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"2006-12-14"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Swiss peasant war of 1653 (German: Schweizer Bauernkrieg) was a popular revolt in the Old Swiss Confederacy at the time of the Ancien R\u00E9gime. A devaluation of Bernese money caused a tax revolt that spread from the Entlebuch valley in the Canton of Lucerne to the Emmental valley in the Canton of Bern and then to the cantons of Solothurn and Basel and also to the Aargau."@en . . . . . "2011-07-06"^^ . . . . . . "La Guerra campesina suiza de 1653 fue una revuelta popular en la Antigua Confederaci\u00F3n Suiza en el periodo del Antiguo R\u00E9gimen. Una devaluaci\u00F3n de la moneda de Berna caus\u00F3 una resistencia fiscal que se extendi\u00F3 desde el valle de Entlebuch en el Cant\u00F3n de Lucerna hasta el valle del r\u00EDo Emme en el Cant\u00F3n de Berna y luego a los cantones de Soleura, Basilea y Argovia. La poblaci\u00F3n del campo exig\u00EDa alivio fiscal de sus autoridades, los ayuntamientos de las capitales de estos cantones. Cuando sus demandas fueron desestimadas por las ciudades, los campesinos se organizaron y amenazaron con bloquear las ciudades. Despu\u00E9s de que los compromisos iniciales mediados por otros cantones hubieron fracasado, los campesinos se unieron bajo el tratado de Huttwil, formando la \u00ABLiga de Huttwil\u00BB. Su movimiento se volvi\u00F3 m\u00E1s radical, yendo m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de las demandas que al principio eran puramente fiscales. La Liga de Huttwil se consideraba una entidad pol\u00EDtica igual e independiente de las autoridades municipales, y asumi\u00F3 la plena soberan\u00EDa militar y pol\u00EDtica en sus territorios. Los campesinos sitiaron Berna y Lucerna, tras lo cual las ciudades negociaron un acuerdo de paz con el l\u00EDder campesino Nicol\u00E1s Leuenberger, la llamada paz de Murifeld. Las tropas campesinas se retiraron. La Dieta Federal, el consejo federal de la antigua Confederaci\u00F3n Suiza, envi\u00F3 un ej\u00E9rcito desde Z\u00FArich para sofocar definitivamente la rebeli\u00F3n, y despu\u00E9s de la batalla de Wohlenschwil, la Liga de Huttwil fue anulada por la paz de Mellingen. La \u00FAltima resistencia en el valle de Entlebuch se disolvi\u00F3 a fines de junio. Despu\u00E9s de su victoria, las autoridades de la ciudad tomaron dr\u00E1sticas medidas de castigo. La Liga de Huttwil y la paz de Murifeld fueron declaradas nulas por el ayuntamiento de Berna. Muchos exponentes de la insurrecci\u00F3n fueron capturados, torturados y finalmente recibieron fuertes condenas. Nicol\u00E1s Leuenberger fue decapitado y descuartizado en Berna el 6 de septiembre de 1653.\u200B\u200B Aunque la victoria militar de las autoridades absolutistas de la ciudad fue completa, la guerra tambi\u00E9n les hab\u00EDa demostrado que depend\u00EDan mucho de sus s\u00FAbditos rurales. Poco despu\u00E9s del conflicto b\u00E9lico, los arist\u00F3cratas gobernantes instituyeron una serie de reformas e incluso redujeron algunos impuestos, cumpliendo as\u00ED algunas de las demandas fiscales originales de los campesinos. A largo plazo, la guerra campesina de 1653 impidi\u00F3 en Suiza una implementaci\u00F3n excesiva del absolutismo, como ocurri\u00F3 en Francia durante el reinado de Luis XIV.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Z\u00FCrich, with soldiers from the Thurgau,"@en . . "1099538786"^^ . . . "1653-06-20"^^ . "2005-01-18"^^ . . . . . . "Peasant forces (fromLucerne,Bern,Solothurn,Basel, and theAargau)" . . . . "Military victory of the ruling city councils"@en . . "Cantons of Lucerne, Bern, Solothurn, Basel, and the Aargau, in the Old Swiss Confederacy"@en . . . "Swiss peasant war of 1653"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041B\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A\u0430 XIV."@ru . "Guerre des paysans de 1653"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Swiss peasant war of 1653"@en . "Powstanie ch\u0142opskie w Szwajcarii \u2013 zbrojne wyst\u0105pienie ch\u0142op\u00F3w w Szwajcarii w 1653 roku."