. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Walfleisch ist das Fleisch von Walen, einer gro\u00DFen Kategorie von Meeress\u00E4ugern. Bis zum 20. Jahrhundert war Walfang f\u00FCr verschiedene Zwecke noch allgemein \u00FCblich, einschlie\u00DFlich der Herstellung von Nahrungsmitteln. In Walfanggemeinschaften war und ist es bis heute noch Brauch, Walfleisch zu essen: beispielsweise jagen die Inuit den Narwal und Beluga, oder auf den F\u00E4r\u00F6er-Inseln werden Grindwale gefangen. Die gr\u00F6\u00DFten Konsumenten von Walfleisch sind die Japaner, der Konsum insgesamt ist aber in den letzten Jahrzehnten zur\u00FCckgegangen."@de . . . . "\u9BE8\u8089\uFF08\u3052\u3044\u306B\u304F/\u304F\u3058\u3089\u306B\u304F\uFF09 \u3068\u306F\u3001\u98DF\u54C1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308F\u308C\u308B\u9BE8\u985E\u3084\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5C0F\u578B\u7A2E\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30A4\u30EB\u30AB\u985E\u306E\u53EF\u98DF\u90E8\u5168\u822C\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u72ED\u7FA9\u306B\u306F\u30A4\u30EB\u30AB\u985E\u306F\u9664\u304F\u3002\u7B4B\u8089\u3001\u5185\u81D3\u3001\u9BE8\u985E\u7279\u6709\u306E\u8102\u76AE\uFF08\u8102\u80AA\u5C64\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u3092\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . . "1116976741"^^ . . "La carne de ballena, en t\u00E9rminos generales, puede incluir todos los cet\u00E1ceos (ballenas, delfines, marsopas) y todas las partes del animal: m\u00FAsculo (carne), \u00F3rganos (despojos), piel (muktuk) y grasa (grasa de ballena). Hay relativamente poca demanda, en comparaci\u00F3n con el ganado de granja, y la caza de ballenas comercial, que ha enfrentado oposici\u00F3n durante d\u00E9cadas, contin\u00FAa hoy en muy pocos pa\u00EDses (principalmente Islandia, Jap\u00F3n, Noruega), aunque la carne de ballena sol\u00EDa consumirse en Europa occidental y Estados Unidos colonial.\u200B Sin embargo, dondequiera que exista la caza de delfines y la caza de ballenas abor\u00EDgenes, los mam\u00EDferos marinos se comen localmente como parte de la econom\u00EDa de subsistencia: en las Islas Feroe, en el \u00C1rtico circumpolar (los inuit en Canad\u00E1 y Groenlandia, los pueblos relacionados en Alaska, el pueblo Chukchi de Siberia), otros pueblos ind\u00EDgenas de los Estados Unidos (incluido el pueblo Makah del noroeste del Pac\u00EDfico), en San Vicente y las Granadinas (principalmente en la isla de Bequia), en un par de aldeas de Indonesia y en ciertas islas del Pac\u00EDfico Sur. Al igual que la carne de caballo, para algunas culturas la carne de ballena es un tab\u00FA o un alimento de \u00FAltimo recurso, por ejemplo en tiempos de guerra, mientras que en otros es un manjar y un centro culinario. Los grupos ind\u00EDgenas sostienen que la carne de ballena representa su supervivencia cultural. Su consumo ha sido denunciado por detractores por motivos de conservaci\u00F3n de la vida silvestre, toxicidad (especialmente mercurio) y derechos de los animales. La carne de ballena se puede preparar de varias formas, incluido el curado con sal, lo que significa que el consumo no est\u00E1 necesariamente restringido a las comunidades costeras."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La carn de balena \u00E9s la carn dels cetacis (catxalots, balenopt\u00E8rids, iubartes i altres balenes) utilitzada en l'alimentaci\u00F3 dels \u00E9ssers humans o altres animals. En un sentit m\u00E9s ampli inclou tamb\u00E9 el consum d'altres parts com la pell, els \u00F2rgans i el greix de balena.Es prepara de diverses maneres i ha format part de la dieta en moltes parts del m\u00F3n, incloent-hi l'Europa occidental i Am\u00E8rica. El consum de carn de balena perdura en pa\u00EFsos com el Jap\u00F3, Noruega, les Illes F\u00E8roe i pels bascos, els inuits i altres pobles ind\u00EDgenes dels Estats Units, el Canad\u00E0 i la Groenl\u00E0ndia, pels