u8BA9\u4E49\u52A1\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7528\u5305\u62EC\u81F4\u6B7B\u624B\u6BB5\u7684\u6B66\u529B\u6765\u4FDD\u536B\u4ED6\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u7684\u8D22\u4EA7\u548C\u4EBA\u8EAB\u5B89\u5168\u3002\u800C\u5728\u6B64\u533A\u57DF\u4E4B\u5916\u65F6\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u52A8\u7528\u81F4\u6B7B\u6B66\u529B\u524D\u5C3D\u53EF\u80FD\u5C65\u884C\u9000\u8BA9\u4E49\u52A1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Oni nomas le\u011Dojn de necedado (angle Stand-Your-Ground-Laws) le\u011Dojn de \u0109. 26 \u015Dtatoj de Usono, kiuj permesas uzi perforton \u011Dis mortigan, por defendi sin kontra\u016D atako. Tiuj le\u011Doj superregas la \u011Deneralan devon, cedi al atakanto, anta\u016D ol oni prenas mezurojn, kiuj celas mortigi alian personon a\u016D ege vundi."@eo . . . "Als Stand-Your-Ground-Laws (englisch stand your ground, \u00FCbersetzt etwa \u201Enicht von der Stelle weichen\u201C, \u201Eseinen Platz behaupten\u201C) werden umgangssprachlich Gesetze von zurzeit \u00FCber 30 amerikanischen Bundesstaaten bezeichnet, die es einer Person erlauben, im Extremfall t\u00F6dliche Gewalt anzuwenden, um sich gegen einen rechtswidrigen Angriff zu wehren. Sie setzen die im amerikanischen Recht etablierte Pflicht au\u00DFer Kraft, vor einem Einbrecher oder Angreifer zur\u00FCckzuweichen, bevor man zu \u201Edefensiven Ma\u00DFnahmen greift, die eine andere Person t\u00F6ten oder schwer verletzen sollen oder dieses verursachen k\u00F6nnen\u201C."@de . "\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u6CD5\uFF08Stand-your-ground law\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u5F53\u5728\u53D7\u5230\u5A01\u80C1\u6216\u8005\u611F\u5230\u5A01\u80C1\u65F6\u6709\u6743\u4FDD\u62A4\u81EA\u8EAB\u6216\u8005\u4ED6\u4EBA\uFF08\u5373\u4F7F\u52A8\u7528\u7684\u624B\u6BB5\u53EF\u80FD\u81F4\u547D\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u65E0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u662F\u5426\u6709\u5B89\u5168\u64A4\u9000\u4EE5\u907F\u514D\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u3002\u8BE5\u6CD5\u5F8B\u6709\u65F6\u4E5F\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u201C\u5E95\u7EBF\u6CD5\u201D\uFF08Line-in-the-sand law\uFF09\u6216\u8005\u201C\u4E0D\u9000\u8BA9\u6CD5\u201D\uFF08No-duty-to-retreat law\uFF09\u3002\u6B64\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E00\u822C\u4F1A\u5982\u6B64\u89C4\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5728\u4ED6\u53EF\u4EE5\u5408\u6CD5\u505C\u7559\u7684\u533A\u57DF\u4E2D\uFF08\u4F46\u6B64\u7C7B\u533A\u57DF\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u53EF\u80FD\u4E0D\u540C\uFF09\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u5C65\u884C\uFF08Duty to retreat\uFF09\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u4ED6\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8BA4\u4E3A\u4ED6\u5DF2\u7ECF\u53D7\u5230\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5373\u5C06\u6536\u5230\u4F1A\u81F4\u4F24\u6216\u8005\u81F4\u6B7B\u7684\u4E25\u91CD\u5A01\u80C1\uFF0C\u90A3\u4E48\u4ED6\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7528\u4EFB\u4F55\u53EF\u80FD\u7684\u624B\u6BB5\u8FDB\u884C\u53CD\u51FB\u3002 \u57CE\u5821\u6CD5\u662F\u666E\u901A\u6CD5\u7CFB\u7684\u4E00\u6761\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5728\u4ED6\u7684\u4F4F\u6240\uFF08\u6216\u8005\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E2D\u89C4\u5B9A\u7684\u201C\u57CE\u5821\u201D\u533A\u57DF\uFF09\u4E2D\u6CA1\u6709\u9000\u8BA9\u4E49\u52A1\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7528\u5305\u62EC\u81F4\u6B7B\u624B\u6BB5\u7684\u6B66\u529B\u6765\u4FDD\u536B\u4ED6\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u7684\u8D22\u4EA7\u548C\u4EBA\u8EAB\u5B89\u5168\u3002\u800C\u5728\u6B64\u533A\u57DF\u4E4B\u5916\u65F6\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u52A8\u7528\u81F4\u6B7B\u6B66\u529B\u524D\u5C3D\u53EF\u80FD\u5C65\u884C\u9000\u8BA9\u4E49\u52A1\u3002 \u5728\u666E\u901A\u6CD5\u7CFB\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u5B58\u5728\u64A4\u9000\u907F\u9669\u7684\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\uFF08\u4E5F\u5373\u64A4\u9000\u4E49\u52A1\uFF09\u5219\u4E0D\u80FD\u8FDB\u884C\u81EA\u536B\u3002\u57CE\u5821\u6CD5\u5219\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u4F8B\u5916\uFF0C\u5B83\u514D\u9664\u5728\u5BB6\u8FDB\u884C\u81EA\u536B\u7684\u4E2A\u4F53\u7684\u8D23\u4EFB\uFF08\u5373\u4F7F\u8BE5\u4E2A\u4F53\u5B58\u5728\u64A4\u9000\u907F\u9669\u7684\u53EF\u80FD\u5E76\u4E14\u672A\u80FD\u5B8C\u6210\u907F\u9669\uFF09\u3002\u9000\u8BA9\u4E49\u52A1\u5728\u4E00\u4E9B\u53F8\u6CD5\u5BA1\u5224\u4E2D\u662F\u4E00\u9879\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E0A\u7684\u8981\u6C42\uFF0C\u53D7\u5230\u5A01\u80C1\u7684\u4E2A\u4F53\u4E0D\u53EF\u4EE5\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u5E76\u4E14\u4F7F\u7528\u81F4\u547D\u6B66\u529B\u81EA\u536B\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u5E94\u8BE5\u64A4\u9000\u5230\u5B89\u5168\u7684\u5730\u65B9\u907F\u514D\u5A01\u80C1\u3002\u81F4\u547D\u6B66\u529B\u662F\u6307\u53EF\u80FD\u5BF9\u4ED6\u4EBA\u9020\u6210\u91CD\u4F24\u6216\u8005\u81F4\u6B7B\u7684\u6B66\u529B\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591A\u6570\u53F8\u6CD5\u7BA1\u8F96\u533A\u4E2D\u90FD\u53EA\u63A5\u53D7\u5728\u6781\u5EA6\u9700\u8981\u65F6\u4F7F\u7528\u81F4\u547D\u6B66\u529B\uFF0C\u6216\u8005\u81F4\u547D\u6B66\u529B\u5DF2\u7ECF\u662F\u6700\u540E\u624B\u6BB5\u65F6\u624D\u80FD\u4F7F\u7528\u3002 \u5170\u5FB7\u516C\u53F8\u57282018\u5E74\u7684\u4E00\u9879\u7814\u7A76\u4E2D\u58F0\u79F0\uFF0C\u201C\u6709\u90E8\u5206\u8BC1\u636E\u652F\u6301\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u6CD5\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u589E\u52A0\u8C0B\u6740\u7387\uFF0C\u4F46\u53EA\u6709\u6709\u9650\u8BC1\u636E\u652F\u6301\u8BE5\u6CD5\uFF08\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u6CD5\uFF09\u4F1A\u7279\u522B\u5730\u589E\u52A0\u706B\u5668\u5BFC\u81F4\u7684\u8C0B\u6740\u201D\uFF08\"there is moderate evidence that stand-your-ground laws may increase homicide rates and limited evidence that the laws increase firearm homicides in particular\"\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "49751"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Stand-Your-Ground-Laws (englisch stand your ground, \u00FCbersetzt etwa \u201Enicht von der Stelle weichen\u201C, \u201Eseinen Platz behaupten\u201C) werden umgangssprachlich Gesetze von zurzeit \u00FCber 30 amerikanischen Bundesstaaten bezeichnet, die es einer Person erlauben, im Extremfall t\u00F6dliche Gewalt anzuwenden, um sich gegen einen rechtswidrigen Angriff zu wehren. Sie setzen die im amerikanischen Recht etablierte Pflicht au\u00DFer Kraft, vor einem Einbrecher oder Angreifer zur\u00FCckzuweichen, bevor man zu \u201Edefensiven Ma\u00DFnahmen greift, die eine andere Person t\u00F6ten oder schwer verletzen sollen oder dieses verursachen k\u00F6nnen\u201C."@de . . . . "Oni nomas le\u011Dojn de necedado (angle Stand-Your-Ground-Laws) le\u011Dojn de \u0109. 26 \u015Dtatoj de Usono, kiuj permesas uzi perforton \u011Dis mortigan, por defendi sin kontra\u016D atako. Tiuj le\u011Doj superregas la \u011Deneralan devon, cedi al atakanto, anta\u016D ol oni prenas mezurojn, kiuj celas mortigi alian personon a\u016D ege vundi."