. . . "Persistent disruptive editing, which always resumes when protection expires."@en . . . . . . . . . "Philips"@en . . . . "Ilmu sihir secara umum memiliki artis praktik dan kepercayaan dalam kemampuan dan keterampilan sihir yang dimiliki oleh seorang atau kelompok praktisioner. Ilmu sihir adalah istilah luas yang beragam dalam budaya dan masyarakat, dan sehingga dapat berbeda dalam hal pengartiannya, dan asumsi tentang pengartian atau signifikansi istilah tersebut harus diterapkan dengan hati-hati. Ilmu sihir sering kali meliputi peran medis atau ilahi, dan sering kali hadir dalam masyarakat dan kelompok yang meliputi pandangan dunia sihir."@in . "\u010Carod\u011Bjnictv\u00ED neboli \u010Darod\u011Bjstv\u00ED je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro p\u016Fsoben\u00ED zn\u00E1m\u00E9 v mnoha sv\u011Btov\u00FDch kultur\u00E1ch, kter\u00E9 v\u0161ak nem\u00E1 \u017E\u00E1dnou obecn\u011B p\u0159ij\u00EDmanou definici. M\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt ch\u00E1p\u00E1no jako sou\u010D\u00E1st magie, jindy je od n\u00ED odd\u011Blov\u00E1no, jako m\u00E9n\u011B intelektu\u00E1ln\u00ED a v\u00EDce intuitivn\u00ED. Ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B kultur je spojov\u00E1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm s \u017Eenami a tak\u00E9 s p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm zla pomoc\u00ED magie. To vedlo k pron\u00E1sledov\u00E1n\u00ED skute\u010Dn\u00FDch \u010Di domn\u011Bl\u00FDch praktikant\u016F \u010Darod\u011Bjnictv\u00ED, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v ran\u011B novov\u011Bk\u00E9 Evrop\u011B, objevuje se v\u0161ak dodnes, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v zem\u00EDch subsaharsk\u00E9 Afriky."@cs . "\u0412\u0456\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430"@uk . "\uB9C8\uB140"@ko . . . "Strega"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Das Hexentum ist die Bezeichnung f\u00FCr eine Vielzahl von naturspirituellen Br\u00E4uchen, Traditionen und Religionen, meist aus Gro\u00DFbritannien, Zentral- und Osteuropa und Nordamerika. Die Traditionen des Hexentums bestehen, seit es die Menschheit gibt, und schon in der Steinzeit waren gewisse Rituale \u00FCblich, die man heute dem Hexentum zurechnet. Allerdings wurde der Begriff \u201EHexentum\u201C aufgrund der negativen Besetzung des Wortes Hexe und Hexerei durch die Hexenverfolgung erst im 20. Jahrhundert popul\u00E4r."@de . . . . . . . . . "\u0427\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A6\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AF\u30E9\u30D5\u30C8\uFF08\u82F1: witchcraft\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u9B54\u5973\uFF08\u82F1: witch\uFF09\u306E\u9B54\u8853\uFF08\u546A\u8853\uFF09\u3001\u307E\u3058\u306A\u3044\u3001\u5360\u3044\u3001\u30CF\u30FC\u30D6\uFF08\u85AC\u8349\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u306E\u751F\u85AC\u306E\u6280\u8853\u306A\u3069\u3001\u9B54\u5973\u3068\u95A2\u9023\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u308B\u77E5\u8B58\u30FB\u6280\u8853\u30FB\u4FE1\u4EF0\u306E\u96C6\u5408\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u9B54\u5973\u8853\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u304C\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070witch\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u5143\u3005\u4E2D\u4E16\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u75AB\u75C5\u3084\u707D\u5BB3\u306E\u5FCC\u907F\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u571F\u7740\u7684\u306A\u6C11\u4FD7\u6587\u5316\u306B\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30AA\u30A4\u30EB\uFF08\u9999\u6CB9\uFF09\u3084\u30AD\u30E3\u30F3\u30C9\u30EB\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u307E\u3058\u306A\u3044\u306A\u3069\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u30AA\u30AB\u30EB\u30C8\u6587\u5316\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\u307E\u3067\u304C\u3001\u4ECA\u65E5\u306E\u6B27\u7C73\u3067\u30A6\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AF\u30E9\u30D5\u30C8\u306E\u540D\u306E\u4E0B\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Sorginkeria"@eu . . . . . . . . . . "2012"^^ . "Bruixeria"@ca . . "Heks (persoon)"@nl . . . . . "Sor\u0109ado a\u016D sor\u0109ismo estas nocio kiu en la etnologio kaj en la religiscienco signifas la uzon de magiaj potencoj kaj praktikoj por resanigi, vidi en la estontecon, ka\u016Dzi dama\u011Don a\u016D por religio pro tio ke sor\u0109ist(in)o a\u016D \u015Damano deklaras havi kontakton kun supozataj supernaturaj fortoj (demonoj, praulaj spiritoj, naturo kaj aliaj). Sor\u0109oj estas uzataj a\u016D por la protektado de la propra persono, de la komisiinto a\u016D protektoser\u0109anto a\u016D por defendo kontra\u016D malamikaj potencoj, anka\u016D por dama\u011Di al ekkonitaj a\u016D supozitaj malamikoj. Plej ofte temas pri , en kiu simbolaj agoj ka\u016Dzu analogian sukceson en la realo (ekzemple: kion la sor\u0109isto faras je pupo, tio okazu je la intencita viktimo)."@eo . . . . . "Bruja"@es . "Witchcraft"@en . . . . "Brujer\u00EDa"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sor\u0109ado"@eo . . "La stregoneria \u00E8 generalmente considerata un insieme di pratiche magiche e rituali, perlopi\u00F9 a carattere simbolico, tese a influire positivamente o negativamente sulle persone o sulle cose loro appartenenti, alle quali si ricorre spesso con l'aiuto di un essere soprannaturale. In questa accezione il termine \u00E8 diffuso in tutte le culture (siano esse primitive o evolute) ed \u00E8 presente nella storia umana fin dall'antichit\u00E0. Alle diverse valenze negative assunte dalla definizione di stregoneria se ne sono aggiunte altre di carattere positivo, specialmente a partire dagli anni cinquanta del Novecento con lo sviluppo della wicca."