. . . "Thomas Sowell (North Carolina, 30 juni 1930) is een Amerikaans schrijver en econoom en een prominente Amerikaanse libertari\u00EBr."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (* 30. Juni 1930 in Gastonia, North Carolina) ist ein US-amerikanischer \u00D6konom und Fellow der konservativen Hoover Institution. Bekannt wurde er u. a. durch seine Kritik an der Affirmative Action aus Sicht eines Schwarzen."@de . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC18C\uC6F0"@ko . . . . . . "2"^^ . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (ur. 30 czerwca 1930 w Gastonii w Karolinie P\u00F3\u0142nocnej) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski ekonomista, profesor w Instytucie Hoovera na Uniwersytecie Stanforda w Kalifornii. Pr\u00F3cz dzia\u0142alno\u015Bci naukowej i badawczej, kt\u00F3re zaowocowa\u0142y licznymi publikacjami ksi\u0105\u017Ckowymi, Sowell zajmuje si\u0119 publicystyk\u0105 na \u0142amach prasy. Swoje pogl\u0105dy okre\u015Bla jako najbli\u017Csze libertarianizmowi, chocia\u017C \u2013 jak sam twierdzi \u2013 \u201Em\u00F3g\u0142by nie zgodzi\u0107 si\u0119 z ruchem libertaria\u0144skim w wielu sprawach\u201D."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@cs . "Thomas Sowell ( / s o\u028A l / ; Gastonia, Carolina del Norte, 30 de junio de 1930) es un economista y te\u00F3rico social estadounidense. Es miembro distinguido de la Hoover Institution de la Universidad Stanford. Naci\u00F3 en Gastonia (Carolina del Norte) en 1930 y creci\u00F3 en Harlem, Nueva York. Debido a problemas financieros y al deterioro de las condiciones del hogar, abandon\u00F3 la escuela secundaria Stuyvesant\u200B y sirvi\u00F3 en el Cuerpo de Marines de los Estados Unidos durante la Guerra de Corea. Obtuvo una licenciatura en econom\u00EDa con honores magna cum laude\u200B de la Universidad de Harvard en 1958 y una maestr\u00EDa de la Universidad de Columbia en 1959. En 1968, obtuvo su doctorado en econom\u00EDa de la Universidad de Chicago. Se ha desempe\u00F1ado en las facultades de varias universidades, incluidas la Universidad de Cornell y la Universidad de California en Los \u00C1ngeles. Tambi\u00E9n ha trabajado para think tanks como el Urban Institute. Desde 1980, ha trabajado en la Hoover Institution de la Universidad de Stanford. Escribe desde una perspectiva conservadora libertaria. Sowell ha escrito m\u00E1s de treinta libros, varios de los cuales han sido reimpresos en diversas antolog\u00EDas. Recibi\u00F3 la National Humanities Medal en el a\u00F1o 2002 por su trabajo acad\u00E9mico incorporando historia, econom\u00EDa y ciencias pol\u00EDticas."@es . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (IPA: [\u02C8t\u0252m.\u0259s so\u028Al]; Gastonia, 30 giugno 1930) \u00E8 un economista e saggista statunitense."@it . "1930-06-30"^^ . . . . "Thomas Sowell, n\u00E9 le 30 juin 1930, est un \u00E9conomiste de l'\u00C9cole de Chicago, professeur, \u00E9crivain et chroniqueur politique am\u00E9ricain. Il d\u00E9fend des politiques conservatrices dans le domaine social et bas\u00E9es sur le laissez-faire en \u00E9conomie."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0651\u0629: Thomas Sowell\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F 30 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0651\u060C \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0643\u0632\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0647\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631 Hoover Institution\u060C \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F. \u0648\u0644\u0650\u062F \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643 Harlem, New York. \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0645\u062A\u062E\u0631\u062C\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064A\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064A\u0643\u0627\u063A\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968. \u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062C\u0644\u0648\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0625\u0631\u0628\u0646 Urban Institute. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980\u060C \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0647\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F. \u064A\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u064B\u0627 (\u0623\u064F\u0639\u064A\u062F \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u062F\u062F\u064C \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0639\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062F\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0636\u0645\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629."