txuktxis de Sib\u00E8ria a R\u00FAssia i els habitants de l'illa de al mar del Carib. El consum de carn de balena pels \u00E9ssers humans ha estat denunciat per motius relatius a la conservaci\u00F3 de la fauna salvatge i la toxicitat d'aquests animals, a causa del seu alt contingut de mercuri, que provoca un enverinament per mercuri, anomenat malaltia de Minamata. El 2007, l'ONG ambientalista Greenpeace expos\u00E0 dofins i balenes capturats en les xarxes dels pescadors a la Porta de Brandenburg (Berl\u00EDn) en protesta contra la ca\u00E7a comercial d'aquests animals amena\u00E7ats i pressionar els governs que participen en les cimeres de la Comissi\u00F3 Balenera Internacional perqu\u00E8 prenguessin mesures."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u6307\u7684\u662F\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8EAB\u4E0A\u88AB\u4EBA\u985E\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u98DF\u7528\u7684\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u8102\u80AA\u3001\u76AE\u4EE5\u53CA\u5167\u81DF\u5668\u5B98\u3002\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u5730\u65B9\u90FD\u6709\u98DF\u7528\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u542B\u897F\u6B50\u8207\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u3002 \u98DF\u7528\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u7684\u7FD2\u6163\u4E26\u4E0D\u50C5\u9650\u65BC\u6D77\u5CB8\u7684\u5C45\u6C11\uFF0C\u900F\u904E\u9E7D\u9183\u7684\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u8207\u8102\u80AA\u53EF\u4EE5\u4FDD\u5B58\u76F8\u7576\u9577\u7684\u4E00\u6BB5\u6642\u9593\u4E26\u6703\u88AB\u8F38\u5165\u81F3\u5167\u9678\u3002 \u73FE\u4ECA\u4ECD\u7136\u5728\u98DF\u7528\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5305\u542B\u65E5\u672C\u3001\u5357\u97D3\u3001\u897F\u4F2F\u5229\u4E9E\u7684\u695A\u79D1\u5947\u4EBA\u3001\u56E0\u7D10\u7279\u4EBA\u3001\u7F8E\u570B\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u897F\u5317\u592A\u5E73\u6D0B\u5730\u5340\u7684\uFF09\u3001\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\u8207\u683C\u9675\u862D\u3001\u632A\u5A01\u3001\u51B0\u5CF6\u3001\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A\u571F\u8457\u4EE5\u53CA\u888B\u9F20\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u52A0\u52D2\u6BD4\u6D77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8056\u6587\u68EE\u53CA\u683C\u745E\u90A3\u4E01\uFF08\u4E3B\u8981\u65BC\u8C9D\u57FA\u4E9E\u5CF6\u4E0A\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . "La carne di balena \u00E8 la carne dei cetacei (capodogli, balenottere, megattere, balene) usata nell'alimentazione dagli uomini o da altri animali. In senso pi\u00F9 ampio si intende anche il consumo di altre parti come la pelle, i suoi organi e il grasso di balena."@it . . . . . . . "Walfleisch"@de . . . "Carne de ballena"@es . "Daging paus adalah daging dari paus untuk konsumsi manusia dan hewan lain, dan mencakup organ tubuh, kulit, dan . Daging paus dimasak dengan berbagai cara dan dalam sejarah telah dikonsumsi di berbagai tempat di penjuru dunia, termasuk Eropa dan . Konsumsinya tidak terbatas pada penduduk di sekitar pantai karena daging dan lapisan lemaknya dapat diawetkan. Konsumsi daging paus bertentangan dengan usaha menghormati hak asasi hewan. Selain itu, toksisitas pada hewan laut secara umum juga menjadi faktor ditentangnya konsumsi paus."