@it . . "Als Hexe wird in M\u00E4rchen, Mythen und im Volksglauben eine mit Zauberkr\u00E4ften ausgestattete Frau bezeichnet, die Schadenzauber aus\u00FCben kann. In der europ\u00E4ischen Kultur wurde sie seit dem sp\u00E4ten Mittelalter klassischerweise in einer Verbindung in Form eines Paktes oder einer Buhlschaft mit D\u00E4monen oder dem Teufel gesehen, wobei auch weitere Kriterien (siehe Hexenglaube) hinzugef\u00FCgt wurden. In der Antike tauchen \u201EHexen\u201C als zauberkr\u00E4ftige Menschenfrauen wie Kirke und Medea auf, die mit Magie und Giften angeblich Menschen und Tiere verzaubern konnten. Ovid erz\u00E4hlte in den Fasti von Strigae, anthropomorphen, hexenartigen Frauengestalten, und Horaz erfand die Canidia, eine Hexe, die in dieser Geschichte den allerdings schon bekannten Akt des Infantizids aus\u00FCben will, um einen Liebestrank zu brauen. Zur Zeit der Hexenverfolgung wurde der Begriff Hexe bzw. Hexer vereinzelt als Fremdbezeichnung auf Frauen und M\u00E4nner angewandt, die unter dem Vorwurf der Zauberei (\u201EHexerei\u201C) verfolgt wurden. Sp\u00E4ter setzte er sich, insbesondere in der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des Ph\u00E4nomens \u201EHexenverfolgung\u201C, allgemein durch. Der Begriff wird heute auch als abwertende Bezeichnung bzw. Schimpfwort f\u00FCr eine b\u00F6sartige, z\u00E4nkische, unangenehme oder h\u00E4ssliche weibliche Person genutzt. Zur Anwendung des Begriffs auf M\u00E4nner als \u201EHexer\u201C oder \u201EHexenmeister\u201C siehe auch Hexer. Der Begriff des Hexenglaubens ist doppeldeutig, da er nicht nur die \u00DCberzeugung von der realen und bedrohlichen Existenz der Hexen bezeichnet, wie er im Volksglauben verwurzelt war und sich als Reaktion der Obrigkeit zum Hexenwahn steigern konnte. Daneben kann er gegenw\u00E4rtig die (naturreligi\u00F6sen) \u00DCberzeugungen beschreiben, die sich auf ein vorchristliches Verst\u00E4ndnis berufen und bestimmte Menschen beiderlei Geschlechts, die angeblich \u00FCber besondere F\u00E4higkeiten und Kenntnisse (siehe: Esoterik) verf\u00FCgen, als Hexen bezeichnen."@de . . "2010"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Sorginkeria, sorginekin zerikusia duten siniskeria, ezagutza praktiko eta jarduerak dira. Sorginak nagusiki emakumeekin lotzen diren bitartean, gizonezkoak nagusiki aztiekin lotzen dira, eta beren parekidea Aztikeria litzateke. Antzinarotik sorginkeriari buruzko sinismenak kultur eta herrialde askotan jazo izan dira. Mendebalde kristauan, sorginkeria maiz Deabruaren kultuarekin lotzen da, bereziki Aro Modernoan, eta Europa eta Ingalaterra Berrian piztutako sorgin-ehizari esker. Hainbat ikerketa eta teoriek, sorginkeria paganotasun eta jentiltasunaren ugalkortasunaren kultuarekin lotzen dute, nahiz eta teoria horiek oraindik ere frogatu gabeak egon. Sorginen sinismenak folklore eta kultura ugaritan berebiziko garrantzia dute. Euskal Herrian oraintxurarte baserri eta landa giroko eremuetan oso bizirik zegoen sinismena zen. Historikoki, Zugarramurdiko sorginkeria prozesuarekin lotu ohi da, nahiz eta hura Euskal Herrian nahiz gainontzeko Europa osoan jazotako prozesu ugarietako bat besterik ez izan."@eu . . . . . . "Uma bruxa \u00E9 geralmente retratada no imagin\u00E1rio popular como uma mulher antiquada, com nariz grande e encarquilhada, ex\u00EDmia e contumaz manipuladora de Magia Negra e dotada de uma gargalhada terr\u00EDvel. Na \u00E9poca da Inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o, estrangeiros fora da It\u00E1lia ao ouvirem gritar brucia associaram a palavra com a r\u00E9. \u00C9 ineg\u00E1vel a conex\u00E3o entre esta vis\u00E3o e a vis\u00E3o da Hag ou Crone dos angl\u00F3fonos. \u00C9 tamb\u00E9m muito popularizada a imagem da bruxa como a de uma mulher sentada sobre uma vassoura voadora, ou com a mesma passada por entre as pernas, andando aos saltitos. Alguns autores utilizam o termo, contudo, para designar as mulheres s\u00E1bias detentoras de conhecimentos sobre a natureza e, possivelmente, magia."@pt . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB9C8\uB140 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB9C8\uB140(\u9B54\u5973)\uB294 \uC720\uB7FD\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801 \uBBF8\uC2E0\uC73C\uB85C, \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0\uC801\uC778 \uC545\uB9C8\uC758 \uD798\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774\uB098 \uAC00\uCD95\uB4E4\uC744 \uD574\uD558\uB294 \uC5EC\uC131\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uB85C \uBFB0\uC871\uD55C \uBAA8\uC790\uC640 \uC5B4\uB450\uC6B4 \uC0C9\uC758 \uC637, \uBE57\uC790\uB8E8\uB97C \uD0C0\uACE0 \uD558\uB298\uC744 \uB098\uB294 \uBAA8\uC2B5\uC73C\uB85C \uADF8\uB824\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC2E0\uC744 \uBC30\uBC18\uD558\uACE0 \uC545\uB9C8\uC640 \uAD50\uD1B5\uD558\uC5EC, \uBD88\uAC00\uD574\uD55C \uC8FC\uC220\uC774\uB098 \uC57D\uBB3C\uC744 \uB2E4\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uC5ED\uBCD1 \uB4F1\uC758 \uBD88\uD589\uC744 \uD37C\uD2B8\uB9AC\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB140\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACF5\uD3EC\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC911\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC218 \uC138\uAE30 \uAC04 \uB9C8\uB140\uC0AC\uB0E5\uC774 \uD589\uD574\uC84C\uACE0, \uB9CE\uC740 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9C8\uB140\uB85C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uC5EC \uACE0\uBB38\uD558\uACE0 \uD559\uC0B4\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uB294 \uC758\uB8CC\uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uB2F4\uB2F9\uD558\uAC70\uB098 \uC810\uC744 \uCE58\uACE0 \uBB18\uC57D\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4DC\uB294 \uC8FC\uC220\uC801 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uC218\uD589\uD558\uB358 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC774 \uC788\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uC8FC\uB85C 14\uC138\uAE30 \uD6C4\uBC18\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9C8\uB140\uB85C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uACE0 \uB450\uB824\uC6CC\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uB9C8\uBC95\uC0AC\uC640\uB294 \uC131\uBCC4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC751\uB418\uB294 \uAC1C\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC9C0\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB294\uB370, \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC758 \uB9C8\uB140\uC0AC\uB0E5\uC740 \uC8FC\uB85C \uC5EC\uC131\uC744 \uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC784\uC5D0\uB294, \uB2F9\uC2DC \uAD50\uD68C\uC640 \uC655\uAD8C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBD88\uC2E0\uC774 \uCEE4\uC9C0\uB358 \uC0C1\uD669\uC5D0\uC11C, \uACF5\uACF5\uC758 \uC801\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC744 \uAD50\uD68C \uC544\uB798 \uACB0\uC9D1\uC2DC\uD0A4\uACE0 \uC790\uC2E0\uB4E4\uC758 \uBD80\uD328\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uB208\uC744 \uB3CC\uB9AC\uAC8C \uD558\uB824\uB358 \uBC30\uACBD\uC774 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD2B9\uD788, 15\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC694\uD558\uB124\uC2A4 \uAD6C\uD150\uBCA0\uB974\uD06C\uC758 \uD65C\uC790 \uC778\uC1C4\uC220 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uB85C \uBB38\uC11C\uC758 \uB300\uB7C9 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC774 \uAC00\uB2A5\uD574\uC9C0\uC790 \u300A\uB9C8\uB140 \uC7A1\uB294 \uB9DD\uCE58\u300B \uB4F1 \uB9C8\uB140\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACF5\uD3EC\uB97C \uC720\uBC1C\uD558\uB294 \uC11C\uC801\uC774 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC0AC\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD37C\uC9C0\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uB9C8\uB140\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACF5\uD3EC\uC640 \uC99D\uC624\uC758 \uC815\uC11C\uAC00 \uCEE4\uC838 \uB9C8\uB140\uC0AC\uB0E5\uC740 \uB354\uC6B1 \uAC00\uC18D\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . "Hexe"@de . "Sorci\u00E8re"@fr . . . "La sorcellerie d\u00E9signe \u00E0 proprement parler l'art d'interroger le sort (hasard, destin), et par extension d'en modifier le cours. Le mot d\u00E9signe plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement la pratique d'une certaine forme de magie, dans laquelle le sorcier travaille avec des forces surnaturelles, des entit\u00E9s mal\u00E9fiques ou non, et parfois aussi des forces naturelles connues comme celles des plantes, des cycles lunaires, des ondes, des suggestions. Selon les lieux et les \u00E9poques, la sorcellerie fut consid\u00E9r\u00E9e avec des degr\u00E9s variables de faveur ou d'hostilit\u00E9, parfois avec ambivalence. Dans la Gr\u00E8ce antique et \u00E0 Rome, la divination \u00E9tait une pratique admise, li\u00E9e \u00E0 certains sanctuaires et \u00E0 la prise officielle de d\u00E9cisions. Les religions du livre condamnent toute forme de divination et de magie. La sorcellerie est un terme controvers\u00E9 et son histoire est complexe. Selon le contexte et le milieu culturel dans lequel ce mot est employ\u00E9, il d\u00E9signe des id\u00E9es diff\u00E9rentes, voire oppos\u00E9es. Chaque soci\u00E9t\u00E9 poss\u00E8de ses propres conceptions en mati\u00E8re de tradition, de croyance, de religion, de rites, de rapport \u00E0 l'au-del\u00E0 et \u00E0 la mort et d'esprits bons ou mauvais ; il est parfois impossible de trouver un \u00E9quivalent d'une culture \u00E0 l'autre. Ce terme est \u00E9galement employ\u00E9 de fa\u00E7on p\u00E9jorative en r\u00E9f\u00E9rence \u00E0 la pratique de la magie. La sorcellerie est alors, dans cette acception, l'accusation port\u00E9e \u00E0 l'encontre de ceux qui utilisent des moyens surnaturels pour un usage r\u00E9prouv\u00E9 par une majorit\u00E9 de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9. Les croyances en ce type de praticiens de la magie se sont rencontr\u00E9es dans la plupart des soci\u00E9t\u00E9s humaines. De telles accusations ont parfois men\u00E9 \u00E0 des chasses aux sorci\u00E8res. Dans d'autres soci\u00E9t\u00E9s, les chamans ou les griots \u00E9taient non seulement bien accept\u00E9s en tant que praticiens des rituels traditionnels et d'intercesseurs avec les forces et les \u00E9nergies de l'invisible, mais respect\u00E9s, parfois craints, et souvent plac\u00E9s en positions socialement dominantes. Pour les religions monoth\u00E9istes (principalement le juda\u00EFsme, le christianisme et l'islam), la sorcellerie fut souvent condamn\u00E9e et consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme une h\u00E9r\u00E9sie. La notion de sorcellerie prit une certaine importance pour les chr\u00E9tiens \u00E0 partir des XIVe\u2009\u2013\u2009XVe si\u00E8cles, l'apog\u00E9e des chasses aux sorci\u00E8res ayant eu lieu au XVIIe si\u00E8cle. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque la sorcellerie a progressivement \u00E9t\u00E9 assimil\u00E9e \u00E0 une forme de culte du Diable. Des accusations de sorcellerie ont alors \u00E9t\u00E9 fr\u00E9quemment combin\u00E9es \u00E0 d'autres charges d'h\u00E9r\u00E9sie contre des groupes tels que les Cathares et les Vaudois. Certains groupes anciens ou modernes se sont parfois plus ou moins ouvertement r\u00E9clam\u00E9s d'un culte \u00AB sataniste \u00BB d\u00E9di\u00E9 au mal."