@ar . . "79402"^^ . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (Gastonia, 30 de junho de 1930) \u00E9 um economista estadunidense, cr\u00EDtico social, fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico, autor e membro s\u00EAnior da Hoover Institution da Universidade de Stanford."@pt . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (* 30. Juni 1930 in Gastonia, North Carolina) ist ein US-amerikanischer \u00D6konom und Fellow der konservativen Hoover Institution. Bekannt wurde er u. a. durch seine Kritik an der Affirmative Action aus Sicht eines Schwarzen."@de . . "A dark haired man, wearing glasses and a suit and tie, looks into the camera"@en . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@pt . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30A6\u30A7\u30EB\uFF08Thomas Sowell\u30011930\u5E746\u670830\u65E5 - \uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30C9\u5927\u5B66\u30D5\u30FC\u30F4\u30A1\u30FC\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u30D5\u30A7\u30ED\u30FC\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9ED2\u4EBA\u4FDD\u5B88\u6D3E\u306E\u6CF0\u6597\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@de . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (/so\u028Al/; born June 30, 1930) is an American author, economist, political commentator and academic who is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. With widely published commentary and books\u2014and as a guest on TV and radio\u2014he became a well-known voice in the American conservative movement and is considered one of the most influential black conservatives. He was a recipient of the National Humanities Medal from President George W. Bush in 2002."@en . . . . "Thomas Sowell (IPA: [\u02C8t\u0252m.\u0259s so\u028Al]; Gastonia, 30 giugno 1930) \u00E8 un economista e saggista statunitense."@it . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30A6\u30A7\u30EB"@ja . . "Thomas Sowell signature.png"@en . . "Thomas Sowell (ur. 30 czerwca 1930 w Gastonii w Karolinie P\u00F3\u0142nocnej) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski ekonomista, profesor w Instytucie Hoovera na Uniwersytecie Stanforda w Kalifornii. Pr\u00F3cz dzia\u0142alno\u015Bci naukowej i badawczej, kt\u00F3re zaowocowa\u0142y licznymi publikacjami ksi\u0105\u017Ckowymi, Sowell zajmuje si\u0119 publicystyk\u0105 na \u0142amach prasy. Swoje pogl\u0105dy okre\u015Bla jako najbli\u017Csze libertarianizmowi, chocia\u017C \u2013 jak sam twierdzi \u2013 \u201Em\u00F3g\u0142by nie zgodzi\u0107 si\u0119 z ruchem libertaria\u0144skim w wielu sprawach\u201D."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mary Ash"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Sowell in 1964"@en . "Thomas Sowell (Gastonia, 30 de junho de 1930) \u00E9 um economista estadunidense, cr\u00EDtico social, fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico, autor e membro s\u00EAnior da Hoover Institution da Universidade de Stanford."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (* 30. \u010Dervna 1930, , Severn\u00ED Karol\u00EDna, USA) je americk\u00FD ekonom a soci\u00E1ln\u00ED teoretik. Od roku 1980 je \u010Dlenem Hooverova institutu v Kalifornii. Je zn\u00E1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm jako stoupenec libertari\u00E1nsk\u00E9ho konzervatismu a ekonomie nab\u00EDdkov\u00E9 strany a odp\u016Frce pozitivn\u00ED diskriminace."@cs . . . "1124859536"^^ . . . . . . "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30A6\u30A7\u30EB\uFF08Thomas Sowell\u30011930\u5E746\u670830\u65E5 - \uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30C9\u5927\u5B66\u30D5\u30FC\u30F4\u30A1\u30FC\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u30D5\u30A7\u30ED\u30FC\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9ED2\u4EBA\u4FDD\u5B88\u6D3E\u306E\u6CF0\u6597\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "\uD1A0\uB9C8\uC2A4 \uC18C\uC6F0(1930\uB144 ~ ) \uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uC720\uBC29\uC784\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uB97C \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uBA70 \uC2DC\uCE74\uACE0 \uD559\uD30C\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC18D\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uD559\uC740 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC640 \uCEEC\uB7FC\uBE44\uC544 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uC878\uC5C5\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Thomas Sowell"@fr . . . "Thomas Sowell"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Columbia University"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (* 30. \u010Dervna 1930, , Severn\u00ED Karol\u00EDna, USA) je americk\u00FD ekonom a soci\u00E1ln\u00ED teoretik. Od roku 1980 je \u010Dlenem Hooverova institutu v Kalifornii. Je zn\u00E1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm jako stoupenec libertari\u00E1nsk\u00E9ho konzervatismu a ekonomie nab\u00EDdkov\u00E9 strany a odp\u016Frce pozitivn\u00ED diskriminace."