@pl . . . "Z\u00FCrich, with soldiers from theThurgau," . . "Uri" . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0647\u064A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0629 (\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629). \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u062A\u062F\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062F\u0627\u064A \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0644\u064A\u0628\u0648\u062E \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062A\u0633\u064A\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0645\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u0627\u062A\u0633\u0639\u062A \u0631\u0642\u0639\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062C\u0627\u0648."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Powstanie ch\u0142opskie w Szwajcarii"@pl . . . . . . . . "The Swiss peasant war of 1653 (German: Schweizer Bauernkrieg) was a popular revolt in the Old Swiss Confederacy at the time of the Ancien R\u00E9gime. A devaluation of Bernese money caused a tax revolt that spread from the Entlebuch valley in the Canton of Lucerne to the Emmental valley in the Canton of Bern and then to the cantons of Solothurn and Basel and also to the Aargau. The population of the countryside demanded fiscal relief from their ruling authorities, the city councils of these cantons' capitals. When their demands were dismissed by the cities, the peasants organized themselves and threatened to blockade the cities. After initial compromises mediated by other cantons had failed, the peasants united under the treaty of Huttwil, forming the \"League of Huttwil\". Their movement became more radical, going beyond the initially purely fiscal demands. The Huttwil League considered itself a political entity equal to and independent from the city authorities, and it assumed full military and political sovereignty in its territories. The peasants laid siege to Bern and Lucerne, whereupon the cities negotiated a peace agreement with the peasant leader Niklaus Leuenberger, the so-called peace on the Murifeld. The peasant armies retreated. The Tagsatzung, the federal council of the Old Swiss Confederacy, then sent an army from Z\u00FCrich to definitively end the rebellion, and after the , the Huttwil League was forcibly disbanded in the peace of Mellingen. The last resistance in the Entlebuch valley was broken by the end of June. After their victory, the city authorities took drastic punitive measures. The Huttwil League and the peace of the Murifeld were declared null and void by the city council of Bern. Many leaders of the insurrection were captured, tortured, and finally received heavy sentences. Niklaus Leuenberger was beheaded and quartered in Bern on September 6, 1653. Although the military victory of the absolutist city authorities was complete, the war had also shown them that they depended very much on their rural subjects. Soon after the war, the ruling aristocrats instituted a series of reforms and even lowered some taxes, thus fulfilling some of the peasants' original fiscal demands. In the long term, the peasant war of 1653 prevented Switzerland from an excessive implementation of absolutism as occurred in France during the reign of Louis XIV."@en . . . . . . . "La Guerra campesina suiza de 1653 fue una revuelta popular en la Antigua Confederaci\u00F3n Suiza en el periodo del Antiguo R\u00E9gimen. Una devaluaci\u00F3n de la moneda de Berna caus\u00F3 una resistencia fiscal que se extendi\u00F3 desde el valle de Entlebuch en el Cant\u00F3n de Lucerna hasta el valle del r\u00EDo Emme en el Cant\u00F3n de Berna y luego a los cantones de Soleura, Basilea y Argovia."@es . . . . "Peasant forces"@en . . . . . . "Powstanie ch\u0142opskie w Szwajcarii \u2013 zbrojne wyst\u0105pienie ch\u0142op\u00F3w w Szwajcarii w 1653 roku."@pl . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uB18D\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1(Swiss peasant war)\uC740 1653\uB144 \uC559\uC2DC\uC575 \uB808\uC9D0 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uAD6C\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uC911\uC801\uC778 \uBC18\uB780\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB978 \uD654\uD3D0\uC758 \uD3C9\uAC00\uC808\uD558\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uB8E8\uCCB4\uB978\uC8FC\uC758 \uC5D4\uD2C0\uB808\uBD80\uD750 \uACC4\uACE1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uB978\uC8FC\uC758 \uC5D0\uBA58\uD0C8 \uACC4\uACE1, \uC878\uB85C\uD22C\uB978\uACFC \uBC14\uC824, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC544\uB974\uAC00\uC6B0\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD37C\uC9C4 \uC870\uC138 \uBC18\uB780\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uACE8 \uC8FC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58 \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC778 \uCE78\uD1A4 \uC218\uB3C4\uC758 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC758\uD68C\uC5D0 \uC7AC\uC815\uC801 \uAD6C\uD638\uB97C \uC694\uAD6C\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC694\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAE30\uAC01\uB418\uC790 \uB18D\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uC870\uC9C1\uD558\uACE0, \uB3C4\uC2DC\uB97C \uBD09\uC1C4\uD558\uACA0\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC704\uD611\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB978 \uC8FC\uC758 \uC911\uC7AC\uB85C \uCD08\uAE30 \uD0C0\uD611\uC774 \uC2E4\uD328\uD55C \uD6C4, \uB18D\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uC870\uC57D\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC5F0\uD569\uD558\uC5EC \u2018\uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\u2019\uC744 \uACB0\uC131\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC740 \uCC98\uC74C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC21C\uC804\uD788 \uC7AC\uC815\uC801 \uC694\uAD6C\uB97C \uB118\uC5B4\uC11C \uB354\uC6B1 \uAE09\uC9C4\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uACFC \uB3D9\uB4F1\uD558\uACE0, \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC801\uC778 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC2E4\uCCB4\uB85C \uC5EC\uACBC\uC73C\uBA70, \uC601\uD1A0\uC5D0\uC11C \uC644\uC804\uD55C \uAD70\uC0AC\uC801, \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . "La guerre des paysans de 1653 fut une r\u00E9volte populaire en Suisse durant la Conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration des XIII cantons. La d\u00E9valuation de la monnaie bernoise provoqua des tensions qui s'\u00E9tendirent d'abord dans la r\u00E9gion de l'Entlebuch et de l'Emmental avant de se propager aux cantons de Soleure, B\u00E2le et d'Argovie. La population demanda que les taxes soient abaiss\u00E9es et s'adress\u00E8rent aux Conseils des diff\u00E9rents chefs-lieux des cantons. Leurs requ\u00EAtes \u00E9tant d\u00E9bout\u00E9es, les paysans form\u00E8rent une coalition et menac\u00E8rent d'assi\u00E9ger les villes. Apr\u00E8s l'\u00E9chec des n\u00E9gociations, les paysans s'alli\u00E8rent par le trait\u00E9 de Huttwil et constitu\u00E8rent la \u00AB ligue de Huttwil \u00BB. Le mouvement devint plus radical en d\u00E9passant les revendications initiales et ne se focalisant plus uniquement sur les avantages fiscaux. La ligue se consid\u00E9rait elle-m\u00EAme comme une entit\u00E9 ind\u00E9pendante, au pouvoir \u00E9quivalent \u00E0 celui des autorit\u00E9s, et disposant d'une force militaire et politique qui r\u00E9gnait en main de ma\u00EEtre sur ses territoires. Les paysans men\u00E8rent un si\u00E8ge sur les villes de Berne et Lucerne qui \u00E0 leur tour n\u00E9goci\u00E8rent la paix (la \u00AB paix de Murifeld \u00BB du 29 mai 1653) avec le leader des paysans, Niklaus Leuenberger. Les arm\u00E9es paysannes battirent retraite mais la Di\u00E8te f\u00E9d\u00E9rale envoya des troupes de Zurich pour mettre un terme \u00E0 la r\u00E9bellion. Apr\u00E8s la et celle de , la ligue de Huttwil fut progressivement d\u00E9mantel\u00E9e. Les derniers nids de r\u00E9sistants se trouvaient dans l'Entlebuch et