. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1993-01-24"^^ . . "Lyndon B. Johnson"@en . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de julho de 1908 \u2013 Bethesda, 24 de janeiro de 1993) foi um juiz associado da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos de 2 de outubro de 1967 at\u00E9 1 de outubro de 1991. Foi o 86\u00B0 juiz associado e o primeiro juiz associado afro-americano dos Estados Unidos. Thurgood Marshall tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 conhecido por ter atuado para garantir a independ\u00EAncia do Qu\u00EAnia no in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1960, chegando a visitar o local e a fazer lobby por sua emancipa\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDtica em Londres. Ficou respons\u00E1vel por elaborar uma Carta de Direitos para a constitui\u00E7\u00E3o do pa\u00EDs e a maior parte de seu texto foi inserido nela durante a sua oficializa\u00E7\u00E3o em 1963. Antes de se tornar juiz, Marshall era um advogado famoso pelo seu hist\u00F3rico bem sucedido em debater sobre quest\u00F5es raciais em tribunais federais e na Suprema Corte durante o movimento dos direitos civis, gra\u00E7as a isso ficou conhecido como \"Senhor Direitos Civis (Mr. Civil Rights)\". O caso mais conhecido em que Thurgood Marshall debateu diante da Suprema Corte foi Brown v. Board of Education, cuja decis\u00E3o impediu a segrega\u00E7\u00E3o racial nas escolas p\u00FAblicas e derrubou a doutrina de Plessy v. Ferguson. Em 1961, Thurgood foi nomeado pelo presidente John F. Kennedy para atuar no Segundo Circuito de Cortes de Apela\u00E7\u00E3o, depois passou a atuar como advogado-geral sendo nomeado pelo presidente Lyndon Johnson em 1965. O Presidente Johnson o nomeou para a suprema corte em 1967, sucedendo o juiz associado Tom C. Clark. Marshall se aposentou durante a administra\u00E7\u00E3o do presidente George H. W. Bush e foi sucedido por Clarence Thomas. Thurgood Marshall foi influenciado indiretamente por seu pai a estudar direito e iniciou sua educa\u00E7\u00E3o jur\u00EDdica na Universidade Lincoln e a terminou na Escola jur\u00EDdica da Universidade Howard. Durante o seu \u00FAltimo ano em Lincoln, Marshall se casou com Vivien Burey em 1929. Os dois foram casados por 26 anos e n\u00E3o tiveram filhos, pois ela sofreu abortos espont\u00E2neos durante o casamento e morreu de c\u00E2ncer em 1955. Alguns meses ap\u00F3s a morte de Vivien, Marshall se casou com Cecilia Suyat, com quem teve dois filhos: Thurgood Marshall Jr. e John William Marshall. Thurgood e Cecilia foram casados at\u00E9 o dia da morte dele no Hospital Militar Nacional de Walter Reed em 1993. Thurgood Marshall se encontra sepultado no Cemit\u00E9rio Nacional de Arlington com a sepultura pr\u00F3xima a de outros ju\u00EDzes associados da Suprema Corte. Entre as homenagens que lhe foram feitas podem se destacar o Tribunal Americano Thurgood Marshall, o pr\u00EAmio Thurgood Marshall da American Bar Association e o filme Marshall. As principais honrarias para Thurgood Marshall foram a Medalha Spingarn, o Four Freedoms Award, a Philadelphia Liberty Medal, a Medalha Benjamin Franklin e a Medalha Presidencial da Liberdade."@pt . . . . "\u30B5\u30FC\u30B0\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30DE\u30FC\u30B7\u30E3\u30EB"@ja . . . "Bethesda, Maryland, U.S."@en . . . . "Thurgood Marshall, f\u00F6dd 2 juli 1908 i Baltimore, Maryland, d\u00F6d 24 januari 1993 i Bethesda, Maryland, var en amerikansk jurist och fr\u00E5n 1967 till 1991 domare i USA:s h\u00F6gsta domstol. Han var den f\u00F6rsta afroamerikanen att inneha denna position. Innan han blev domare var han advokat, och som s\u00E5dan fr\u00E4mst ih\u00E5gkommen f\u00F6r sin framg\u00E5ngsrika argumentation i fallet Brown v. Board of Education, i vilket h\u00F6gsta domstolen d\u00F6mde att rassegregerade skolor var emot konstitutionen."@sv . . . . . . "1955"^^ . "Thurgood Marshall (2 Juli 1908 \u2013 24 Januari 1993) adalah seorang pengacara Amerika dan aktivis hak-hak sipil yang pernah menjabat sebagai Hakim di Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat dari Oktober 1967 sampai Oktober 1991. Marshall adalah hakim di pengadilan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat. Sebelum menjabat sebagai hakim, dia berhasil memenangkan beberapa perkara hukum di hadapan Mahkamah Agung, termasuk Brown v. Board of Education."