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u6307\u7684\u662F\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8EAB\u4E0A\u88AB\u4EBA\u985E\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u98DF\u7528\u7684\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u8102\u80AA\u3001\u76AE\u4EE5\u53CA\u5167\u81DF\u5668\u5B98\u3002\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u5730\u65B9\u90FD\u6709\u98DF\u7528\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u542B\u897F\u6B50\u8207\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u3002 \u98DF\u7528\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u7684\u7FD2\u6163\u4E26\u4E0D\u50C5\u9650\u65BC\u6D77\u5CB8\u7684\u5C45\u6C11\uFF0C\u900F\u904E\u9E7D\u9183\u7684\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u8207\u8102\u80AA\u53EF\u4EE5\u4FDD\u5B58\u76F8\u7576\u9577\u7684\u4E00\u6BB5\u6642\u9593\u4E26\u6703\u88AB\u8F38\u5165\u81F3\u5167\u9678\u3002 \u73FE\u4ECA\u4ECD\u7136\u5728\u98DF\u7528\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5305\u542B\u65E5\u672C\u3001\u5357\u97D3\u3001\u897F\u4F2F\u5229\u4E9E\u7684\u695A\u79D1\u5947\u4EBA\u3001\u56E0\u7D10\u7279\u4EBA\u3001\u7F8E\u570B\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u897F\u5317\u592A\u5E73\u6D0B\u5730\u5340\u7684\uFF09\u3001\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\u8207\u683C\u9675\u862D\u3001\u632A\u5A01\u3001\u51B0\u5CF6\u3001\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A\u571F\u8457\u4EE5\u53CA\u888B\u9F20\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u52A0\u52D2\u6BD4\u6D77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8056\u6587\u68EE\u53CA\u683C\u745E\u90A3\u4E01\uFF08\u4E3B\u8981\u65BC\u8C9D\u57FA\u4E9E\u5CF6\u4E0A\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . "Walfleisch ist das Fleisch von Walen, einer gro\u00DFen Kategorie von Meeress\u00E4ugern. Bis zum 20. Jahrhundert war Walfang f\u00FCr verschiedene Zwecke noch allgemein \u00FCblich, einschlie\u00DFlich der Herstellung von Nahrungsmitteln. In Walfanggemeinschaften war und ist es bis heute noch Brauch, Walfleisch zu essen: beispielsweise jagen die Inuit den Narwal und Beluga, oder auf den F\u00E4r\u00F6er-Inseln werden Grindwale gefangen. Die gr\u00F6\u00DFten Konsumenten von Walfleisch sind die Japaner, der Konsum insgesamt ist aber in den letzten Jahrzehnten zur\u00FCckgegangen."@de . . "Carn de balena"@ca . . . . "\u9BE8\u8089\uFF08\u3052\u3044\u306B\u304F/\u304F\u3058\u3089\u306B\u304F\uFF09 \u3068\u306F\u3001\u98DF\u54C1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308F\u308C\u308B\u9BE8\u985E\u3084\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5C0F\u578B\u7A2E\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30A4\u30EB\u30AB\u985E\u306E\u53EF\u98DF\u90E8\u5168\u822C\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u72ED\u7FA9\u306B\u306F\u30A4\u30EB\u30AB\u985E\u306F\u9664\u304F\u3002\u7B4B\u8089\u3001\u5185\u81D3\u3001\u9BE8\u985E\u7279\u6709\u306E\u8102\u76AE\uFF08\u8102\u80AA\u5C64\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u3092\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "32850"^^ . "\uACE0\uB798\uACE0\uAE30\uB294 \uACE0\uB798\uC758 \uACE0\uAE30\uC774\uBA70, \uC0B4 \uC774\uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC9C0\uBC29, \uD53C\uBD80, \uC7A5\uAE30 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uBD80\uC704\uAC00 \uB300\uC0C1\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uACFC\uAC70 \uC11C\uC720\uB7FD\uC774\uB098 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uC808\uC758 \uBBF8\uAD6D, \uC77C\uBD80 \uD574\uC548 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC5FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uD55C \uACE0\uB798\uACE0\uAE30\uAC00 \uB9CE\uC774 \uC12D\uCDE8\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098, \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C\uB294 \uB3D9\uBB3C\uAD8C \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC0C1\uB2F9\uC218\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uACE0\uB798\uC7A1\uC774\uAC00 \uAE08\uC9C0\uB418\uC5B4 \uADDC\uC81C\uB97C \uBC1B\uB294\uB370\uB2E4 \uB3C5\uC131\uB3C4\uC758 \uBB38\uC81C \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC808\uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE08\uAE30 \uC2DD\uD488\uC73C\uB85C \uC790\uB9AC\uC7A1\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC5D0\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8, \uB178\uB974\uC6E8\uC774, \uC544\uC774\uC2AC\uB780\uB4DC, \uD398\uB85C \uC81C\uB3C4, \uBC14\uC2A4\uD06C \uC9C0\uBC29, \uBBF8\uAD6D\uACFC \uCE90\uB098\uB2E4 \uBC0F \uADF8\uB9B0\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC774\uB204\uC774\uD2B8, \uC2DC\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC544\uC758 \uCD95\uCE58\uC778, \uC77C\uBD80 \uCE74\uB9AC\uBE0C \uD574 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC8FC\uB85C \uC18C\uBE44\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u9BE8\u8089"@ja . . . . . . "Whale meat, broadly speaking, may include all cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises) and all parts of the animal: muscle (meat), organs (offal), skin (muktuk), and fat (blubber). There is relatively little demand for whale meat, compared to farmed livestock. Commercial whaling, which has faced opposition for decades, continues today in very few countries (mainly Iceland, Japan and Norway), despite whale meat being eaten across Western Europe and colonial America previously. However, in areas where dolphin drive hunting and aboriginal whaling exist, marine mammals are eaten locally as part of a subsistence economy: the Faroe Islands, the circumpolar Arctic (the Inuit in Canada and Greenland, related peoples in Alaska, the Chukchi people of Siberia), other indigenous peoples of the United States (including the Makah people of the Pacific Northwest), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (mainly on the island of Bequia), some of villages in Indonesia and in certain South Pacific islands. Like horse meat, for some cultures whale meat is taboo, or a food of last resort, e.g. in times of war, whereas in others it is a delicacy and a culinary centrepiece. Indigenous groups contend that whale meat represents their cultural survival. Its consumption has been denounced by detractors on wildlife conservation, toxicity (especially mercury), and animal rights grounds. Whale meat can be prepared in various ways, including salt-curing, which means that consumption is not necessarily restricted to coastal communities."@en . . . "La carn de balena \u00E9s la carn dels cetacis (catxalots, balenopt\u00E8rids, iubartes i altres balenes) utilitzada en l'alimentaci\u00F3 dels \u00E9ssers humans o altres animals. En un sentit m\u00E9s ampli inclou tamb\u00E9 el consum d'altres parts com la pell, els \u00F2rgans i el greix de balena.Es prepara de diverses maneres i ha format part de la dieta en moltes parts del m\u00F3n, incloent-hi l'Europa occidental i Am\u00E8rica."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uACE0\uB798\uACE0\uAE30"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "La carne di balena \u00E8 la carne dei cetacei (capodogli, balenottere, megattere, balene) usata nell'alimentazione dagli uomini o da altri animali. In senso pi\u00F9 ampio si intende anche il consumo di altre parti come la pelle, i suoi organi e il grasso di balena. La carne di balena \u00E8 stata consumata in passato in Europa occidentale, Nordamerica e Asia orientale, e il suo consumo continua oggi in paesi quali il Giappone, la Norvegia, le isole Faer Oer, e da parte dei baschi, degli inuit e di altri popoli indigeni degli Stati Uniti, del Canada e della Groenlandia, dei ciukci della Siberia in Russia e degli abitanti dell'isola di Bequia nel mar dei Caraibi. Tuttavia in molte culture essa \u00E8 considerata un tab\u00F9 alimentare, e il suo commercio \u00E8 illegale in molti paesi."@it . "La carne de ballena, en t\u00E9rminos generales, puede incluir todos los cet\u00E1ceos (ballenas, delfines, marsopas) y todas las partes del animal: m\u00FAsculo (carne), \u00F3rganos (despojos), piel (muktuk) y grasa (grasa de ballena). Hay relativamente poca demanda, en comparaci\u00F3n con el ganado de granja, y la caza de ballenas comercial, que ha enfrentado oposici\u00F3n durante d\u00E9cadas, contin\u00FAa hoy en muy pocos pa\u00EDses (principalmente Islandia, Jap\u00F3n, Noruega), aunque la carne de ballena sol\u00EDa consumirse en Europa occidental y Estados Unidos colonial.