"William Murray, SL, PC, n\u00E9 le 2 mars 1705 et mort le 20 mars 1793, 1er , est un barrister, homme politique et juge britannique connu pour sa r\u00E9forme de la loi anglaise. N\u00E9 dans la noblesse \u00E9cossaise, il re\u00E7oit son \u00E9ducation \u00E0 Perth avant de d\u00E9m\u00E9nager \u00E0 l'\u00E2ge de 13 ans pour \u00E9tudier \u00E0 la Westminster School. Il est accept\u00E9 au coll\u00E8ge Christ Church de l'universit\u00E9 d'Oxford en mai 1723, et acquiert rapidement une bonne r\u00E9putation en tant que barrister."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "The Earl of Mansfield"@en . . "1783"^^ . . . "1754-03-06"^^ . . . . "1776"^^ . "1754-03-06"^^ . . . "William Murray, I conte di Mansfield (Scone, 2 marzo 1705 \u2013 Highgate, 20 marzo 1793), \u00E8 stato un magistrato e politico britannico."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Lord Thurlow as Lord Chancellor"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, PC, SL (2 March 1705 \u2013 20 March 1793) was a British barrister, politician and judge noted for his reform of English law. Born to Scottish nobility, he was educated in Perth, Scotland, before moving to London at the age of 13 to take up a place at Westminster School. He was accepted into Christ Church, Oxford, in May 1723, and graduated four years later. Returning to London from Oxford, he was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn on 23 November 1730, and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent barrister."@en . . . . . "1705-03-02"^^ . . . . . . "John Fuller 1754\u201355"@en . . . . . . . "2"^^ . . "February 1783"@en . "\uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uBA38\uB9AC"@ko . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield"@en . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1\u00BA Conde de Mansfield"@pt . . "1793-03-20"^^ . . . . "William Murray, 1:e earl av Mansfield"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Lord Chancellor"@en . . . . "William Murray, 1. hrab\u011B z Mansfieldu"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1705-03-02"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1:e earl av Mansfield, f\u00F6dd den 2 mars 1705, d\u00F6d den 20 mars 1793, var en brittisk domare och politiker, son till , bror till och jakobiten , farbror till . Mansfield intr\u00E4dde 1731 p\u00E5 den juridiska banan och blev snart en av advokatst\u00E5ndets ledande m\u00E4n genom sin praktiska duglighet och talarbeg\u00E5vning samt sina omfattande kunskaper. Han blev 1742 medlem av underhuset och , var under de n\u00E4rmast f\u00F6ljande \u00E5ren regeringspolitikens fr\u00E4mste f\u00F6rsvarare i underhuset, blev 1754 attorney general i hertigens av Newcastle minist\u00E4r och var 1754-56 underhusets ledare. \u00C5r 1756 blev Mansfield lord\u00F6verdomare, upph\u00F6jdes samtidigt till peer som baron Mansfield och bibeh\u00F6ll under v\u00E4xlande minist\u00E4rer i 15 \u00E5r sin plats i kabinettet. \u00C5r 1776 upph\u00F6jdes han till och 1788 tog han avsked fr\u00E5n lord\u00F6v"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1:e earl av Mansfield, f\u00F6dd den 2 mars 1705, d\u00F6d den 20 mars 1793, var en brittisk domare och politiker, son till , bror till och jakobiten , farbror till . Mansfield intr\u00E4dde 1731 p\u00E5 den juridiska banan och blev snart en av advokatst\u00E5ndets ledande m\u00E4n genom sin praktiska duglighet och talarbeg\u00E5vning samt sina omfattande kunskaper. Han blev 1742 medlem av underhuset och , var under de n\u00E4rmast f\u00F6ljande \u00E5ren regeringspolitikens fr\u00E4mste f\u00F6rsvarare i underhuset, blev 1754 attorney general i hertigens av Newcastle minist\u00E4r och var 1754-56 underhusets ledare. \u00C5r 1756 blev Mansfield lord\u00F6verdomare, upph\u00F6jdes samtidigt till peer som baron Mansfield och bibeh\u00F6ll under v\u00E4xlande minist\u00E4rer i 15 \u00E5r sin plats i kabinettet. \u00C5r 1776 upph\u00F6jdes han till och 1788 tog han avsked fr\u00E5n lord\u00F6verdomar\u00E4mbetet. Till sin politiska \u00E5sk\u00E5dning var Mansfield moderat tory, och som parlamentsdebatt\u00F6r var han endast den \u00E4ldre Pitt underl\u00E4gsen. Sin st\u00F6rsta ber\u00F6mmelse vann dock Mansfield som domare. Han anses som den engelska handelsr\u00E4ttens grundl\u00E4ggare, och vida ber\u00F6mt blev hans utslag i en r\u00E4tteg\u00E5ng 1771, d\u00E5 han beordrade en svart slavs frigivande med den motiveringen, att slaveri i och f\u00F6r sig \u00E4r s\u00E5 motbjudande, att det inte kan tolereras, om det inte stadgas genom positiv lag, ett uttalande av stor betydelse i slavemancipationens historia."