@in . . . . . . . . . "1908-07-02"^^ . . "\uC11C\uAD7F \uB9C8\uC15C(Thurgood Marshall, 1908\uB144 7\uC6D4 2\uC77C - 1993\uB144 1\uC6D4 24\uC77C)\uC740 \uBBF8 \uB300\uBC95\uC6D0\uC758 \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uD751\uC778 \uBC95\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uD638\uC0AC\uB85C \uC131\uACF5\uAC00\uB3C4\uB97C \uB2EC\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC788\uB358 \uC11C\uAD7F \uB9C8\uC15C\uC740 \uB9B0\uB4E0 \uC874\uC2A8 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 1967\uB144 \uB300\uBC95\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C \uB0B4\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 1991\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADF8 \uC9C1\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uD6C4\uC5D0 1993\uB144 11\uC6D4 30\uC77C \uBE4C \uD074\uB9B0\uD134 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC774 \uC218\uC5EC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC720\uD6C8\uC7A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (ur. 2 lipca 1908 w Baltimore, zm. 24 stycznia 1993 w Bethesda) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski prawnik. Pierwszy czarnosk\u00F3ry s\u0119dzia w S\u0105dzie Najwy\u017Cszym USA (1967\u20131991). Ojciec William Marshall, \u017Cona Vivian \u201EBuster\u201D Burey (zmar\u0142a w 1955), p\u00F3\u017Aniej Cecelia \u201ECiccy\u201D. W 1930 uko\u0144czy\u0142 studia na w Chester."@pl . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@en . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 juli 1908 - Bethesda (Maryland), 24 januari 1993) was een Amerikaanse burgerrechtenadvocaat en de eerste Afro-Amerikaanse rechter van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof. In de 24 jaar (1967-1991) dat hij Hooggerechtshofrechter was, stond Marshall bekend als liberale voorvechter van burgerrechten en de rechten van het individu (waaronder de rechten van verdachten en het recht op abortus) en als tegenstander van de doodstraf."@nl . . "Thurgood Marshall, n\u00E9 le 2 juillet 1908 \u00E0 Baltimore (Maryland) et mort le 24 janvier 1993 \u00E0 Bethesda (Maryland), est un avocat am\u00E9ricain devenu c\u00E9l\u00E8bre par sa plaidoirie lors du cas Brown v. Board of Education \u00E0 la Cour supr\u00EAme des \u00C9tats-Unis, qui d\u00E9clare la s\u00E9gr\u00E9gation raciale inconstitutionnelle dans les \u00E9coles publiques. Par la suite, il devient le premier afro-am\u00E9ricain \u00E0 si\u00E9ger \u00E0 la Cour supr\u00EAme des \u00C9tats-Unis (1967-1991). Il y a marqu\u00E9 son passage par des avis rendus dans son domaine de pr\u00E9dilection, celui des droits civiques."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "1929"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Howard University"@en . . . . . "\u30B5\u30FC\u30B0\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30DE\u30FC\u30B7\u30E3\u30EB\uFF08Thurgood Marshall, 1908\u5E747\u67082\u65E5 - 1993\u5E741\u670824\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6CD5\u5F8B\u5BB6\u3067\u3001\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u7CFB\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u4EBA\u3068\u3057\u3066\u521D\u3081\u3066\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u5224\u4E8B\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u4EBA\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Official portrait, 1976"@en . . "\u0422\u044D\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thurgood Marshall; 2 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1908, \u0411\u0430\u043B\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0440, \u041C\u044D\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0434, \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u2014 24 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1993, \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043C \u0436\u0435) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044C\u044F \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441 30 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1967 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E 1 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru . . . . ""@en . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1961-10-05"^^ . . . . . . "\u745F\u53E4\u5FB7\u00B7\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThurgood Marshall\uFF0C1908\u5E747\u67082\u65E5\uFF0D1993\u5E741\u670824\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u6C11\u6743\u5F8B\u5E08\u548C\u6CD5\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C1967\u5E74\u81F31991\u5E74\u95F4\u62C5\u4EFB\u7F8E\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u5927\u6CD5\u5B98\uFF0C\u4ED6\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u4F4D\u62C5\u4EFB\u6B64\u804C\u7684\u975E\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . "Thurgood Marshall, n\u00E9 le 2 juillet 1908 \u00E0 Baltimore (Maryland) et mort le 24 janvier 1993 \u00E0 Bethesda (Maryland), est un avocat am\u00E9ricain devenu c\u00E9l\u00E8bre par sa plaidoirie lors du cas Brown v. Board of Education \u00E0 la Cour supr\u00EAme des \u00C9tats-Unis, qui d\u00E9clare la s\u00E9gr\u00E9gation raciale inconstitutionnelle dans les \u00E9coles publiques. Par la suite, il devient le premier afro-am\u00E9ricain \u00E0 si\u00E9ger \u00E0 la Cour supr\u00EAme des \u00C9tats-Unis (1967-1991). Il y a marqu\u00E9 son passage par des avis rendus dans son domaine de pr\u00E9dilection, celui des droits civiques."@fr . . "57445"^^ . . . . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Thurgood Marshall)\u200F (\u0648. 1908 \u2013 1993 \u0645) \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u060C \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064D \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0639\u064A\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0643\u0645\u0629."@ar . . . . "Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1991-10-01"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thoroughgood Marshall"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1965-08-23"^^ . . . . . . "1965-08-23"^^ . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall, f\u00F6dd 2 juli 1908 i Baltimore, Maryland, d\u00F6d 24 januari 1993 i Bethesda, Maryland, var en amerikansk jurist och fr\u00E5n 1967 till 1991 domare i USA:s h\u00F6gsta domstol. Han var den f\u00F6rsta afroamerikanen att inneha denna position. Innan han blev domare var han advokat, och som s\u00E5dan fr\u00E4mst ih\u00E5gkommen f\u00F6r sin framg\u00E5ngsrika argumentation i fallet Brown v. Board of Education, i vilket h\u00F6gsta domstolen d\u00F6mde att rassegregerade skolor var emot konstitutionen."@sv . "Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 \u2013 January 24, 1993) was an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court's first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he was an attorney who fought for civil rights, leading the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Marshall coordinated the assault on racial segregation in schools. He won 29 of the 32 civil rights cases he argued before the Supreme Court, culminating in the Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which rejected the separate but equal doctrine and held segregation in public education to be unconstitutional. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court in 196"@en . . . . . . . "5961"^^ . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1967"^^ . . . . "1965"^^ . . . . . . "1961"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (2 Juli 1908 \u2013 24 Januari 1993) adalah seorang pengacara Amerika dan aktivis hak-hak sipil yang pernah menjabat sebagai Hakim di Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat dari Oktober 1967 sampai Oktober 1991. Marshall adalah hakim di pengadilan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat. Sebelum menjabat sebagai hakim, dia berhasil memenangkan beberapa perkara hukum di hadapan Mahkamah Agung, termasuk Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall lahir di Baltimore, Maryland. Dia lulus dari pada tahun 1933. Ia bekerja sebagai pengacara di Baltimore sebelum mendirikan , tempat ia menjabat sebagai direktur eksekutif. Pada saat menjabat di NAACP, dia mengajukan beberapa perkara ke Mahkamah Agung AS, seperti , , dan Brown v. Board of Education. Putusan perkara yang disebut terakhir menyatakan bahwa segregasi rasial dalam sistem pendidikan publik merupakan pelanggaran terhadap Klausul Perlindungan Setara. Pada tahun 1961, Presiden John F. Kennedy mengangkat Marshall ke Pengadilan Banding Amerika Serikat untuk Sirkuit Kedua. Empat tahun kemudian, Presiden Lyndon B. Johnson menunjuk Marshall sebagai . Pada tahun 1967, Johnson sukses menominasikan Marshall untuk menggantikan Hakim Agung Tom C. Clark yang pensiun sebagai Hakim Agung Mahkamah Agung AS. Marshall pensiun pada masa pemerintahan Presiden George HW Bush pada tahun 1991, dan digantikan oleh Clarence Thomas."