. "126"^^ . . . "70"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "88"^^ . . . "William Stukeley"@en . "Stukeley, William"@en . . . . . . "\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B9\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30AF\u30EA"@ja . "107"^^ . . . "1765-03-03"^^ . . . . . "167"^^ . . "98"^^ . . . . "\u2014 David Boyd Haycock, 2002"@en . . . "100"^^ . . "175"^^ . . "\u2014 Stuart Piggott, 1985"@en . "William Stukeley (Holbeach, 7 novembre 1687 \u2013 Kentish Town, 3 marzo 1765) \u00E8 stato un antiquario, medico e sacerdote inglese.Ebbe un'influenza significativa sul successivo sviluppo dell'archeologia, aprendo la strada all'indagine accademica dei monumenti preistorici di Stonehenge e Avebury nel Wiltshire. Il 6 gennaio 1721 fu elevato al grado massonico di Maestro nella Loggia che si riuniva presso la Salutation Tavern a Londra."@it . . . "Piggott"@en . "2002"^^ . "114"^^ . . . . "189"^^ . "191"^^ . . "190"^^ . . . "191"^^ . . "William Stukeley"@pt . . . . "1985"^^ . "6"^^ . . . . "27"^^ . . . "30"^^ . . . "28"^^ . . "29"^^ . "William Stukeley"@eo . . . . . . "42"^^ . . . "42"^^ . "224"^^ . "225"^^ . "25"^^ . "41"^^ . . . . "45"^^ . "231"^^ . "34"^^ . . "232"^^ . "28"^^ . "35"^^ . . "32"^^ . . "235"^^ . . . . "39"^^ . . . . . "\u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . "60"^^ . . "William Stukeley, f\u00F6dd 7 november 1687 i Holbeach i Lincolnshire, d\u00F6d 3 mars 1765, var en engelsk antikvarie som gjorde banbrytande arkeologiska unders\u00F6kningar vid Stonehenge och Avebury. Han f\u00F6ddes som son till en advokat. Stukeley var v\u00E4n med Isaac Newton och utgav anteckningar om dennes liv (1752). William Stukeley var en av de tidiga fornforskarna som f\u00F6rde arkeologin fram\u00E5t som \u00E4mne, men som \u00E4nd\u00E5 samtidigt kunde l\u00E4gga fram helt sansl\u00F6sa id\u00E9er om arkeologiska sp\u00F6rsm\u00E5l. Han var en god iakttagare av diverse fornminnen. \u00C4nnu under upplysningstidens inledningsskede var det vanligt att gemene man gav ok\u00E4nda ting \u00F6vernaturliga f\u00F6rklaringar, men han kunde bland annat f\u00F6rklara att de geometriska konturerna som engelska b\u00F6nder iakttog i sina \u00E5krar var under jord kvarvarande byggnadsgrunder. Han hade ett typologiskt arbetss\u00E4tt, men det g\u00E4llde ej artefakter, utan minnesm\u00E4rken av olika slag. Dessa sammanf\u00F6rde han i olika grupper, beroende av form, f\u00F6r att eventuellt kunna tidsbest\u00E4mma dem relativt och ocks\u00E5 hoppas hitta n\u00E5gon information om dem i det knappa skrivna material som ber\u00F6rde tiden f\u00F6re romarnas er\u00F6vring av England och Wales. Det han \u00E4r mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r \u00E4r de banbrytande arkeologiska unders\u00F6kningarna vid Avebury, Silbury Hill och Stonehenge i England. Praktiskt var hans tillv\u00E4gag\u00E5ngss\u00E4tt att studera stratigrafin (byggnadslager) i olika slags gravh\u00F6gar och kunde av utgr\u00E4vningsresultatet fastsl\u00E5 att alla ovan tre n\u00E4mnda namnkunniga engelska fornminnena var f\u00F6rromerska. Detta bekr\u00E4ftades ocks\u00E5 av flera romerska v\u00E4gar gick igenom gravh\u00F6gar, medan vid Silbury Hill, den st\u00F6rsta konstgjorda kullen i Europa, s\u00E5 gick den romerska v\u00E4gen en omv\u00E4g runt kullen f\u00F6r dess omf\u00E5ng hade varit alldeles f\u00F6r arbetsam att genombryta d\u00E5 v\u00E4gen utstakades. Genom att j\u00E4mf\u00F6ra f\u00F6rvittringen mellan Avebury och Stonehenge, kom han fram till att det f\u00F6rra st\u00E4llet hade f\u00F6rvittrat mer och d\u00E4rmed m\u00E5ste vara \u00E4ldre. Helt och h\u00E5llet kunde inte ens denna engelska antikvarie h\u00E5lla sig fr\u00E5n spekulationer. Han drog slutsatser som h\u00F6ll sig till fantasins v\u00E4rld. Denna j\u00E4mf\u00F6rande arkeologi, som bland annat Stukeleys dotter Anna f\u00F6rde vidare som arv fr\u00E5n fadern genom att j\u00E4mf\u00F6ra en f\u00F6rromersk ristning i sten med f\u00F6rhistoriska mynt och d\u00E4rmed kunde fastst\u00E4lla dess kronologiska \u00E5lder, f\u00F6reb\u00E5dade s\u00E5dana som dansken Christian J\u00FCrgensen Thomsen och svensken Oscar Montelius. Ett stort antal fornforskare, bland annat i Skandinavien och Storbritannien verkade p\u00E5 1700-talet, tyv\u00E4rr saknade de en sammanh\u00E4ngande teori, metodm\u00E4ssigt var de ocks\u00E5 svaga j\u00E4mf\u00F6rt med arkeologerna p\u00E5 1800-talet. Dock b\u00F6rjade enskilda fornforskare som Stukeley rita ut konturerna till det som i b\u00F6rjan av 1800-talet v\u00E4xte till en vetenskaplig arkeologi."