furent \u00E9radiqu\u00E9s \u00E0 la fin juin. Apr\u00E8s leur victoire, les autorit\u00E9s des cantons lanc\u00E8rent des mesures punitives et la r\u00E9pression fut s\u00E9v\u00E8re. La ligue de Huttwil et la paix de Murifeld furent d\u00E9clar\u00E9es nulles et non avenues par le conseil de la ville de Berne. Un grand nombre d'opposants et de meneurs furent captur\u00E9s, tortur\u00E9s puis ex\u00E9cut\u00E9s. Leuenberger, trahi par l'un des siens, fut d\u00E9capit\u00E9 et d\u00E9membr\u00E9 \u00E0 Berne le 6 septembre 1653. Si la victoire militaire du pouvoir en place fut compl\u00E8te, le conflit avait montr\u00E9 \u00E0 quel point la population rurale \u00E9tait importante dans le pays. Juste apr\u00E8s la guerre, les autorit\u00E9s mirent en place une s\u00E9rie de r\u00E9formes et baiss\u00E8rent certaines taxes, remplissant par la m\u00EAme certaines des requ\u00EAtes des paysans. \u00C0 long terme, la guerre des paysans limita la pr\u00E9sence d'un r\u00E9gime absolutiste comme celui rencontr\u00E9 en France durant le r\u00E8gne de Louis XIV."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La guerre des paysans de 1653 fut une r\u00E9volte populaire en Suisse durant la Conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration des XIII cantons. La d\u00E9valuation de la monnaie bernoise provoqua des tensions qui s'\u00E9tendirent d'abord dans la r\u00E9gion de l'Entlebuch et de l'Emmental avant de se propager aux cantons de Soleure, B\u00E2le et d'Argovie."@fr . . . "Swiss peasant war of 1653"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Der Schweizer Bauernkrieg war ein Volksaufstand in der Alten Eidgenossenschaft im Jahr 1653. Eine Abwertung der Berner W\u00E4hrung f\u00FChrte im bernischen Emmental und im angrenzenden luzernischen Entlebuch zu weit verbreiteter Steuerverweigerung, die sich nach Solothurn, Basel und in den Aargau ausweitete. Die Landbev\u00F6lkerung forderte von der st\u00E4dtischen Obrigkeit steuerliche Entlastung. Als die Forderungen zur\u00FCckgewiesen wurden, drohten die Untertanen mit einer Blockade der St\u00E4dte. Nachdem anf\u00E4ngliche, durch andere eidgen\u00F6ssische Orte ausgehandelte Kompromisse gescheitert waren, schlossen sich Vertreter der l\u00E4ndlichen Regionen in Huttwil zu einem Bauernbund zusammen. Die Bewegung radikalisierte sich und begann weitere Forderungen zu stellen. Der Huttwiler Bund betrachtete sich als gleichberecht"@de . . . . "\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uB18D\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1"@ko . "--06-20"^^ . "Schweizer Bauernkrieg"@de . . . "Guerra de los campesinos suizos"@es . . . "6517501"^^ . "\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uB18D\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1(Swiss peasant war)\uC740 1653\uB144 \uC559\uC2DC\uC575 \uB808\uC9D0 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uAD6C\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uC911\uC801\uC778 \uBC18\uB780\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB978 \uD654\uD3D0\uC758 \uD3C9\uAC00\uC808\uD558\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uB8E8\uCCB4\uB978\uC8FC\uC758 \uC5D4\uD2C0\uB808\uBD80\uD750 \uACC4\uACE1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uB978\uC8FC\uC758 \uC5D0\uBA58\uD0C8 \uACC4\uACE1, \uC878\uB85C\uD22C\uB978\uACFC \uBC14\uC824, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC544\uB974\uAC00\uC6B0\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD37C\uC9C4 \uC870\uC138 \uBC18\uB780\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uACE8 \uC8FC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58 \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC778 \uCE78\uD1A4 \uC218\uB3C4\uC758 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC758\uD68C\uC5D0 \uC7AC\uC815\uC801 \uAD6C\uD638\uB97C \uC694\uAD6C\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC694\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAE30\uAC01\uB418\uC790 \uB18D\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uC870\uC9C1\uD558\uACE0, \uB3C4\uC2DC\uB97C \uBD09\uC1C4\uD558\uACA0\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC704\uD611\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB978 \uC8FC\uC758 \uC911\uC7AC\uB85C \uCD08\uAE30 \uD0C0\uD611\uC774 \uC2E4\uD328\uD55C \uD6C4, \uB18D\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uC870\uC57D\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC5F0\uD569\uD558\uC5EC \u2018\uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\u2019\uC744 \uACB0\uC131\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC740 \uCC98\uC74C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC21C\uC804\uD788 \uC7AC\uC815\uC801 \uC694\uAD6C\uB97C \uB118\uC5B4\uC11C \uB354\uC6B1 \uAE09\uC9C4\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uACFC \uB3D9\uB4F1\uD558\uACE0, \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC801\uC778 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC2E4\uCCB4\uB85C \uC5EC\uACBC\uC73C\uBA70, \uC601\uD1A0\uC5D0\uC11C \uC644\uC804\uD55C \uAD70\uC0AC\uC801, \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4. \uB18D\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC740 \uBCA0\uB978\uACFC \uB8E8\uCCB4\uB978\uC744 \uD3EC\uC704\uD588\uACE0, \uADF8 \uD6C4 \uB3C4\uC2DC\uB4E4\uC740 \uB18D\uBBFC \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790 \uB2C8\uD074\uB77C\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uB85C\uC774\uC5D4\uBCA0\uB974\uCEE4\uC640 \uC774\uB978\uBC14 \uBB34\uB9AC\uD3A0\uD2B8\uC758 \uD3C9\uD654\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uD3C9\uD654 \uD611\uC815\uC744 \uB9FA\uACE0 \uB18D\uBBFC\uAD70\uC740 \uD6C4\uD1F4\uD588\uB2E4. \uAD6C\uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD3C9\uC758\uD68C\uC778 \uD0C0\uD06C\uC790\uCDA9\uC740 \uBC18\uB780\uC744 \uACB0\uC815\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB05D\uB0B4\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uCDE8\uB9AC\uD788\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD70\uB300\uB97C \uBCF4\uB0C8\uACE0, \uBCFC\uB80C\uC26C\uBE4C \uC804\uD22C \uC774\uD6C4 \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC740 \uBA5C\uB9C1\uC5D4\uC758 \uD3C9\uD654 \uC18D\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC15\uC81C\uB85C \uD574\uC0B0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC5D4\uD2C0\uB808\uBD80\uD750 \uACC4\uACE1\uC758 \uB9C8\uC9C0\uB9C9 \uC800\uD56D\uC740 6\uC6D4 \uB9D0\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBB34\uB108\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC2B9\uB9AC \uD6C4 \uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC740 \uACFC\uAC10\uD55C \uCC98\uBC8C \uC870\uCE58\uB97C \uCDE8\uD588\uB2E4. \uD6C4\uD2B8\uBE4C \uB3D9\uB9F9\uACFC \uBB34\uB9AC\uD3A0\uD2B8\uC758 \uD3C9\uD654\uB294 \uBCA0\uB978 \uC2DC\uC758\uD68C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB34\uD6A8\uB85C \uC120\uC5B8\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBD09\uAE30\uC758 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uCCB4\uD3EC\uB418\uC5B4 \uACE0\uBB38\uC744 \uB2F9\uD558\uACE0, \uB9C8\uCE68\uB0B4 \uC911\uD615\uC744 \uC120\uACE0\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uB2C8\uCF5C\uB77C\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uB85C\uC774\uC5D4\uBCA0\uB974\uCEE4\uB294 1653\uB144 9\uC6D4 6\uC77C \uBCA0\uB978\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC38\uC218\uB418\uACE0 \uB124 \uAC08\uB798\uB85C \uC808\uB2E8\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC808\uB300\uC8FC\uC758 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC740 \uC644\uC804\uD55C \uAD70\uC0AC\uC801 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC804\uC7C1\uC740 \uB610\uD55C \uADF8\uB4E4\uC774 \uB18D\uCD0C \uC8FC\uBBFC\uC5D0 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC758\uC874\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC74C\uC744 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC8FC\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uC774 \uB05D\uB09C \uC9C1\uD6C4 \uC9C0\uBC30 \uADC0\uC871\uB4E4\uC740 