@eo . . . . . "2829677"^^ . "Stand-your-ground law"@fr . . . . . . "Aux \u00C9tats-Unis, une stand-your-ground law (\u00AB loi D\u00E9fendez votre territoire \u00BB) \u2014 que les opposant qualifient de shoot first law (\u00AB loi Tirez d'abord \u00BB) \u2014 affirme qu'une personne peut utiliser une force raisonnable dans le cas de l\u00E9gitime d\u00E9fense quand elle croit de fa\u00E7on raisonnable qu'elle est soumise \u00E0 une menace ill\u00E9gale, sans obligation de battre en retraite, en mentionnant \"that there is no duty to retreat from an attacker in any place in which one is lawfully present\" (il n'y a pas d'obligation de battre en retraite face \u00E0 un agresseur dans tout lieu o\u00F9 une personne est l\u00E9galement pr\u00E9sente). Ce concept existe en droit statutaire[Quoi ?] et parfois, lorsqu'il y a un pr\u00E9c\u00E9dent, dans le common law. Elle peut s'appliquer lorsqu'il faut d\u00E9fendre sa maison ou son v\u00E9hicule, ou son lieu de t"@fr . "\u575A\u5B88\u9635\u5730\u6CD5"@zh . "A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called \"line in the sand\" or \"no duty to retreat\" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present. The exact details vary by jurisdiction. The alternative to stand your ground is \"duty to retreat\". In jurisdictions that implement a duty to retreat, even a person who is unlawfully attacked (or who is defending someone who is unlawfully attacked) may not use deadly force if it is possible to instead avoid the danger with complete safety by retreating. Even areas that impose a duty to retreat generally follow the \"castle doctrine\", under which people have no duty to retreat when they are attacked in their homes, or (in some places) in their vehicles or workplaces. The castle doctrine and \"stand-your-ground\" laws provide legal defenses to persons who have been charged with various use of force crimes against persons, such as murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and illegal discharge or brandishing of weapons, as well as attempts to commit such crimes. Whether a jurisdiction follows stand-your-ground or duty-to-retreat is just one element of its self-defense laws. Different jurisdictions allow deadly force against different crimes. All American states allow it against deadly force, great bodily injury, and likely kidnapping or rape; some also allow it against threat of robbery and burglary. A 2020 RAND Corporation review of existing research concluded that \"There is supportive evidence that stand-your-ground laws are associated with increases in firearm homicides and moderate evidence that they increase the total number of homicides.\""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Defence \u2014 use or threat of force\n\n34 A person is not guilty of an offence if\n\n they believe on reasonable grounds that force is being used against them or another person or that a threat of force is being made against them or another person;\n the act that constitutes the offence is committed for the purpose of defending or protecting themselves or the other person from that use or threat of force; and\n the act committed is reasonable in the circumstances.\n[omitted ]\n\nNo defence\n\n Subsection does not apply if the force is used or threatened by another person for the purpose of doing something that they are required or authorized by law to do in the administration or enforcement of the law, unless the person who commits the act that constitutes the offence believes on reasonable grounds that the other person is acting unlawfully.\n\nR.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 34; 1992, c. 1, s. 60; 2012, c. 9, s. 2."@en . . . . . . . . . . "1124415520"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Defence \u2014 property\n\n35 A person is not guilty of an offence if\n\n they either believe on reasonable grounds that they are in peaceable possession of property or are acting under the authority of, or lawfully assisting, a person whom they believe on reasonable grounds is in peaceable possession of property;\n they believe on reasonable grounds that another person\n is about to enter, is entering or has entered the property without being entitled by law to do so,\n is about to take the property, is doing so or has just done so, or\n is about to damage or destroy the property, or make it inoperative, or is doing so;\n the act that constitutes the offence is committed for the purpose of\n preventing the other person from entering the property, or removing that person from the property, or\n preventing the other person from taking, damaging or destroying the property or from making it inoperative, or retaking the property from that person; and\n the act committed is reasonable in the circumstances.\n\nNo defence\n Subsection does not apply if the person who believes on reasonable grounds that they are, or who is believed on reasonable grounds to be, in peaceable possession of the property does not have a claim of right to it and the other person is entitled to its possession by law.\n\nNo defence\n Subsection does not apply if the other person is doing something that they are required or authorized by law to do in the administration or enforcement of the law, unless the person who commits the act that constitutes the offence believes on reasonable grounds that the other person is acting unlawfully.\nR.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 35; 2012, c. 9, s. 2."@en . . . "Stand your ground"@sv . . . . . "Le\u011Do de necedado"@eo . . . "34"^^ . . . . . "Stand-your-ground law"@de . . "Stand-your-ground law"@en . . . . "A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called \"line in the sand\" or \"no duty to retreat\" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present. The exact details vary by jurisdiction."@en . . "Aux \u00C9tats-Unis, une stand-your-ground law (\u00AB loi D\u00E9fendez votre territoire \u00BB) \u2014 que les opposant qualifient de shoot first law (\u00AB loi Tirez d'abord \u00BB) \u2014 affirme qu'une personne peut utiliser une force raisonnable dans le cas de l\u00E9gitime d\u00E9fense quand elle croit de fa\u00E7on raisonnable qu'elle est soumise \u00E0 une menace ill\u00E9gale, sans obligation de battre en retraite, en mentionnant \"that there is no duty to retreat from an attacker in any place in which one is lawfully present\" (il n'y a pas d'obligation de battre en retraite face \u00E0 un agresseur dans tout lieu o\u00F9 une personne est l\u00E9galement pr\u00E9sente). Ce concept existe en droit statutaire[Quoi ?] et parfois, lorsqu'il y a un pr\u00E9c\u00E9dent, dans le common law. Elle peut s'appliquer lorsqu'il faut d\u00E9fendre sa maison ou son v\u00E9hicule, ou son lieu de travail (dans ces trois derniers cas, il s'agit d'une Castle Doctrine), ou encore tous les lieux occup\u00E9s de fa\u00E7on l\u00E9gale (Stand Your Ground Law). Selon cette doctrine, une personne est justifi\u00E9e d'user d'une force mortelle avec arme \u00E0 feu dans certaines situations et une stand-your-ground law peut alors \u00EAtre invoqu\u00E9e pour obtenir une immunit\u00E9 contre des poursuites civiles ou p\u00E9nales. Lorsqu'elle est accord\u00E9e, l'immunit\u00E9 prot\u00E8ge la personne de toute proc\u00E9dure judiciaire relative \u00E0 l'affaire, que ce soit une poursuite, des accusations, une arrestation ou une d\u00E9tention. Celle-ci est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme \u00AB une conception tr\u00E8s large de l'autod\u00E9fense \u00BB et, depuis 2005, est invoqu\u00E9e de multiples fois lors de proc\u00E8s de meurtres pour d\u00E9fendre l'accus\u00E9."@fr . . . . . . . .