@sv . "250"^^ . "49"^^ . . "55"^^ . "53"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "1765-03-03"^^ . . . "25"^^ . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley, (7 novembre 1687 - 3 mars 1765) est un antiquaire anglais, pionnier de la recherche arch\u00E9ologique sur les sites m\u00E9galithiques de Stonehenge et Avebury. Il a \u00E9galement compos\u00E9 une biographie d'Isaac Newton."@fr . . "30"^^ . . "32"^^ . . "33"^^ . . . . . . . . . "43"^^ . . "42"^^ . . . "44"^^ . "45"^^ . "46"^^ . . "47"^^ . "William Stukeley (Lincolnshire, 7 de novembro de 1687 \u2013 3 de mar\u00E7o de 1765) foi um cl\u00E9rigo anglicano e antiqu\u00E1rio ingl\u00EAs que foi pioneiro na investiga\u00E7\u00E3o arqueol\u00F3gica dos monumentos pr\u00E9-hist\u00F3ricos de Stonehenge e Avebury. Stukeley era amigo de Isaac Newton e estava entre os primeiros bi\u00F3grafos de Newton."@pt . . "49"^^ . . "William Stukeley, (7 novembre 1687 - 3 mars 1765) est un antiquaire anglais, pionnier de la recherche arch\u00E9ologique sur les sites m\u00E9galithiques de Stonehenge et Avebury. Il a \u00E9galement compos\u00E9 une biographie d'Isaac Newton."@fr . . . . . . . . "\u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C \u0421\u0442\u044C\u044E\u043A\u043B\u0438, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. William Stukeley (7 \u043D\u043E\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1687 \u2014 3 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 1765) \u2014 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439-\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0442\u044D\u043C\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430, \u043F\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043E\u0443\u043D\u0445\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0438 \u042D\u0439\u0432\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043A\u0430 \u041D\u044C\u044E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . "142"^^ . . "130"^^ . "72"^^ . . . . . "William Stukeley (ur. 7 listopada 1687 w Holbeach w hrabstwie Lincolnshire, zm. 3 marca 1765 w Londynie) \u2013 angielski lekarz, duchowny anglika\u0144ski, badacz staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci."@pl . "133"^^ . . . . . . "\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B9\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30AF\u30EA (William Stukeley FRS, FRCP, FSA, 1687\u5E7411\u67087\u65E5 - 1765\u5E743\u67083\u65E5) \u306F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u533B\u5E2B\u3001\u7267\u5E2B\u3001\u597D\u53E4\u5BB6\u3002\u30B9\u30C8\u30FC\u30F3\u30D8\u30F3\u30B8\u3084\u30A8\u30FC\u30F4\u30D9\u30EA\u30FC\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u5148\u53F2\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u907A\u8DE1\u306E\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u7684\u8ABF\u67FB\u3092\u5148\u99C6\u3051\u305F\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u306E\u907A\u8DE1\u3092\u81EA\u3089\u8A2A\u308C\u8ABF\u3079\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u300C\u304A\u305D\u3089\u304F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u306E\u8A13\u7DF4\u3092\u3057\u305F\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5148\u99C6\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u300D \u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u56FD\u6559\u4F1A\u3067\u306E\u5730\u4F4D\u3092\u30C9\u30EB\u30A4\u30C9\u306E\u8003\u3048\u3078\u306E\u8208\u5473\u3068\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u3001\u30D5\u30EA\u30FC\u30E1\u30A4\u30BD\u30F3\u306B\u3082\u76DB\u3093\u306B\u53C2\u52A0\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA\u30FB\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30E9\u30E0\u306E\u507D\u66F8\u30FBDescription of Britain\u3092\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u8005\u306E\u9593\u306B\u62E1\u6563\u3055\u305B\u3066\u3057\u307E\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30A4\u30B6\u30C3\u30AF\u30FB\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u53CB\u4EBA\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u4F1D\u8A18\u4F5C\u5BB6\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u0421\u0442\u044C\u044E\u043A\u043B\u0438, \u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C"@ru . . . "151"^^ . . . . "105"^^ . . . . . "110"^^ . . . . . . . . . "129"^^ . "117"^^ . . . . . . . . "4650"^^ . . "385"^^ . . "William Stukeley, FRS, FRCP, FSA, (* 7. November 1687 in Holbeach, Lincolnshire; \u2020 3. M\u00E4rz 1765 in London) war ein britischer Altertumsforscher (\u201EAntiquar\u201C) aus Yorkshire."