\u200B Sin embargo, dondequiera que exista la caza de delfines y la caza de ballenas abor\u00EDgenes, los mam\u00EDferos marinos se comen localmente como parte de la econom\u00EDa de subsistencia: en las Islas Feroe, en el \u00C1rtico circumpolar (los inuit en Canad\u00E1 y Groenlandia, los pue"@es . . . . . . . . . "20134604"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Daging paus adalah daging dari paus untuk konsumsi manusia dan hewan lain, dan mencakup organ tubuh, kulit, dan . Daging paus dimasak dengan berbagai cara dan dalam sejarah telah dikonsumsi di berbagai tempat di penjuru dunia, termasuk Eropa dan . Konsumsinya tidak terbatas pada penduduk di sekitar pantai karena daging dan lapisan lemaknya dapat diawetkan. Praktik konsumsi paus telah berlangsung hingga sekarang di berbagai negara seperti Jepang, Norwegia, Islandia, dan Kepulauan Faroe, juga oleh berbagai suku seperti , Inuit, dan masyarakat pribumi Amerika Serikat, Siberia, dan Kepulauan Karibia. Konsumsi daging paus bertentangan dengan usaha menghormati hak asasi hewan. Selain itu, toksisitas pada hewan laut secara umum juga menjadi faktor ditentangnya konsumsi paus."@in . . "Whale meat, broadly speaking, may include all cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises) and all parts of the animal: muscle (meat), organs (offal), skin (muktuk), and fat (blubber). There is relatively little demand for whale meat, compared to farmed livestock. Commercial whaling, which has faced opposition for decades, continues today in very few countries (mainly Iceland, Japan and Norway), despite whale meat being eaten across Western Europe and colonial America previously. However, in areas where dolphin drive hunting and aboriginal whaling exist, marine mammals are eaten locally as part of a subsistence economy: the Faroe Islands, the circumpolar Arctic (the Inuit in Canada and Greenland, related peoples in Alaska, the Chukchi people of Siberia), other indigenous peoples of the United S"@en . "Daging paus"@in . . . . . . . . . . . "Whale meat"@en . "Carne di balena"@it . . "2010-07-06"^^ . . . . . "\u9BE8\u9B5A\u8089"@zh . . "\uACE0\uB798\uACE0\uAE30\uB294 \uACE0\uB798\uC758 \uACE0\uAE30\uC774\uBA70, \uC0B4 \uC774\uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC9C0\uBC29, \uD53C\uBD80, \uC7A5\uAE30 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uBD80\uC704\uAC00 \uB300\uC0C1\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uACFC\uAC70 \uC11C\uC720\uB7FD\uC774\uB098 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uC808\uC758 \uBBF8\uAD6D, \uC77C\uBD80 \uD574\uC548 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC5FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uD55C \uACE0\uB798\uACE0\uAE30\uAC00 \uB9CE\uC774 \uC12D\uCDE8\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098, \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C\uB294 \uB3D9\uBB3C\uAD8C \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC0C1\uB2F9\uC218\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uACE0\uB798\uC7A1\uC774\uAC00 \uAE08\uC9C0\uB418\uC5B4 \uADDC\uC81C\uB97C \uBC1B\uB294\uB370\uB2E4 \uB3C5\uC131\uB3C4\uC758 \uBB38\uC81C \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC808\uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE08\uAE30 \uC2DD\uD488\uC73C\uB85C \uC790\uB9AC\uC7A1\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC5D0\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8, \uB178\uB974\uC6E8\uC774, \uC544\uC774\uC2AC\uB780\uB4DC, \uD398\uB85C \uC81C\uB3C4, \uBC14\uC2A4\uD06C \uC9C0\uBC29, \uBBF8\uAD6D\uACFC \uCE90\uB098\uB2E4 \uBC0F \uADF8\uB9B0\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC774\uB204\uC774\uD2B8, \uC2DC\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC544\uC758 \uCD95\uCE58\uC778, \uC77C\uBD80 \uCE74\uB9AC\uBE0C \uD574 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC8FC\uB85C \uC18C\uBE44\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . .