. . . . . . . . . . . . "Blindskrift"@sv . "Als Blindenschrift werden \u00FCbergreifend Systeme von Schriftzeichen bezeichnet, die von Blinden gelesen werden k\u00F6nnen. Das Lesen erfolgt dabei mit dem Tastsinn der Finger, mit denen die erhabenen Strukturen der Zeichen von ihrer planen Umgebung unterschieden und identifiziert werden k\u00F6nnen. Es existieren verschiedene solcher Systeme von Blindenschriften, von denen heute die im Jahr 1825 von Louis Braille entwickelte Brailleschrift am weitesten verbreitet ist. Zur Abgrenzung von Blindenschriften verwendet man h\u00E4ufig f\u00FCr die Schrift der Sehenden den Begriff Schwarzschrift."@de . "Blindskrift \u00E4r en skrift skapad f\u00F6r att avl\u00E4sas med hj\u00E4lp av fingrarnas ber\u00F6ring av ett reliefartat m\u00F6nster p\u00E5 ett underlag, oftast papper. Det kan antingen r\u00F6ra sig om de \"vanliga\" bokst\u00E4verna eller olika andra koder som representerar dessa. Genom tiderna har det funnits m\u00E5nga olika system f\u00F6r blindskrift. Vanligen \u00E5syftas Brailleskrift/punktskrift. Skrift som avl\u00E4ses med ber\u00F6ring anv\u00E4ndes exempelvis av den franska milit\u00E4ren f\u00F6r att mottagaren l\u00E4ttare skulle kunna l\u00E4sa budskapet i m\u00F6rka f\u00F6rh\u00E5llanden, \u00E4ven utan ljus om s\u00E5 kr\u00E4vdes och d\u00E4rmed minska risken f\u00F6r att uppt\u00E4ckas av fienden."@sv . . . . . . "1083777067"^^ . . . . . "8822041"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043B\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442"@ru . . . . . "A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type, historically, many other tactile alphabets have existed: See also Vibratese."@en . . . "Als Blindenschrift werden \u00FCbergreifend Systeme von Schriftzeichen bezeichnet, die von Blinden gelesen werden k\u00F6nnen. Das Lesen erfolgt dabei mit dem Tastsinn der Finger, mit denen die erhabenen Strukturen der Zeichen von ihrer planen Umgebung unterschieden und identifiziert werden k\u00F6nnen. Es existieren verschiedene solcher Systeme von Blindenschriften, von denen heute die im Jahr 1825 von Louis Braille entwickelte Brailleschrift am weitesten verbreitet ist. Viele dieser Schriftsysteme f\u00FCr Blinde sind dabei gut durchdacht, haben aber oft den Nachteil, dass sie von Sehenden f\u00FCr Erblindende, wie z. B. das Moonalphabet, entworfen wurden. Nicht so bei der Brailleschrift, die von ihrem Namensgeber, der selbst blind war, f\u00FCr blinde Menschen als ein f\u00FCr sie praktikables Schriftsystem entwickelt wurde. Zur Abgrenzung von Blindenschriften verwendet man h\u00E4ufig f\u00FCr die Schrift der Sehenden den Begriff Schwarzschrift."@de . "\u0422\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043B\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043B\u0435\u043F\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0441\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043B\u044F, \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u041C\u0443\u043D\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043E\u0432."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Blindenschrift"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043B\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043B\u0435\u043F\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0441\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043B\u044F, \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u041C\u0443\u043D\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043E\u0432."@ru . . "4051"^^ . . . "Blindskrift \u00E4r en skrift skapad f\u00F6r att avl\u00E4sas med hj\u00E4lp av fingrarnas ber\u00F6ring av ett reliefartat m\u00F6nster p\u00E5 ett underlag, oftast papper. Det kan antingen r\u00F6ra sig om de \"vanliga\" bokst\u00E4verna eller olika andra koder som representerar dessa. Genom tiderna har det funnits m\u00E5nga olika system f\u00F6r blindskrift. Vanligen \u00E5syftas Brailleskrift/punktskrift. Skrift som avl\u00E4ses med ber\u00F6ring anv\u00E4ndes exempelvis av den franska milit\u00E4ren f\u00F6r att mottagaren l\u00E4ttare skulle kunna l\u00E4sa budskapet i m\u00F6rka f\u00F6rh\u00E5llanden, \u00E4ven utan ljus om s\u00E5 kr\u00E4vdes och d\u00E4rmed minska risken f\u00F6r att uppt\u00E4ckas av fienden."@sv . . . . . . . . . "A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type, historically, many other tactile alphabets have existed: \n* Systems based on embossed Roman letters: \n* Moon type \n* Valentin Ha\u00FCy's system (in italic style) \n* James Gall's \"triangular alphabet\", using both capital and lower-case, which was used in 1826 in the first embossed books published in English \n* 's system (capital letters only) \n* John Alston's system (capital letters only) \n* 's system, using rounded letters similar to Ha\u00FCy's system, which was used in a publication of the Gospel of Mark in 1834, the first embossed book in the United States. \n* Samuel Gridley Howe's Boston Line using lowercase angular letters, influenced by Gall's system but more closely resembling standard Roman letters \n* Julius Reinhold Friedlander's Philadelphia Line, using all capital letters, similar to Alston's system, used at the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania \n* William Chapin (also at the Pennsylvania Institution)'s system, combining the lowercase letters of the Boston Line with the capitals of the Philadelphia Line, forming the \"combined system\" (used by 1868 in books printed by ) \n* 's ELIA Frame tactile alphabet/font system includes the major characteristics of the Roman alphabet letter within a frame. The frame denotes where the letter begins and ends and allows for systematic exploration. The use of the Roman alphabet's features in the design helps previously sighted people learn it. And its similarities to standard Roman fonts helps sighted caregivers to learn and share the alphabet with people who have a visual impairment. \n* Systems based on arbitrary symbols: \n* Night writing \n* Braille \n* Thomas Lucas's system, based on shorthand and phonetic principles \n* James Hatley Frere's system, similar to Lucas's in that it was based on shorthand, but written in a boustrophedon manner \n* New York Point, a system of points invented by William Bell Wait, that competed with braille for some time before braille won out \n* Decapoint See also Vibratese."@en . "Tactile alphabet"@en . . .