@de . . "\u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C \u0421\u0442\u044C\u044E\u043A\u043B\u0438, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. William Stukeley (7 \u043D\u043E\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1687 \u2014 3 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 1765) \u2014 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439-\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0442\u044D\u043C\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430, \u043F\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043E\u0443\u043D\u0445\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0438 \u042D\u0439\u0432\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043A\u0430 \u041D\u044C\u044E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430."@ru . . . . . "William Stukeley"@sv . . . "William Stukeley"@es . . . "William Stukeley"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1120615949"^^ . . . . . . "In Stukeley we see, thanks to a remarkable volume of evidence, the eighteenth-century antiquary larger than life-size. He is unrepresentative and yet representative: individual, eccentric, an 'original' but with all his characteristics no more than a slight exaggeration of those of his fellow antiquaries. He is almost a corporate sum of his contemporaries, with all their achievements and their intellectual crotchets concentrated and magnified in one man."@en . . . . . "384"^^ . "385"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "5355"^^ . . . "Portrait attributed to Richard Collins"@en . . . . . "Hutton"@en . "1687-11-07"^^ . . "William Stukeley"@it . . . "William Stukeley"@pl . . . . . . . . . "Hutton"@en . "Haycock"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley, FRS, FRCP, FSA, (* 7. November 1687 in Holbeach, Lincolnshire; \u2020 3. M\u00E4rz 1765 in London) war ein britischer Altertumsforscher (\u201EAntiquar\u201C) aus Yorkshire."@de . . . "124128"^^ . . 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"William Stukeley naci\u00F3 en 1687, estudi\u00F3 Medicina y en 1718 se convirti\u00F3 en el primer secretario de la . Un a\u00F1o m\u00E1s tarde, visit\u00F3 Stonehenge en Inglaterra y se enamor\u00F3 de ese lugar. Stukeley estaba fascinado con los druidas, pero adem\u00E1s quer\u00EDa ser uno de ellos. En 1730 cambi\u00F3 de carrera y se lo nombr\u00F3 Vicario de todos los Santos en Stamford. Desde ah\u00ED, incluy\u00F3 sus ideas de la filosof\u00EDa dru\u00EDdica a sus sermones, e incluso comenz\u00F3 a firmar sus cartas como \u00ABChyndonax, Druida del Monte Haemus\u00BB."@es . "Holbeach, Lincolnshire, England"@en . . "William Stukeley (Holbeach, 7 novembre 1687 \u2013 Kentish Town, 3 marzo 1765) \u00E8 stato un antiquario, medico e sacerdote inglese.Ebbe un'influenza significativa sul successivo sviluppo dell'archeologia, aprendo la strada all'indagine accademica dei monumenti preistorici di Stonehenge e Avebury nel Wiltshire. Il 6 gennaio 1721 fu elevato al grado massonico di Maestro nella Loggia che si riuniva presso la Salutation Tavern a Londra."@it . "1687-11-07"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley naci\u00F3 en 1687, estudi\u00F3 Medicina y en 1718 se convirti\u00F3 en el primer secretario de la . Un a\u00F1o m\u00E1s tarde, visit\u00F3 Stonehenge en Inglaterra y se enamor\u00F3 de ese lugar. Stukeley estaba fascinado con los druidas, pero adem\u00E1s quer\u00EDa ser uno de ellos. En 1730 cambi\u00F3 de carrera y se lo nombr\u00F3 Vicario de todos los Santos en Stamford. Desde ah\u00ED, incluy\u00F3 sus ideas de la filosof\u00EDa dru\u00EDdica a sus sermones, e incluso comenz\u00F3 a firmar sus cartas como \u00ABChyndonax, Druida del Monte Haemus\u00BB."@es . . . . . . . . . . . "William STUKELEY membro de la Re\u011Da Societo de Londono (7a Novembro 1687 \u2013 3a Marto 1765) estis angla antikva\u0135isto kaj pioniro de arkeologia priser\u0109ado de prahistoriaj monumentoj de Stonehenge kaj Avebury, laboro prr kiu li estis memorita kiel \"probable... la plej grava el la fruaj pioniroj de la fako arkeologio\". Stukeley estis anka\u016D unu el unuaj biografistoj de Isaac Newton, kies amiko li estis. Li estis anka\u016D anglikana pastro. Interesita en la novmoda organizo de Framasonismo, li mem ekpriskribis sin kiel \"druido\", kaj mal\u011Duste kredis ke la prahistoriaj megalitaj monumentoj estis parto de la druida religio. Tamen, spite tion li fami\u011Dis kiel grava figuro en la komenca disvolvi\u011Do de la moderna movado konata kiel Druidismo. Li enkondukis la vorton trilito."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley"@en . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley, f\u00F6dd 7 november 1687 i Holbeach i Lincolnshire, d\u00F6d 3 mars 1765, var en engelsk antikvarie som gjorde banbrytande arkeologiska unders\u00F6kningar vid Stonehenge och Avebury. Han f\u00F6ddes som son till en advokat. Stukeley var v\u00E4n med Isaac Newton och utgav anteckningar om dennes liv (1752). Helt och h\u00E5llet kunde inte ens denna engelska antikvarie h\u00E5lla sig fr\u00E5n spekulationer. Han drog slutsatser som h\u00F6ll sig till fantasins v\u00E4rld."@sv . . . . . "189716"^^ . "right"@en . . . . "left"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley"@de . "382"^^ . . "William Stukeley (Lincolnshire, 7 de novembro de 1687 \u2013 3 de mar\u00E7o de 1765) foi um cl\u00E9rigo anglicano e antiqu\u00E1rio ingl\u00EAs que foi pioneiro na investiga\u00E7\u00E3o arqueol\u00F3gica dos monumentos pr\u00E9-hist\u00F3ricos de Stonehenge e Avebury. Stukeley era amigo de Isaac Newton e estava entre os primeiros bi\u00F3grafos de Newton."@pt . . . . "William Stukeley (ur. 7 listopada 1687 w Holbeach w hrabstwie Lincolnshire, zm. 3 marca 1765 w Londynie) \u2013 angielski lekarz, duchowny anglika\u0144ski, badacz staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci."@pl . . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: William Stukeley)\u200F \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A \u0648\u0623\u062D\u062F \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062F\u0627\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0646\u062C. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u062A\u0634 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0648\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064A\u062F\u062C. \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062A\u0647 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062A \u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C \u0631\u062D\u0644\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \"Itinerarium Curiosum\" \u0641\u064A 1724. \u0642\u062F \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0635\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0644\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u064A\u0648\u0645 3 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1765."@ar . . . . . . . . . "William Stukeley FRS FSA (7 November 1687 \u2013 3 March 1765) was an English antiquarian, physician and Anglican clergyman. A significant influence on the later development of archaeology, he pioneered the scholarly investigation of the prehistoric monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury in Wiltshire. He published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime. Born in Holbeach, Lincolnshire, as the son of a lawyer, Stukeley worked in his father's law business before attending Bene't College, Cambridge. In 1709 he began studying medicine at St Thomas' Hospital, Southwark, before working as a general practitioner in Boston, Lincolnshire. From 1710 till 1725 he embarked on annual tours of the countryside, seeking out archaeological monuments and other features that interested him; he wrote up and published several accounts of his travels. In 1717, he returned to London and established himself within the city's antiquarian circles. In 1718 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and became the first secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of London. In 1721 he became a Freemason and in 1722 co-founded the Society of Roman Knights, an organisation devoted to the study of Roman Britain. In the early 1720s, Stukeley developed a particular interest in Stonehenge and Avebury, two prehistoric stone circles in Wiltshire. He visited them repeatedly, undertaking fieldwork to determine their dimensions. In 1726 Stukeley relocated to Grantham, Lincolnshire, where he married. In 1729 he was ordained as a cleric in the Church of England and appointed vicar of All Saints' Church in Stamford, Lincolnshire. He was a friend of the Archbishop of Canterbury William Wake, who encouraged him to use his antiquarian studies to combat the growth of deism and freethought in Britain. To this