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "George Gregory 1742\u201346"@en . . . "Sir Cecil Bishopp 1755\u201356"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uBA38\uB9AC \uACBD(1705\uB144 3\uC6D4 2\uC77C \u2013 1793\uB144 3\uC6D4 20\uC77C)\uC740 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uBCC0\uD638\uC0AC, \uD310\uC0AC, \uC815\uCE58\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uC81C1\uB300 \uB9E8\uC2A4\uD544\uB4DC \uBC31\uC791\uC774\uBA70, \uC601\uAD6D\uBC95\uC744 \uAC1C\uD601\uD55C \uC778\uBB3C\uB85C \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D \uB300\uBC95\uAD00(Lord Chief Justice)\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0C8\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C Lord Chief Justice\uB294 Lord Chancellor \uB2E4\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uBC95\uBD80\uC758 2\uC778\uC790\uB85C\uC11C, \uACE0\uC704\uADC0\uC871\uC778 \uB300\uBC95\uAD00(lord chief justice)\uC774 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC0AC\uBC95\uCCB4\uACC4\uB97C \uCC45\uC784\uC9C0\uACE0 \uADF8 \uC544\uB798\uB85C \uAC01 \uC8FC\uC5D0 \uD30C\uACAC\uB41C \uACE0\uB4F1\uD310\uC0AC(justiciar)\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uBA38\uB9AC\uB294 \"\uC790\uC720\uB780 \uBC95\uCE58 \uC815\uBD80 \uC544\uB798 \uC0AC\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4\"\uB77C\uACE0 \uB9D0\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064A (\u0625\u064A\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064A\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)"@ar . . . . "Hon. Lewis Monson Watson 1750\u201354"@en . . . "William Murray, I conte di Mansfield (Scone, 2 marzo 1705 \u2013 Highgate, 20 marzo 1793), \u00E8 stato un magistrato e politico britannico."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Earl of Dalkeith 1746\u201350"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Portrait of Mansfield by Jean-Baptiste van Loo"@en . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, I conte di Mansfield"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1. Earl of Mansfield"@de . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1. hrab\u011B z Mansfieldu (William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, 1st Baron Mansfield) (2. b\u0159ezna 1705, Scone Palace, Skotsko \u2013 20. b\u0159ezna 1793, Kenwood House, Lond\u00FDn, Anglie) byl britsk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk a politik. Od ml\u00E1d\u00ED zast\u00E1val vysok\u00E9 funkce v anglick\u00E9 justici, nakonec byl historicky nejd\u00E9le \u00FA\u0159aduj\u00EDc\u00EDm lordem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDm sud\u00EDm (1756\u20131788). Z titulu sv\u00FDch funkc\u00ED byl inici\u00E1torem \u010Detn\u00FDch reforem britsk\u00E9ho pr\u00E1vn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu, soub\u011B\u017En\u011B byl vlivn\u00FDm politikem strany tory\u016F. Od roku 1756 byl s titulem barona \u010Dlenem Sn\u011Bmovny lord\u016F, v roce 1776 byl pov\u00FD\u0161en na hrab\u011Bte. Jeho d\u011Bdicem byl synovec David Murray, 2. hrab\u011B z Mansfieldu (1727\u20131796), dlouholet\u00FD diplomat a nakonec ministr zahrani\u010D\u00ED."@cs . . . "1757-04-08"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, SL, PC, n\u00E9 le 2 mars 1705 et mort le 20 mars 1793, 1er , est un barrister, homme politique et juge britannique connu pour sa r\u00E9forme de la loi anglaise. N\u00E9 dans la noblesse \u00E9cossaise, il re\u00E7oit son \u00E9ducation \u00E0 Perth avant de d\u00E9m\u00E9nager \u00E0 l'\u00E2ge de 13 ans pour \u00E9tudier \u00E0 la Westminster School. Il est accept\u00E9 au coll\u00E8ge Christ Church de l'universit\u00E9 d'Oxford en mai 1723, et acquiert rapidement une bonne r\u00E9putation en tant que barrister. Impliqu\u00E9 dans la politique \u00E0 partir de 1742, il est tout d'abord \u00E9lu Membre du Parlement (\u00AB MP \u00BB) pour le borough de Boroughbridge, et est choisi pour le poste d'Avocat g\u00E9n\u00E9ral. En l'absence d'un Procureur g\u00E9n\u00E9ral assez puissant, il devient le principal porte-parole pour le gouvernement \u00E0 la Chambre des communes, o\u00F9 il se fait remarquer pour son \u00AB grand talent d'\u00E9loquence \u00BB et est d\u00E9crit comme \u00AB le meilleur orateur sans comparaison \u00BB de la Chambre. \u00C0 la suite de la promotion de Sir Dudley Ryder en tant que Lord Chef de la Justice, il devient Procureur g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, et lorsque Ryder meurt de mani\u00E8re inattendue quelques mois plus tard, c'est Mansfield qui prend sa place. En tant que Lord Chef de la Justice, Mansfield modernise \u00E0 la fois la loi anglaise et le syst\u00E8me des tribunaux anglais ; il acc\u00E9l\u00E8re les d\u00E9p\u00F4ts de requ\u00EAtes et r\u00E9forme la mani\u00E8re dont les jugements sont donn\u00E9s afin de r\u00E9duire leur dur\u00E9e et leurs co\u00FBts pour les parties. \u00C0 la suite des proc\u00E8s Carter vs Boehm et Pillans vs Van Mierop, il est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le fondateur du droit commercial anglais. Il est probablement plus connu pour son jugement dans l'affaire Somersett, o\u00F9 il conclut que l'esclavage est ill\u00E9gal en Angleterre (bien que cela n'arr\u00EAte pas le trafic)."@fr . . . . . . . "Elizabeth Finch"@en . . . "\u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064A\u060C \u0625\u064A\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064A\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield)\u200F\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 (\u0628\u0651\u064A \u0633\u064A)\u060C \u0648\u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A (\u0625\u0633 \u0625\u0644) (2 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1705 - 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1793) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0634\u062A\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0631\u062B\u060C \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0646\u0633\u062A\u0631. \u0642\u064F\u0628\u0650\u0644\u064E \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0646\u064A\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064A\u062D\u060C \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648 1723\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0631\u062C \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0639\u0648\u062F\u062A\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F\u060C \u0645\u0646\u062D\u062A\u0647 \u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0625\u062C\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064A 23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1730\u060C \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062A\u0627\u0632."@ar . "1757-04-05"^^ . "William Murray, 1. hrab\u011B z Mansfieldu (William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, 1st Baron Mansfield) (2. b\u0159ezna 1705, Scone Palace, Skotsko \u2013 20. b\u0159ezna 1793, Kenwood House, Lond\u00FDn, Anglie) byl britsk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk a politik. Od ml\u00E1d\u00ED zast\u00E1val vysok\u00E9 funkce v anglick\u00E9 justici, nakonec byl historicky nejd\u00E9le \u00FA\u0159aduj\u00EDc\u00EDm lordem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDm sud\u00EDm (1756\u20131788). Z titulu sv\u00FDch funkc\u00ED byl inici\u00E1torem \u010Detn\u00FDch reforem britsk\u00E9ho pr\u00E1vn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu, soub\u011B\u017En\u011B byl vlivn\u00FDm politikem strany tory\u016F. Od roku 1756 byl s titulem barona \u010Dlenem Sn\u011Bmovny lord\u016F, v roce 1776 byl pov\u00FD\u0161en na hrab\u011Bte. Jeho d\u011Bdicem byl synovec David Murray, 2. hrab\u011B z Mansfieldu (1727\u20131796), dlouholet\u00FD diplomat a nakonec ministr zahrani\u010D\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1. Earl of Mansfield (* 2. M\u00E4rz 1705 in Scone Palace, Perthshire, Schottland; \u2020 20. M\u00E4rz 1793 in Kenwood House, London) war ein schottischer Barrister, Politiker und Richter."@de . "1792"^^ . . "1793-03-20"^^ . "The Earl of Mansfield"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1\u00BA Conde de Mansfield, (2 de mar\u00E7o de 1705 - 20 de mar\u00E7o de 1793) foi um advogado, pol\u00EDtico e juiz brit\u00E2nico conhecido por sua reforma da lei inglesa."