@in . . "\uC11C\uAD7F \uB9C8\uC15C"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1908-07-02"^^ . . . . "1124634841"^^ . . "Thurgood Marshall (2. \u010Dervence 1908 \u2013 24. ledna 1993) byl americk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk a od roku 1967 do roku 1991 soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Byl historicky prvn\u00ED Afroameri\u010Dan, kter\u00FD se stal soudcem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu. V roce 1961 ho prezident John F. Kennedy jmenoval soudcem Odvolac\u00EDho soudu USA. O \u010Dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011Bji ho prezident Lyndon B. Johnson jmenoval gener\u00E1ln\u00EDm z\u00E1stupcem, kter\u00FD p\u0159ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDm soudem reprezentuje feder\u00E1ln\u00ED vl\u00E1du USA. V roce 1967 ho prezident Johnson \u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u011B nominoval na soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu, kter\u00FDm z\u016Fstal cel\u00FDch 24 let."@cs . "Seat established"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "32"^^ . . "\u745F\u53E4\u5FB7\u00B7\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14"@zh . . "Thurgood Marshall"@en . "74043"^^ . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de julho de 1908 \u2013 Bethesda, 24 de janeiro de 1993) foi um juiz associado da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos de 2 de outubro de 1967 at\u00E9 1 de outubro de 1991. Foi o 86\u00B0 juiz associado e o primeiro juiz associado afro-americano dos Estados Unidos. Thurgood Marshall tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 conhecido por ter atuado para garantir a independ\u00EAncia do Qu\u00EAnia no in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1960, chegando a visitar o local e a fazer lobby por sua emancipa\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDtica em Londres. Ficou respons\u00E1vel por elaborar uma Carta de Direitos para a constitui\u00E7\u00E3o do pa\u00EDs e a maior parte de seu texto foi inserido nela durante a sua oficializa\u00E7\u00E3o em 1963."@pt . "\uC11C\uAD7F \uB9C8\uC15C(Thurgood Marshall, 1908\uB144 7\uC6D4 2\uC77C - 1993\uB144 1\uC6D4 24\uC77C)\uC740 \uBBF8 \uB300\uBC95\uC6D0\uC758 \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uD751\uC778 \uBC95\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uD638\uC0AC\uB85C \uC131\uACF5\uAC00\uB3C4\uB97C \uB2EC\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC788\uB358 \uC11C\uAD7F \uB9C8\uC15C\uC740 \uB9B0\uB4E0 \uC874\uC2A8 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 1967\uB144 \uB300\uBC95\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C \uB0B4\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 1991\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADF8 \uC9C1\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uD6C4\uC5D0 1993\uB144 11\uC6D4 30\uC77C \uBE4C \uD074\uB9B0\uD134 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC774 \uC218\uC5EC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC720\uD6C8\uC7A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de juliol de 1908 - Bethesda, 24 de gener de 1993) va ser jutge del Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units des d'octubre de 1967 fins a octubre de 1991, convertint-se aix\u00ED en el primer afroameric\u00E0 en el c\u00E0rrec. Es va retirar del tribunal el 1991, per motius de salut. El llavors president George HW Bush va nominar , el qual despr\u00E9s de ser confirmat pel Senat es va convertir en el successor de Marshall."@ca . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@pt . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de julio de 1908 - Bethesda, 24 de enero de 1993) fue juez de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos desde octubre de 1967 hasta octubre de 1991, el primer afroestadounidense elegido para el puesto. Antes de convertirse en juez tuvo una exitosa carrera como abogado, con una alta tasa de \u00E9xito ante la Corte Suprema (fue quien m\u00E1s casos llev\u00F3 ante esa instancia) y conocido por su victoria en el caso Brown contra Consejo de Educaci\u00F3n. Fue designado luego por el presidente John F. Kennedy para trabajar en la del Segundo Circuito, y en 1965 el presidente Lyndon Johnson lo nombr\u00F3 primero procurador general y luego lo promovi\u00F3 a la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos."@es . . . "Thurgood Marshall (* 2. Juli 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland; \u2020 24. Januar 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und der erste afroamerikanische Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof der USA. Er amtierte von 1967 bis 1991, als er sich aus gesundheitlichen Gr\u00FCnden von seinem Amt zur\u00FCckzog. 2017 wurde sein Leben und Wirken zum Gegenstand des Films Marshall."@de . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 juli 1908 - Bethesda (Maryland), 24 januari 1993) was een Amerikaanse burgerrechtenadvocaat en de eerste Afro-Amerikaanse rechter van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof. In de 24 jaar (1967-1991) dat hij Hooggerechtshofrechter was, stond Marshall bekend als liberale voorvechter van burgerrechten en de rechten van het individu (waaronder de rechten van verdachten en het recht op abortus) en als tegenstander van de doodstraf."@nl . . . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644"@ar . "Thurgood Marshall"@in . . "1967-08-30"^^ . "Thurgood Marshall (* 2. Juli 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland; \u2020 24. Januar 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und der erste afroamerikanische Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof der USA. Er amtierte von 1967 bis 1991, als er sich aus gesundheitlichen Gr\u00FCnden von seinem Amt zur\u00FCckzog. 2017 wurde sein Leben und Wirken zum Gegenstand des Films Marshall."@de . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimora, 2 luglio 1908 \u2013 Bethesda, 24 gennaio 1993) \u00E8 stato un giurista statunitense."@it . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@fr . . "180"^^ . . "\u30B5\u30FC\u30B0\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30DE\u30FC\u30B7\u30E3\u30EB\uFF08Thurgood Marshall, 1908\u5E747\u67082\u65E5 - 1993\u5E741\u670824\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6CD5\u5F8B\u5BB6\u3067\u3001\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u7CFB\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u4EBA\u3068\u3057\u3066\u521D\u3081\u3066\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u5224\u4E8B\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u4EBA\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B, \u0422\u044D\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434"@ru . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 \u2013 January 24, 1993) was an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court's first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he was an attorney who fought for civil rights, leading the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Marshall coordinated the assault on racial segregation in schools. He won 29 of the 32 civil rights cases he argued before the Supreme Court, culminating in the Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which rejected the separate but equal doctrine and held segregation in public education to be unconstitutional. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court in 1967. A staunch liberal, he frequently dissented as the Court became increasingly conservative. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall attended Lincoln University and the Howard University School of Law. At Howard, he was mentored by Charles Hamilton Houston, who taught his students to be \"social engineers\" willing to use the law to fight for civil rights. Marshall opened a law practice in Baltimore but soon joined Houston at the NAACP in New York. They worked together on the segregation case of Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada; after Houston returned to Washington, Marshall took his place as special counsel of the NAACP, and he became director-counsel of the newly formed NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. He participated in numerous landmark Supreme Court cases involving civil rights, including Smith v. Allwright, Morgan v. Virginia, Shelley v. Kraemer, McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, Sweatt v. Painter, Brown, and Cooper v. Aaron. His approach to desegregation cases emphasized the use of sociological data to show that segregation was inherently unequal. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, where he favored a broad interpretation of constitutional protections. Four years later, Johnson appointed him as the U.S. Solicitor General. In 1967, Johnson nominated Marshall to replace Justice Tom C. Clark on the Supreme Court; despite opposition from Southern senators, he was confirmed by a vote of 69 to 11. He was often in the majority during the consistently liberal Warren Court period, but after appointments by President Richard Nixon made the Court more conservative, Marshall frequently found himself in dissent. His closest ally on the Court was Justice William J. Brennan Jr., and the two voted the same way in most cases. Marshall's jurisprudence was pragmatic and drew on his real-world experience. His most influential contribution to constitutional doctrine, the \"sliding-scale\" approach to the Equal Protection Clause, called on courts to apply a flexible balancing test instead of a more rigid tier-based analysis. He fervently opposed the death penalty, which in his view constituted cruel and unusual punishment; he and Brennan dissented in more than 1,400 cases in which the majority refused to review a death sentence. He favored a robust interpretation of the First Amendment in decisions such as Stanley v. Georgia, and he supported abortion rights in Roe v. Wade and other cases. Marshall retired from the Supreme Court in 1991 and was replaced by Clarence Thomas. He died in 1993."@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u044D\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thurgood Marshall; 2 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1908, \u0411\u0430\u043B\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0440, \u041C\u044D\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0434, \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u2014 24 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1993, \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043C \u0436\u0435) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044C\u044F \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441 30 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1967 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E 1 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru . . . "1993-01-24"^^ . . . . . "Baltimore, Maryland, U.S."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de juliol de 1908 - Bethesda, 24 de gener de 1993) va ser jutge del Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units des d'octubre de 1967 fins a octubre de 1991, convertint-se aix\u00ED en el primer afroameric\u00E0 en el c\u00E0rrec. Abans de convertir-se en jutge va tenir una reeixida carrera com a advocat, amb una alta taxa d'\u00E8xit davant del Tribunal Suprem (va ser qui m\u00E9s casos va portar davant d'aquesta inst\u00E0ncia) i sobretot conegut per la seva vict\u00F2ria en el cas Brown contra el Consell d'Educaci\u00F3. Va ser designat m\u00E9s tard pel president John F. Kennedy per treballar a la Cort Federal d'Apel\u00B7lacions del Segon Circuit, i el 1965 el president Lyndon Johnson el va nomenar primer procurador general i despr\u00E9s el va promoure al Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units. Es va retirar del tribunal el 1991, per motius de salut. El llavors president George HW Bush va nominar , el qual despr\u00E9s de ser confirmat pel Senat es va convertir en el successor de Marshall."@ca . . . "\u745F\u53E4\u5FB7\u00B7\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThurgood Marshall\uFF0C1908\u5E747\u67082\u65E5\uFF0D1993\u5E741\u670824\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u6C11\u6743\u5F8B\u5E08\u548C\u6CD5\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C1967\u5E74\u81F31991\u5E74\u95F4\u62C5\u4EFB\u7F8E\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u5927\u6CD5\u5B98\uFF0C\u4ED6\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u4F4D\u62C5\u4EFB\u6B64\u804C\u7684\u975E\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@cs . . . "\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thurgood Marshall; 2 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1908\u201424 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043D\u044F 1993) \u2014 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 1967 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0443\u043A \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u042F\u043A \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0442 \u041D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u00BB \u0443 1954 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410."@uk . . "\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B"@uk . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@es . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@de . . . "Thoroughgood Marshall"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "343"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimora, 2 luglio 1908 \u2013 Bethesda, 24 gennaio 1993) \u00E8 stato un giurista statunitense."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1967-10-02"^^ . . . "\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0434 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B\u043B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thurgood Marshall; 2 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1908\u201424 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043D\u044F 1993) \u2014 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 1967 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0443\u043A \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u042F\u043A \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0442 \u041D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u00BB \u0443 1954 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410."@uk . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (2. \u010Dervence 1908 \u2013 24. ledna 1993) byl americk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk a od roku 1967 do roku 1991 soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Byl historicky prvn\u00ED Afroameri\u010Dan, kter\u00FD se stal soudcem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu. Narodil se ve m\u011Bst\u011B Baltimore ve st\u00E1t\u011B Maryland a v roce 1933 vystudoval pr\u00E1vnickou fakultu na . Po studiu si zalo\u017Eil soukromou praxi, ne\u017E vstoupil do ob\u010Danskopr\u00E1vn\u00ED organizace , kde p\u016Fsobil jako v\u00FDkonn\u00FD \u0159editel. B\u011Bhem p\u016Fsoben\u00ED v t\u00E9to organizaci vedl n\u011Bkolik l\u00ED\u010Den\u00ED u Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu, nap\u0159\u00EDklad p\u0159\u00EDpady , nebo slavn\u00FD Brown vs. \u0161koln\u00ED rada Topeky, kter\u00FD stanovil, \u017Ee rasov\u00E1 segregace ve \u0161kol\u00E1ch je proti\u00FAstavn\u00ED. V roce 1961 ho prezident John F. Kennedy jmenoval soudcem Odvolac\u00EDho soudu USA. O \u010Dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011Bji ho prezident Lyndon B. Johnson jmenoval gener\u00E1ln\u00EDm z\u00E1stupcem, kter\u00FD p\u0159ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDm soudem reprezentuje feder\u00E1ln\u00ED vl\u00E1du USA. V roce 1967 ho prezident Johnson \u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u011B nominoval na soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho soudu, kter\u00FDm z\u016Fstal cel\u00FDch 24 let."@cs . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@it . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Thurgood Marshall)\u200F (\u0648. 1908 \u2013 1993 \u0645) \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u060C \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064D \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0639\u064A\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0643\u0645\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@ca . "Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit"@en . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall (ur. 2 lipca 1908 w Baltimore, zm. 24 stycznia 1993 w Bethesda) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski prawnik. Pierwszy czarnosk\u00F3ry s\u0119dzia w S\u0105dzie Najwy\u017Cszym USA (1967\u20131991). Ojciec William Marshall, \u017Cona Vivian \u201EBuster\u201D Burey (zmar\u0142a w 1955), p\u00F3\u017Aniej Cecelia \u201ECiccy\u201D. W 1930 uko\u0144czy\u0142 studia na w Chester."@pl . . . "Thurgood Marshall (Baltimore, 2 de julio de 1908 - Bethesda, 24 de enero de 1993) fue juez de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos desde octubre de 1967 hasta octubre de 1991, el primer afroestadounidense elegido para el puesto. Antes de convertirse en juez tuvo una exitosa carrera como abogado, con una alta tasa de \u00E9xito ante la Corte Suprema (fue quien m\u00E1s casos llev\u00F3 ante esa instancia) y conocido por su victoria en el caso Brown contra Consejo de Educaci\u00F3n. Fue designado luego por el presidente John F. Kennedy para trabajar en la del Segundo Circuito, y en 1965 el presidente Lyndon Johnson lo nombr\u00F3 primero procurador general y luego lo promovi\u00F3 a la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos. Se retir\u00F3 de la corte suprema en 1991, por motivos de salud.\u200B\u200B El entonces presidente George H. W. Bush nomin\u00F3 a Clarence Thomas, quien luego de ser confirmado por el Senado se convirti\u00F3 en el sucesor de Marshall.\u200B\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . "Thurgood Marshall"@pl . . .