end, Stukeley developed the belief that Britain's ancient druids had followed a monotheistic religion inherited from the Biblical Patriarchs; he called this druidic religion \"Patriarchal Christianity\". He further argued that the druids had erected the stone circles as part of serpentine monuments symbolising the Trinity. In 1747 he returned to London as rector of St George the Martyr, Holborn. In the last part of his life, he became instrumental in British scholarship's acceptance of Charles Bertram's forged Description of Britain and wrote one of the earliest biographies of his friend, Isaac Newton. Stukeley's ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in addition to artists like William Blake, although these had been largely rejected by archaeologists by the second half of the nineteenth century. He is nevertheless regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He has since become the subject of multiple biographies and academic studies by scholars like Stuart Piggott, David Boyd Haycock and Ronald Hutton."@en . . . . . "\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B9\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30AF\u30EA (William Stukeley FRS, FRCP, FSA, 1687\u5E7411\u67087\u65E5 - 1765\u5E743\u67083\u65E5) \u306F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u533B\u5E2B\u3001\u7267\u5E2B\u3001\u597D\u53E4\u5BB6\u3002\u30B9\u30C8\u30FC\u30F3\u30D8\u30F3\u30B8\u3084\u30A8\u30FC\u30F4\u30D9\u30EA\u30FC\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u5148\u53F2\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u907A\u8DE1\u306E\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u7684\u8ABF\u67FB\u3092\u5148\u99C6\u3051\u305F\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u306E\u907A\u8DE1\u3092\u81EA\u3089\u8A2A\u308C\u8ABF\u3079\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u300C\u304A\u305D\u3089\u304F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u306E\u8A13\u7DF4\u3092\u3057\u305F\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5148\u99C6\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u300D \u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u56FD\u6559\u4F1A\u3067\u306E\u5730\u4F4D\u3092\u30C9\u30EB\u30A4\u30C9\u306E\u8003\u3048\u3078\u306E\u8208\u5473\u3068\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u3001\u30D5\u30EA\u30FC\u30E1\u30A4\u30BD\u30F3\u306B\u3082\u76DB\u3093\u306B\u53C2\u52A0\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA\u30FB\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30E9\u30E0\u306E\u507D\u66F8\u30FBDescription of Britain\u3092\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u8005\u306E\u9593\u306B\u62E1\u6563\u3055\u305B\u3066\u3057\u307E\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30A4\u30B6\u30C3\u30AF\u30FB\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u53CB\u4EBA\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u4F1D\u8A18\u4F5C\u5BB6\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Tied to a view of antiquity that dealt in thousands rather than millions of years, dedicated to a religious struggle he considered fundamental to the survival of society as he knew it, Stukeley's view of the past inevitably eventually became outdated. Yet so confident was he in his standpoint, that even when it came under increasing scrutiny in the final years of his life, he refused to waver."@en . . . . "67646"^^ . . . . . . . . "Haycock"@en . . . . . . . . "2005"^^ . . . . . "William Stukeley"@fr . . . . . . . "2002"^^ . . . . . . "2005"^^ . . . . . "William STUKELEY membro de la Re\u011Da Societo de Londono (7a Novembro 1687 \u2013 3a Marto 1765) estis angla antikva\u0135isto kaj pioniro de arkeologia priser\u0109ado de prahistoriaj monumentoj de Stonehenge kaj Avebury, laboro prr kiu li estis memorita kiel \"probable... la plej grava el la fruaj pioniroj de la fako arkeologio\". Stukeley estis anka\u016D unu el unuaj biografistoj de Isaac Newton, kies amiko li estis. Li estis anka\u016D anglikana pastro."@eo . . . "130"^^ . "William Stukeley FRS FSA (7 November 1687 \u2013 3 March 1765) was an English antiquarian, physician and Anglican clergyman. A significant influence on the later development of archaeology, he pioneered the scholarly investigation of the prehistoric monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury in Wiltshire. He published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime."@en . "75"^^ . . . "129"^^ . "1051"^^ . "76"^^ . "77"^^ . . "124"^^ . . .