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uAC1C\uD601\uC744 \uB2E8\uD589\uD588\uACE0, \uC2EC\uC9C0\uC5B4 \uC138\uAE08\uC744 \uC77C\uBD80 \uC778\uD558\uD558\uC5EC \uB18D\uBBFC\uC758 \uC6D0\uB798 \uC7AC\uC815 \uC694\uAD6C\uB97C \uC77C\uBD80 \uCDA9\uC871\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC7A5\uAE30\uC801\uC73C\uB85C 1653\uB144\uC758 \uB18D\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1\uC740 \uB8E8\uC774 14\uC138\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB358 \uAC83\uCC98\uB7FC \uC2A4\uC704\uC2A4\uAC00 \uC808\uB300\uC8FC\uC758\uB85C \uACFC\uB3C4\uD558\uAC8C \uBE60\uC838\uB4DC\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB9C9\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1653"@ar . "City governments' troops,"@en . "and others"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 1653 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 . \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0433 \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 , \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u044B \u042D\u043D\u0442\u043B\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0445 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u044E\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043D \u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u042D\u043C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043D, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0417\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D \u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0443."@ru . . . . . "Military victory of the ruling city councils" . . . "City governments' troops," . "2007-07-03"^^ . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 (1653)"@ru . . . . . . . . . "Der Schweizer Bauernkrieg war ein Volksaufstand in der Alten Eidgenossenschaft im Jahr 1653. Eine Abwertung der Berner W\u00E4hrung f\u00FChrte im bernischen Emmental und im angrenzenden luzernischen Entlebuch zu weit verbreiteter Steuerverweigerung, die sich nach Solothurn, Basel und in den Aargau ausweitete. Die Landbev\u00F6lkerung forderte von der st\u00E4dtischen Obrigkeit steuerliche Entlastung. Als die Forderungen zur\u00FCckgewiesen wurden, drohten die Untertanen mit einer Blockade der St\u00E4dte. Nachdem anf\u00E4ngliche, durch andere eidgen\u00F6ssische Orte ausgehandelte Kompromisse gescheitert waren, schlossen sich Vertreter der l\u00E4ndlichen Regionen in Huttwil zu einem Bauernbund zusammen. Die Bewegung radikalisierte sich und begann weitere Forderungen zu stellen. Der Huttwiler Bund betrachtete sich als gleichberechtigt gegen\u00FCber den St\u00E4dten und \u00FCbernahm die Souver\u00E4nit\u00E4t in den von ihm kontrollierten Gebieten im westlichen Schweizer Mittelland. Die Aufst\u00E4ndischen belagerten Bern und Luzern, woraufhin die St\u00E4dte mit Bauernf\u00FChrer Niklaus Leuenberger einen Friedensvertrag abschlossen, den Murifeldvertrag. Als das Bauernheer sich zur\u00FCckzog, entsandte die Tagsatzung von Z\u00FCrich aus eine Armee, um den Aufstand endg\u00FCltig niederzuschlagen. Nach der Schlacht von Wohlenschwil am 3. Juni 1653 wurde der Huttwiler Bauernbund gem\u00E4ss dem Frieden von Mellingen aufgel\u00F6st. Die letzten Widerstandsnester im Entlebuch hielten sich bis Ende Juni. Die siegreichen St\u00E4dte gingen mit harter Hand gegen die Aufst\u00E4ndischen vor, Bern erkl\u00E4rte den Murifeldvertrag f\u00FCr null und nichtig. Die Obrigkeit liess zahlreiche Exponenten des Aufstands gefangen nehmen, foltern und hart bestrafen. Obwohl die herrschenden st\u00E4dtischen Eliten einen vollst\u00E4ndigen milit\u00E4rischen Erfolg errangen, zeigte der Bauernkrieg auf, dass sie von ihren l\u00E4ndlichen Untertanen abh\u00E4ngig waren. Bald nach dem Krieg kam es zu einer Reihe von Reformen und Steuersenkungen, womit die Obrigkeit den urspr\u00FCnglichen fiskalischen Forderungen der Aufst\u00E4ndischen entgegenkam. Langfristig gesehen verhinderte der Schweizer Bauernkrieg eine exzessive Auslegung des Absolutismus wie beispielsweise in Frankreich."@de . . . . . "Uri"@en . . .