@pt . . . . . . "1756-11-08"^^ . . . . "2"^^ . "1756-11-08"^^ . . . "1"^^ . . . . "William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, PC, SL (2 March 1705 \u2013 20 March 1793) was a British barrister, politician and judge noted for his reform of English law. Born to Scottish nobility, he was educated in Perth, Scotland, before moving to London at the age of 13 to take up a place at Westminster School. He was accepted into Christ Church, Oxford, in May 1723, and graduated four years later. Returning to London from Oxford, he was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn on 23 November 1730, and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent barrister. He became involved in politics in 1742, beginning with his election as a Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge, now in North Yorkshire, and appointment as Solicitor General. In the absence of a strong Attorney General, he became the main spokesman for the government in the House of Commons, and was noted for his \"great powers of eloquence\" and described as \"beyond comparison the best speaker\" in the House of Commons. With the promotion of Sir Dudley Ryder to Lord Chief Justice in 1754, he became Attorney General, and when Ryder unexpectedly died several months later, he took his place as Chief Justice. As the most powerful British jurist of the century, Mansfield's decisions reflected the Age of Enlightenment and moved the country onto the path to abolishing slavery. He advanced commercial law in ways that helped establish the nation as world leader in industry, finance and trade. He modernised both English law and the English courts system; he rationalized the system for submitting motions and reformed the way judgments were delivered to reduce expense for the parties. For his work in Carter v Boehm and Pillans v Van Mierop, he has been called the founder of English commercial law. He is perhaps now best known for his judgment in Somersett's Case (1772), where he held that slavery had no basis in common law and had never been established by positive law (legislation) in England, and therefore was not binding in law; this judgement did not, however, outlaw the slave trade. However, historians note that Mansfield's ruling in the Somersett case only made it illegal to transport a slave out of England against his will, and did not comment on the institution of slavery itself."@en . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1\u00BA Conde de Mansfield, (2 de mar\u00E7o de 1705 - 20 de mar\u00E7o de 1793) foi um advogado, pol\u00EDtico e juiz brit\u00E2nico conhecido por sua reforma da lei inglesa."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1788-06-04"^^ . . . . "Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge"@en . . "1742-12-15"^^ . . . "\uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uBA38\uB9AC \uACBD(1705\uB144 3\uC6D4 2\uC77C \u2013 1793\uB144 3\uC6D4 20\uC77C)\uC740 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uBCC0\uD638\uC0AC, \uD310\uC0AC, \uC815\uCE58\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uC81C1\uB300 \uB9E8\uC2A4\uD544\uB4DC \uBC31\uC791\uC774\uBA70, \uC601\uAD6D\uBC95\uC744 \uAC1C\uD601\uD55C \uC778\uBB3C\uB85C \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D \uB300\uBC95\uAD00(Lord Chief Justice)\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0C8\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C Lord Chief Justice\uB294 Lord Chancellor \uB2E4\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uBC95\uBD80\uC758 2\uC778\uC790\uB85C\uC11C, \uACE0\uC704\uADC0\uC871\uC778 \uB300\uBC95\uAD00(lord chief justice)\uC774 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC0AC\uBC95\uCCB4\uACC4\uB97C \uCC45\uC784\uC9C0\uACE0 \uADF8 \uC544\uB798\uB85C \uAC01 \uC8FC\uC5D0 \uD30C\uACAC\uB41C \uACE0\uB4F1\uD310\uC0AC(justiciar)\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uBA38\uB9AC\uB294 \"\uC790\uC720\uB780 \uBC95\uCE58 \uC815\uBD80 \uC544\uB798 \uC0AC\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4\"\uB77C\uACE0 \uB9D0\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray, 1. Earl of Mansfield (* 2. M\u00E4rz 1705 in Scone Palace, Perthshire, Schottland; \u2020 20. M\u00E4rz 1793 in Kenwood House, London) war ein schottischer Barrister, Politiker und Richter."@de . . . . . . . . . "1783-12-23"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Murray"@fr . . . "The Lord Thurlow as Lord Chancellor"@en . . . 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