@cs . "189384"^^ . "Thomas Sowell ( / s o\u028A l / ; Gastonia, Carolina del Norte, 30 de junio de 1930) es un economista y te\u00F3rico social estadounidense. Es miembro distinguido de la Hoover Institution de la Universidad Stanford."@es . . . . . . . . . "Harvard University"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell, f\u00F6dd 30 juni 1930 i Gastonia, North Carolina, \u00E4r en amerikansk nationalekonom med konservativt liberal inriktning. Han har skrivit ett stort antal b\u00F6cker, av vilka m\u00E5nga behandlar olika aspekter av marknadsekonomi, i flera fall specifikt inriktade p\u00E5 etniska minoriteters villkor, till exempel konsekvenser av och positiv s\u00E4rbehandling. Sowell \u00E4r numera verksam som vid Hoover Institution vid Stanford University och \u00E4r en av de mest eminenta ekonomerna i USA."@sv . . . "\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14"@zh . "\u6258\u99AC\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u7DAD\u723E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThomas Sowell\uFF0C1930\u5E746\u670830\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u7F8E\u56FD\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u793E\u4F1A\u7406\u8BBA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u65AF\u5766\u798F\u5927\u5B66\u80E1\u4F5B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u7684\u9AD8\u7EA7\u7814\u7A76\u5458\u3002 \u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u51FA\u751F\u5728\u5317\u5361\u7F57\u6765\u7EB3\u5DDE\uFF0C\u5728\u7EBD\u7EA6\u54C8\u83B1\u59C6\u533A\u957F\u5927\u3002\u4ED6\u4ECE\u53F2\u5788\u6587\u68EE\u9AD8\u4E2D\u8F8D\u5B66\uFF0C\u5728\u671D\u9C9C\u6218\u4E89\u671F\u95F4\u5728\u6D77\u519B\u9646\u6218\u961F\u670D\u5F79\u3002\u56DE\u5230\u7F8E\u56FD\u540E\uFF0C\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u8FDB\u5165\u54C8\u4F5B\u5927\u5B66\u5B66\u4E60\uFF0C1958\u5E74\u4EE5\u4F18\u5F02\u7684\u6210\u7EE9\u6BD5\u4E1A\u30021959\u5E74\uFF0C\u4ED6\u83B7\u5F97\u54E5\u4F26\u6BD4\u4E9A\u5927\u5B66\u7855\u58EB\u5B66\u4F4D\uFF0C1968\u5E74\u83B7\u5F97\u829D\u52A0\u54E5\u5927\u5B66\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u535A\u58EB\u5B66\u4F4D\u3002 \u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u66FE\u5728\u51E0\u6240\u5927\u5B66\u4EFB\u804C\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u5EB7\u5948\u5C14\u5927\u5B66\u548C\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\u6D1B\u6749\u77F6\u5206\u6821\u3002\u4ED6\u8FD8\u5728\u57CE\u5E02\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u7B49\u667A\u5E93\u5DE5\u4F5C\u3002\u81EA1980\u5E74\u8D77\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u65AF\u5766\u798F\u5927\u5B66\u80E1\u4F5B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u5DE5\u4F5C\uFF0C\u76EE\u524D\u62C5\u4EFB\u7F57\u65AF\u548C\u7C73\u5C14\u987F\u00B7\u5F17\u91CC\u5FB7\u66FC\u516C\u5171\u653F\u7B56\u9AD8\u7EA7\u7814\u7A76\u5458\u3002\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u4ECE\u81EA\u7531\u610F\u5FD7\u4E3B\u4E49\u4FDD\u5B88\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u89D2\u5EA6\u6765\u5199\u4F5C\u3002\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u5199\u4E86\u4E09\u5341\u591A\u672C\u4E66\uFF0C\u4ED6\u7684\u4F5C\u54C1\u88AB\u5E7F\u6CDB\u9009\u7F16\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u56FD\u5BB6\u4EBA\u6587\u5956\u7AE0\u83B7\u5F97\u8005\uFF0C\u4ED6\u7684\u521B\u65B0\u5956\u5B66\u91D1\u5305\u62EC\u5386\u53F2\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u79D1\u5B66\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "* U.S. Department of Labor \n* Rutgers University \n* Howard University \n* Cornell University \n* University of Chicago \n* Brandeis University \n* University of California, Los Angeles \n* Urban Institute \n* American Enterprise Institute \n* Stanford University\n** Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences \n** Hoover Institution \n* Amherst College"@en . . "\u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043E\u0443\u044D\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Sowell; 30 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1930 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430; \u0413\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0421\u0428\u0410) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A. \u0421\u043E\u0443\u044D\u043B\u043B \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043B \u043D\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044F \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u041A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041B\u043E\u0441-\u0410\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0435. \u0421 1980 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u043D \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0418\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u044D\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435. \u0421\u043E\u0443\u044D\u043B\u043B \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043B \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 (\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445), \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044E. \u041E\u043D \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C \u043F\u043E \u0433\u0443\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430\u043C \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044E, \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0443\u044E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E, \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044E."@ru . . . "Thomas Sowell"@en . . . . . . . "\u6258\u99AC\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u7DAD\u723E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThomas Sowell\uFF0C1930\u5E746\u670830\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u7F8E\u56FD\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u793E\u4F1A\u7406\u8BBA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u65AF\u5766\u798F\u5927\u5B66\u80E1\u4F5B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u7684\u9AD8\u7EA7\u7814\u7A76\u5458\u3002 \u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u51FA\u751F\u5728\u5317\u5361\u7F57\u6765\u7EB3\u5DDE\uFF0C\u5728\u7EBD\u7EA6\u54C8\u83B1\u59C6\u533A\u957F\u5927\u3002\u4ED6\u4ECE\u53F2\u5788\u6587\u68EE\u9AD8\u4E2D\u8F8D\u5B66\uFF0C\u5728\u671D\u9C9C\u6218\u4E89\u671F\u95F4\u5728\u6D77\u519B\u9646\u6218\u961F\u670D\u5F79\u3002\u56DE\u5230\u7F8E\u56FD\u540E\uFF0C\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u8FDB\u5165\u54C8\u4F5B\u5927\u5B66\u5B66\u4E60\uFF0C1958\u5E74\u4EE5\u4F18\u5F02\u7684\u6210\u7EE9\u6BD5\u4E1A\u30021959\u5E74\uFF0C\u4ED6\u83B7\u5F97\u54E5\u4F26\u6BD4\u4E9A\u5927\u5B66\u7855\u58EB\u5B66\u4F4D\uFF0C1968\u5E74\u83B7\u5F97\u829D\u52A0\u54E5\u5927\u5B66\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u535A\u58EB\u5B66\u4F4D\u3002 \u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u66FE\u5728\u51E0\u6240\u5927\u5B66\u4EFB\u804C\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u5EB7\u5948\u5C14\u5927\u5B66\u548C\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\u6D1B\u6749\u77F6\u5206\u6821\u3002\u4ED6\u8FD8\u5728\u57CE\u5E02\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u7B49\u667A\u5E93\u5DE5\u4F5C\u3002\u81EA1980\u5E74\u8D77\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u65AF\u5766\u798F\u5927\u5B66\u80E1\u4F5B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u5DE5\u4F5C\uFF0C\u76EE\u524D\u62C5\u4EFB\u7F57\u65AF\u548C\u7C73\u5C14\u987F\u00B7\u5F17\u91CC\u5FB7\u66FC\u516C\u5171\u653F\u7B56\u9AD8\u7EA7\u7814\u7A76\u5458\u3002\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u4ECE\u81EA\u7531\u610F\u5FD7\u4E3B\u4E49\u4FDD\u5B88\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u89D2\u5EA6\u6765\u5199\u4F5C\u3002\u7D22\u7EF4\u5C14\u5199\u4E86\u4E09\u5341\u591A\u672C\u4E66\uFF0C\u4ED6\u7684\u4F5C\u54C1\u88AB\u5E7F\u6CDB\u9009\u7F16\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u56FD\u5BB6\u4EBA\u6587\u5956\u7AE0\u83B7\u5F97\u8005\uFF0C\u4ED6\u7684\u521B\u65B0\u5956\u5B66\u91D1\u5305\u62EC\u5386\u53F2\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u79D1\u5B66\u3002"@zh . . ""@en . . "Thomas Sowell (North Carolina, 30 juni 1930) is een Amerikaans schrijver en econoom en een prominente Amerikaanse libertari\u00EBr."@nl . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell, f\u00F6dd 30 juni 1930 i Gastonia, North Carolina, \u00E4r en amerikansk nationalekonom med konservativt liberal inriktning. Han har skrivit ett stort antal b\u00F6cker, av vilka m\u00E5nga behandlar olika aspekter av marknadsekonomi, i flera fall specifikt inriktade p\u00E5 etniska minoriteters villkor, till exempel konsekvenser av och positiv s\u00E4rbehandling. Sowell \u00E4r numera verksam som vid Hoover Institution vid Stanford University och \u00E4r en av de mest eminenta ekonomerna i USA."@sv . . . . "Alma Parr"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1981-01-17"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@it . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell, n\u00E9 le 30 juin 1930, est un \u00E9conomiste de l'\u00C9cole de Chicago, professeur, \u00E9crivain et chroniqueur politique am\u00E9ricain. Il d\u00E9fend des politiques conservatrices dans le domaine social et bas\u00E9es sur le laissez-faire en \u00E9conomie."@fr . . . . . . . "\uD1A0\uB9C8\uC2A4 \uC18C\uC6F0(1930\uB144 ~ ) \uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uC720\uBC29\uC784\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uB97C \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uBA70 \uC2DC\uCE74\uACE0 \uD559\uD30C\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC18D\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uD559\uC740 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC640 \uCEEC\uB7FC\uBE44\uC544 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uC878\uC5C5\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0651\u0629: Thomas Sowell\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F 30 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0651\u060C \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0643\u0632\u0645\u064A\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0647\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631 Hoover Institution\u060C \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F. \u0648\u0644\u0650\u062F \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643 Harlem, New York. \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0645\u062A\u062E\u0631\u062C\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064A\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064A\u0643\u0627\u063A\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell"@es . . . . . . . . "Gastonia, North Carolina, U.S."@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043E\u0443\u044D\u043B\u043B, \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1964"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Sowell (/so\u028Al/; born June 30, 1930) is an American author, economist, political commentator and academic who is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. With widely published commentary and books\u2014and as a guest on TV and radio\u2014he became a well-known voice in the American conservative movement and is considered one of the most influential black conservatives. He was a recipient of the National Humanities Medal from President George W. Bush in 2002. Sowell was born in segregated Gastonia, North Carolina, to a poor family, and grew up in Harlem, New York City. Due to poverty and difficulties at home, he dropped out of Stuyvesant High School and worked various odd jobs. He served in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War. Afterward he took night classes at Howard University and then attended Harvard University, where he graduated magna cum laude in 1958. He earned a master's degree in economics from Columbia University the next year and a doctorate in economics from the University of Chicago in 1968 under his mentor Milton Friedman. In his academic career, he has served on the faculties of Cornell University, Amherst College, Brandeis University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and, currently, Stanford University. He has also worked at think tanks including the Urban Institute. Since 1977, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, where he is the Rose and Milton Friedman Senior Fellow on Public Policy. Sowell was an important figure to the conservative movement during the Reagan era, influencing fellow economist Walter E. Williams and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. He was offered a position as Federal Trade Commissioner in the Ford administration, and was considered for posts including U.S. Secretary of Education in the Reagan administration, but declined both times. Sowell is the author of more than 45 books (including revised and new editions) on a variety of subjects including politics, economics, education and race, and he has been a syndicated columnist in more than 150 newspapers. His views are described as conservative, especially on social issues; libertarian, especially on economics; or libertarian-conservative. He has said he may be best labelled as a libertarian, though he disagrees with libertarians on some issues, such as national defense."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "1975"^^ . . . . "\u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043E\u0443\u044D\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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