@fr . . . . . . . "Als Hexe wird in M\u00E4rchen, Mythen und im Volksglauben eine mit Zauberkr\u00E4ften ausgestattete Frau bezeichnet, die Schadenzauber aus\u00FCben kann. In der europ\u00E4ischen Kultur wurde sie seit dem sp\u00E4ten Mittelalter klassischerweise in einer Verbindung in Form eines Paktes oder einer Buhlschaft mit D\u00E4monen oder dem Teufel gesehen, wobei auch weitere Kriterien (siehe Hexenglaube) hinzugef\u00FCgt wurden. Der Begriff wird heute auch als abwertende Bezeichnung bzw. Schimpfwort f\u00FCr eine b\u00F6sartige, z\u00E4nkische, unangenehme oder h\u00E4ssliche weibliche Person genutzt."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0301\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430, \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u0436\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438."@uk . "Hekserij betreft in het algemeen het uitoefenen of aanroepen van vermeende bovennatuurlijke krachten om mensen of gebeurtenissen te be\u00EFnvloeden. In het Westen legt het volksgeloof de nadruk op het kwaadaardig handelen van de heks. Moderne hekserij, waarbij mensen zichzelf \"heks\" noemen, breekt radicaal met dit stereotiepe beeld en benadrukt positieve aspecten als eenheid met de natuur en de gelijkheid van man en vrouw."@nl . . . . . "Una bruja (en masculino, un brujo) es una persona que practica la brujer\u00EDa. Si bien la imagen t\u00EDpica de un brujo o de una bruja es muy variable en funci\u00F3n de cada cultura, en el acervo popular del mundo occidental la representaci\u00F3n de una bruja se asocia fuertemente hoy en d\u00EDa a la de una mujer con capacidad de volar montada en una escoba, as\u00ED como con el aquelarre (reuni\u00F3n de brujas) y con la caza de brujas (b\u00FAsqueda e identificaci\u00F3n de brujos y brujas). Al brujo algunos lo asocian con el vidente o con el clarividente, otros lo asocian con el cham\u00E1n (quien es un especialista de la comunicaci\u00F3n con las potencias de la naturaleza y con los difuntos), mientras que otros lo asocian con un brujo de tribu m\u00E1s orientado a la curaci\u00F3n de enfermos del cuerpo y del alma, etc. La bruja (en femenino)"@es . . . . . . "Czarostwo"@pl . "La bruixeria \u00E9s, segons els textos religiosos i de culte, el poder mal\u00E8fic i/o m\u00E0gic de produir fets sobrenaturals a trav\u00E9s de la m\u00E0gia, exercida per qui se suposa que t\u00E9 un pacte amb el diable, l'anomenada Bruixa. La bruixeria \u00E9s considerada o b\u00E9 una qualitat innata (a mena de do) o que pot ser adquirida a trav\u00E9s d'un pacte amb el diable."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5973\u5DEB\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u5DEB\u5A46\uFF0C\u662F\u897F\u65B9\u6587\u5316\u4E2D\u4F7F\u7528\u5DEB\u8853\u3001\u9B54\u6CD5\u3001\u5360\u661F\u8853\u4E26\u4EE5\u6B64\u985E\u8D85\u81EA\u7136\u80FD\u529B\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7A31\u547C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5973\u5DEB\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u5DEB\u5A46\uFF0C\u662F\u897F\u65B9\u6587\u5316\u4E2D\u4F7F\u7528\u5DEB\u8853\u3001\u9B54\u6CD5\u3001\u5360\u661F\u8853\u4E26\u4EE5\u6B64\u985E\u8D85\u81EA\u7136\u80FD\u529B\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7A31\u547C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Stregoneria"@it . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0301 (\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0431\u0430, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0435\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0443\u043D \u0437\u0430\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044A\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C\u0438)."@ru . . . . . . "Hekserij betreft in het algemeen het uitoefenen of aanroepen van vermeende bovennatuurlijke krachten om mensen of gebeurtenissen te be\u00EFnvloeden. In het Westen legt het volksgeloof de nadruk op het kwaadaardig handelen van de heks. Moderne hekserij, waarbij mensen zichzelf \"heks\" noemen, breekt radicaal met dit stereotiepe beeld en benadrukt positieve aspecten als eenheid met de natuur en de gelijkheid van man en vrouw."@nl . . . . . . "Bruxa"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Uma bruxa \u00E9 geralmente retratada no imagin\u00E1rio popular como uma mulher antiquada, com nariz grande e encarquilhada, ex\u00EDmia e contumaz manipuladora de Magia Negra e dotada de uma gargalhada terr\u00EDvel. Na \u00E9poca da Inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o, estrangeiros fora da It\u00E1lia ao ouvirem gritar brucia associaram a palavra com a r\u00E9. \u00C9 ineg\u00E1vel a conex\u00E3o entre esta vis\u00E3o e a vis\u00E3o da Hag ou Crone dos angl\u00F3fonos. \u00C9 tamb\u00E9m muito popularizada a imagem da bruxa como a de uma mulher sentada sobre uma vassoura voadora, ou com a mesma passada por entre as pernas, andando aos saltitos. Alguns autores utilizam o termo, contudo, para designar as mulheres s\u00E1bias detentoras de conhecimentos sobre a natureza e, possivelmente, magia. Algumas bruxas que antes adquiriram alguma notoriedade, como \u00E9 o caso das chamadas Bruxas de Sal\u00E9m, a Bruxa de Ev\u00F3ra e Dame Alice Kytler (bruxa inglesa). S\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m bastante populares na literatura de fic\u00E7\u00E3o, como nos livros da popular s\u00E9rie Harry Potter, nos livros de Marion Zimmer Bradley (autora de As Brumas de Avalon, que versam sobre uma vasta comunidade de bruxos e bruxas cuja maioria prefere evitar a magia negra) ou a trilogia sobre as bruxas Mayfair, de Anne Rice. Frequentemente as bruxas s\u00E3o associadas a gatos pretos, que dentre as Bruxas que hoje nos acreditamos s\u00E3o os chamados Puckerel, muitas vezes tidos como esp\u00EDritos guardi\u00F5es da Arte das Bruxas, que habitam o corpo de um animal. Estes costumam ser designados na literatura como Familiares. Diziam que as bruxas voavam em vassouras \u00E0 noite e principalmente em noites de lua cheia, que faziam feiti\u00E7os e transformavam as pessoas em animais e que eram m\u00E1s. Hoje em dia essas antigas supersti\u00E7\u00F5es como a da bruxa velha da vassoura na lua cheia j\u00E1 foram suavizadas, devido \u00E0 maior toler\u00E2ncia entre religi\u00F5es, sincretismo religioso e divulga\u00E7\u00E3o do paganismo. Gerald Gardner tem destaque nesse cen\u00E1rio como o pai da Religi\u00E3o Wicca, a religi\u00E3o da moderna bruxaria pag\u00E3, formada por pessoas que s\u00E3o bruxos/as mas que utilizam a \"Arte dos S\u00E1bios\" ou a \"Antiga Religi\u00E3o\" mesclada a pr\u00E1ticas e conhecimentos de outras tradi\u00E7\u00F5es. A classifica\u00E7\u00E3o de magia como negra e branca n\u00E3o existe para os bruxos, pois se fundamentam nos conceitos de bem e mal, que n\u00E3o fazem parte de suas cren\u00E7as, por isso, como costumam dizer, toda magia \u00E9 cinza. A Arte das Bruxas como era feita antes \u00E9 chamada de Bruxaria Tradicional, ainda remanescendo at\u00E9 os dias atuais em grupos seletos, via de regra ocultos. Hoje tamb\u00E9m pode-se encontrar uma vasta quantidade de livros e sites que explicam a \"Antiga Religi\u00E3o\" mas geralmente se tratam de Wicca, pois os membros de grupos de Bruxaria Tradicional costumam preferir o ostracismo, revelando-se publicamente apenas em ocasi\u00F5es especiais ou para que novos candidatos os localizem."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8(\uC601\uC5B4: witchcraft, witchery)\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801, \uC778\uB958\uD559\uC801, \uC885\uAD50\uC801, \uC2E0\uD654\uC801 \uD658\uACBD\uC5D0\uC11C \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0, \uB9C8\uBC95\uC801\uC778 \uD798\uC758 \uC774\uC6A9\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uC704\uCE58(Witch)\uB294 \uB9C8\uB140\uB97C \uB73B\uD558\uBA70, \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uBC14\uB85C \uB9C8\uB140\uAC00 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uC218\uD589\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uBC95\uACFC \uB3D9\uC77C\uC2DC\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uB294 \uC545\uC758\uC801 \uBAA9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB97C\uD14C\uBA74 \uADFC\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC545\uB9C8\uC758 \uD798\uC744 \uBE4C\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uACFC \uC7AC\uC0B0\uC744 \uAD34\uB86D\uD78C\uB2E4\uB294 \uBBFF\uC74C\uC774 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 20\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \"\uC88B\uACE0\" \"\uB098\uC05C\" \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uAC00 \uC774\uB530\uAE08 \uAD6C\uBCC4\uB418\uB294\uB370 \uC804\uC790\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uCE58\uB8CC\uB97C \uB3D9\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC545\uC758\uC801\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB098 \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0\uC801 \uC2E4\uCCB4\uB97C \uC800\uC8FC\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC758 \uBD88\uC6B4\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uC218\uB2E8 \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uAD00\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB8EC\uB2E4.."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9B54\u5973\uFF08\u307E\u3058\u3087\u3001\u82F1: witch\u3001\u4ECF: sorci\u00E8re\u3001\u30A4\u30BF\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E: strega\u3001\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u8A9E: bruja\u3001\u72EC: Hexe\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u3044\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u4FD7\u4FE1\u3067\u3001\u8D85\u81EA\u7136\u7684\u306A\u529B\u3067\u4EBA\u755C\u306B\u5BB3\u3092\u53CA\u307C\u3059\u3068\u3055\u308C\u305F\u4EBA\u9593\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u5996\u8853\u3092\u884C\u4F7F\u3059\u308B\u8005\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 \u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u4EBA\u985E\u5B66\u3067\u306F\u975E\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u8AF8\u56FD\u306E\u546A\u8853\u306B\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306E\u6982\u5FF5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u9B54\u5973\u3084\u9B54\u6CD5\u306B\u3082\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306B\u901A\u3058\u308B\u9762\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u65E7\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u6D1E\u7A9F\u58C1\u753B\u306B\u306F\u546A\u8853\u5E2B\u306A\u3044\u3057\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u300C\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u89E3\u91C8\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4EBA\u306E\u59FF\u304C\u63CF\u304B\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u546A\u8853\u306F\u6709\u53F2\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u9061\u308B\u4EBA\u9593\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u53E4\u3044\u55B6\u307F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u73FE\u5B58\u3059\u308B\u53F2\u6599\u304B\u3089\u3046\u304B\u304C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u9B54\u5973\u72E9\u308A\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u9B54\u5973\u89B3\u3067\u306F\u3001\u9B54\u5973\u306F\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u5973\u6027\u3067\u3001\u6642\u306B\u306F\u7537\u6027\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u8FD1\u4EE3\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u8A00\u8A9E\u306B\u306F\u300C\u7537\u6027\u306E\u9B54\u6CD5\u4F7F\u3044\u300D\u3092\u6307\u3059\u8A00\u8449\uFF08\u4ECF: sorcier\u3001\u72EC: Hexer, Hexenmeister\uFF09\u3082\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u304C\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u300C\u9B54\u7537\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u65B9\u306F\u666E\u53CA\u3057\u3066\u304A\u3089\u305A\u3001\u7537\u6027\u5F62\u306E sorcier \u306B\u300C\u9B54\u6CD5\u4F7F\u3044\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A33\u8A9E\u3092\u5F53\u3066\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Una bruixa, a vegades anomenada remeiera o fetillera, \u00E9s una dona s\u00E0via amb uns coneixements amplis sobre plantes, els seus usos medicinals i els seus principis actius, i amb la capacitat d'utilitzar aquests sabers per a aconseguir un prop\u00F2sit. La mitologia grecollatina presenta una imatge espec\u00EDfica de la bruixa \u2014en aquest cas, una dona jove\u2014 representada en la parella formada per Circe, la qual va encantar a la tripulaci\u00F3 d'Ulisses i va transformar els seus membres en porcs, i Medea, considerada una gran coneixedora de la m\u00E0gia d'H\u00E8cate."@ca . . "Das Hexentum ist die Bezeichnung f\u00FCr eine Vielzahl von naturspirituellen Br\u00E4uchen, Traditionen und Religionen, meist aus Gro\u00DFbritannien, Zentral- und Osteuropa und Nordamerika. Die Traditionen des Hexentums bestehen, seit es die Menschheit gibt, und schon in der Steinzeit waren gewisse Rituale \u00FCblich, die man heute dem Hexentum zurechnet. Allerdings wurde der Begriff \u201EHexentum\u201C aufgrund der negativen Besetzung des Wortes Hexe und Hexerei durch die Hexenverfolgung erst im 20. Jahrhundert popul\u00E4r. Durch die Aufhebung des im Jahre 1951 wurde es Autoren m\u00F6glich, offen \u00FCber die Traditionen des Hexentums zu schreiben, die vor allem in England schon damals sehr weit verbreitet waren. Das erste Buch, das im 20. Jahrhundert ver\u00F6ffentlicht wurde und \u00FCber das Hexentum in England offen berichtete, erschien 1954 unter dem Titel Witchcraft Today. Schon vor Aufhebung des Verbots erschienen B\u00FCcher, die oft als Fantasyroman getarnt waren, so zum Beispiel das Buch High Magic's Aid im Jahre 1949. Durch die Aufhebung des Verbots konnte offen \u00FCber die regionalen Traditionen gesprochen werden. Autoren wie Gerald Gardner, Doreen Valiente, Raymond Buckland und Scott Cunningham machten das Hexentum und die Religion Wicca, welche die gr\u00F6\u00DFte Untergruppe des Hexentums ist, in Europa, sp\u00E4ter auch im Rest der Welt, popul\u00E4r und sorgten daf\u00FCr, dass das Hexentum zu einer der spirituellen Pfade mit dem meisten Zuwachs an Anh\u00E4ngern wurde. 2001 bezeichneten sich in England so wenig Menschen als Anh\u00E4nger von Hexentum oder Wicca, dass diese nicht einmal in einer Statistik erfasst wurden; 2011 dagegen bezeichneten sich bereits 56.620 Personen als Hexen, 11.766 als Anh\u00E4nger des Wicca. In den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bezeichneten sich 1990 knapp 8.000 Personen als Anh\u00E4nger des Wicca, 2014 waren es bereits 950.000 Personen. F\u00FCr Deutschland, \u00D6sterreich und die Schweiz liegen aktuell keine aussagekr\u00E4ftigen Statistiken vor, einige Hochrechnungen gehen von rund 200.000 Hexen in Deutschland aus, andere Sch\u00E4tzungen von wenigen Tausend."@de . . "La brujer\u00EDa es el conjunto de creencias, conocimientos pr\u00E1cticos y actividades atribuidos a ciertas personas llamadas brujas (existe tambi\u00E9n la forma masculina, brujos, aunque es menos frecuente) que est\u00E1n supuestamente dotadas de ciertas habilidades m\u00E1gicas.\u200B La creencia en la brujer\u00EDa es com\u00FAn en numerosas culturas desde la m\u00E1s remota antig\u00FCedad, y las interpretaciones del fen\u00F3meno var\u00EDan significativamente de una cultura a otra. Algunas teor\u00EDas\u200B relacionan la brujer\u00EDa europea con antiguas religiones paganas de la fertilidad, aunque ninguna de ellas ha podido ser demostrada. Las brujas tienen una gran importancia en el folclore de muchas culturas, y forman parte de la cultura popular. Si bien este es el concepto m\u00E1s frecuente del t\u00E9rmino bruja, desde el siglo XX el t\u00E9rmino ha sido reivindicado por sectas ocultistas y religiones neopaganas, como la wicca, para designar a todas aquellas personas que practican cierto tipo de magia, sea esta mal\u00E9fica (magia negra) o ben\u00E9fica (magia blanca), o bien a los adeptos de una determinada religi\u00F3n. La brujer\u00EDa es considerada una forma de espiritismo. Para el cristianismo, la brujer\u00EDa se ha relacionado frecuentemente con la creencia de un esp\u00EDritu mal\u00E9volo, especialmente durante la Edad Moderna, cuando se desat\u00F3 en Europa una obsesi\u00F3n por la brujer\u00EDa que desemboc\u00F3 en numerosos procesos y ejecuciones de brujas (lo que se denomina \u00ABcaza de brujas\u00BB). Un uso m\u00E1s extenso del t\u00E9rmino se emplea para designar, en determinadas sociedades, a los magos o chamanes."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Magicienne Cet article adopte un point de vue r\u00E9gional ou culturel particulier et n\u00E9cessite une internationalisation (mars 2022). Merci de l'am\u00E9liorer ou d'en discuter sur sa page de discussion ! Vous pouvez pr\u00E9ciser les sections \u00E0 internationaliser en utilisant {{section \u00E0 internationaliser}}. Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient \u00EAtre mieux reli\u00E9es aux sources mentionn\u00E9es dans les sections \u00AB Bibliographie \u00BB, \u00AB Sources \u00BB ou \u00AB Liens externes \u00BB (janvier 2012). Vous pouvez am\u00E9liorer la v\u00E9rifiabilit\u00E9 en associant ces informations \u00E0 des r\u00E9f\u00E9rences \u00E0 l'aide d'appels de notes.(\nPour les articles homonymes, voir Sorci\u00E8re (homonymie). ) Sorci\u00E8re Enluminure repr\u00E9sentant le vol de deux sorci\u00E8res sur un balai et un b\u00E2ton, Martin Le Franc, Le Champion des dames, XVe si\u00E8cle. \u0152uvres principales Une sorci\u00E8re, ou magicienne, est une femme qui pratique la sorcellerie et la magie. Dans le monde occidental, la sorci\u00E8re est longuement associ\u00E9e \u00E0 une symbolique n\u00E9gative, au pouvoir de voler sur un balai, \u00E0 sa fr\u00E9quentation de sabbats, et \u00E0 la chasse aux sorci\u00E8res. Malgr\u00E9 les difficult\u00E9s consistant \u00E0 chiffrer les femmes victimes des chasses aux sorci\u00E8res, les estimations sont de cent dix mille proc\u00E8s en sorcellerie aboutissant \u00E0 soixante mille condamnations \u00E0 mort, depuis la fin du Moyen \u00C2ge jusqu'au d\u00E9but de l'\u00E9poque moderne. Sa figure est r\u00E9habilit\u00E9e durant les ann\u00E9es 1970, via les mouvements f\u00E9ministes. La sorci\u00E8re est un personnage r\u00E9current dans l'imaginaire contemporain, \u00E0 travers les contes, romans, films et masques des f\u00EAtes populaires. Son pendant, le sorcier, ou magicien a une symbolique diff\u00E9rente."@fr . . . . "Wied\u017Ama \u2013 wied\u017Amy to w dawnych wierzeniach istoty p\u00F3\u0142demoniczne (istoty po\u015Brednie mi\u0119dzy demonami a lud\u017Ami), pozostaj\u0105ce w \u015Bcis\u0142ym zwi\u0105zku z lud\u017Ami lub ich duszami. Wed\u0142ug dawnych wierze\u0144 ludowych i w ba\u015Bniach wied\u017Ama to kobieta maj\u0105ca zwi\u0105zek ze z\u0142ymi mocami, czarownica, z\u0142a wr\u00F3\u017Cka. W j\u0119zyku potocznym wied\u017Ama to pogardliwe okre\u015Blenie kobiety z\u0142ej i brzydkiej (tak\u017Ce jako wyzwisko). Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie uwa\u017Ca si\u0119, \u017Ce w przedchrze\u015Bcija\u0144skich spo\u0142eczno\u015Bciach s\u0142owia\u0144skich by\u0142a to kobieta posiadaj\u0105ca wiedz\u0119, zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z zio\u0142olecznictwem, medycyn\u0105 i przyrod\u0105. Wied\u017Ama posiadaj\u0105ca zdolno\u015Bci lub cechy magiczne nazywana by\u0142a ciot\u0105. Pierwotnie, prawdopodobnie a\u017C do po\u0142owy IX wieku na terenach wschodnich s\u0142owia\u0144szczyzny, owo okre\u015Blenie nie by\u0142o pejoratywne. W wyniku ekspansji chrze\u015Bcija\u0144stwa i pi\u0119tnowania rytua\u0142\u00F3w ludowych i poga\u0144skich zwyczaj gromadzenia i przechowywania wiedzy przez osoby w wybranych rodach uleg\u0142 zapomnieniu. Wied\u017Amy oskar\u017Cano o czary, dlatego obecnie wied\u017Ama cz\u0119sto uto\u017Csamiana jest z czarownic\u0105. Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie wci\u0105\u017C mo\u017Cna spotka\u0107 kobiety paraj\u0105ce si\u0119 zielarstwem we wschodniej Polsce, jak r\u00F3wnie\u017C wywodz\u0105ce si\u0119 z tradycji prawos\u0142awnej nazywane szeptunkami, inaczej zamawiaczkami.."@pl . . . . "\u5DEB\u8853\u3001\u5DEB\u672F\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Awitchcraft\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u57FA\u65BC\u806F\u60F3\u548C\u76F8\u4FE1\u7684\u539F\u59CB\u795E\u79D8\u5100\u5F0F\u3002"@zh . . . . "H\u00E4xa"@sv . . . . . "\u5DEB\u8853\u3001\u5DEB\u672F\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Awitchcraft\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u57FA\u65BC\u806F\u60F3\u548C\u76F8\u4FE1\u7684\u539F\u59CB\u795E\u79D8\u5100\u5F0F\u3002"@zh . . . "\u30A6\u30A3\u30C3\u30C1\u30AF\u30E9\u30D5\u30C8"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Magicienne Cet article adopte un point de vue r\u00E9gional ou culturel particulier et n\u00E9cessite une internationalisation (mars 2022). Merci de l'am\u00E9liorer ou d'en discuter sur sa page de discussion ! Vous pouvez pr\u00E9ciser les sections \u00E0 internationaliser en utilisant {{section \u00E0 internationaliser}}. Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient \u00EAtre mieux reli\u00E9es aux sources mentionn\u00E9es dans les sections \u00AB Bibliographie \u00BB, \u00AB Sources \u00BB ou \u00AB Liens externes \u00BB (janvier 2012).(\nPour les articles homonymes, voir Sorci\u00E8re (homonymie). ) \u0152uvres principales"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "\u010Carod\u011Bjnictv\u00ED"@cs . . "Bruixa (dona)"@ca . . . . "Per strega si intende generalmente una persona molto spesso di sesso femminile dedita a pratiche e rituali. \u00ABStrega\u00BB \u00E8 tuttavia anche il nome che gli esponenti della cultura pagana danno a s\u00E9 stessi: questo termine non \u00E8 quindi sempre usato in senso negativo, ma a volte \u00E8 impiegato anche per definire uno studioso di erbologia, cristallomanzia e stregoneria. Figure equivalenti a quella della strega, anticamente anche lamia, sono chiamate fattucchiera, maliarda, incantatrice, e in riferimento all'et\u00E0 avanzata megera e befana."@it . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0301 (\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0431\u0430, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0435\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0443\u043D \u0437\u0430\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044A\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C\u0438)."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Witchcraft traditionally means the use of magic or supernatural powers to harm others. A practitioner is a witch. In medieval and early modern Europe, where the term originated, accused witches were usually women who were believed to have attacked their own community, and often to have communed with evil beings. It was thought witchcraft could be thwarted by protective magic or counter-magic, which could be provided by cunning folk or folk healers. Suspected witches were also intimidated, banished, attacked or killed. Often they would be formally prosecuted and punished, if found guilty or simply believed to be guilty. European witch-hunts and witch trials in the early modern period led to tens of thousands of executions. In some regions, many of those accused of witchcraft were folk healers or midwives. European belief in witchcraft gradually dwindled during and after the Age of Enlightenment. Contemporary cultures that believe in magic and the supernatural often believe in witchcraft. Anthropologists have applied the term \"witchcraft\" to similar beliefs and occult practices described by many non-European cultures, and cultures that have adopted the English language will often call these practices \"witchcraft\", as well. As with the cunning-folk in Europe, Indigenous communities that believe in the existence of witchcraft define witches as the opposite of their healers and medicine people, who are sought out for protection against witches and witchcraft. Modern witch-hunting takes place in parts of Africa and Asia. A theory that witchcraft was a survival of a European pagan religion (the witch-cult hypothesis) gained popularity in the early 20th century, but has been discredited. A newer theory is that the idea of \"witchcraft\" developed to explain strange misfortune, similar to ideas such as the 'evil eye'. In contemporary Western culture, most notably since the growth of Wicca from the 1950s, some modern pagans and adherents of New Age belief systems may self-identify as \"witches\", and use the term \"witchcraft\" for their self-help, healing or divination practices. Others avoid the term due to its negative connotations."@en . . . "Una bruja (en masculino, un brujo) es una persona que practica la brujer\u00EDa. Si bien la imagen t\u00EDpica de un brujo o de una bruja es muy variable en funci\u00F3n de cada cultura, en el acervo popular del mundo occidental la representaci\u00F3n de una bruja se asocia fuertemente hoy en d\u00EDa a la de una mujer con capacidad de volar montada en una escoba, as\u00ED como con el aquelarre (reuni\u00F3n de brujas) y con la caza de brujas (b\u00FAsqueda e identificaci\u00F3n de brujos y brujas). Al brujo algunos lo asocian con el vidente o con el clarividente, otros lo asocian con el cham\u00E1n (quien es un especialista de la comunicaci\u00F3n con las potencias de la naturaleza y con los difuntos), mientras que otros lo asocian con un brujo de tribu m\u00E1s orientado a la curaci\u00F3n de enfermos del cuerpo y del alma, etc. La bruja (en femenino) es un personaje recurrente de la imaginaci\u00F3n contempor\u00E1nea, que perdura y se afirma gracias a los cuentos, las novelas, las pel\u00EDculas, as\u00ED como a trav\u00E9s de ciertas fiestas populares y de sus especiales m\u00E1scaras."@es . . . . . . 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"La sorcellerie d\u00E9signe \u00E0 proprement parler l'art d'interroger le sort (hasard, destin), et par extension d'en modifier le cours. Le mot d\u00E9signe plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement la pratique d'une certaine forme de magie, dans laquelle le sorcier travaille avec des forces surnaturelles, des entit\u00E9s mal\u00E9fiques ou non, et parfois aussi des forces naturelles connues comme celles des plantes, des cycles lunaires, des ondes, des suggestions. Selon les lieux et les \u00E9poques, la sorcellerie fut consid\u00E9r\u00E9e avec des degr\u00E9s variables de faveur ou d'hostilit\u00E9, parfois avec ambivalence. Dans la Gr\u00E8ce antique et \u00E0 Rome, la divination \u00E9tait une pratique admise, li\u00E9e \u00E0 certains sanctuaires et \u00E0 la prise officielle de d\u00E9cisions. Les religions du livre condamnent toute forme de divination et de magie."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Ilmu sihir"@in . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8(\uC601\uC5B4: witchcraft, witchery)\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801, \uC778\uB958\uD559\uC801, \uC885\uAD50\uC801, \uC2E0\uD654\uC801 \uD658\uACBD\uC5D0\uC11C \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0, \uB9C8\uBC95\uC801\uC778 \uD798\uC758 \uC774\uC6A9\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uC704\uCE58(Witch)\uB294 \uB9C8\uB140\uB97C \uB73B\uD558\uBA70, \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uBC14\uB85C \uB9C8\uB140\uAC00 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uC218\uD589\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uBC95\uACFC \uB3D9\uC77C\uC2DC\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uB294 \uC545\uC758\uC801 \uBAA9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB97C\uD14C\uBA74 \uADFC\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC545\uB9C8\uC758 \uD798\uC744 \uBE4C\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uACFC \uC7AC\uC0B0\uC744 \uAD34\uB86D\uD78C\uB2E4\uB294 \uBBFF\uC74C\uC774 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 20\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \"\uC88B\uACE0\" \"\uB098\uC05C\" \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uAC00 \uC774\uB530\uAE08 \uAD6C\uBCC4\uB418\uB294\uB370 \uC804\uC790\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uCE58\uB8CC\uB97C \uB3D9\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC545\uC758\uC801\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB098 \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0\uC801 \uC2E4\uCCB4\uB97C \uC800\uC8FC\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC758 \uBD88\uC6B4\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uC218\uB2E8 \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uAD00\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB8EC\uB2E4.."@ko . . "Ilmu sihir secara umum memiliki artis praktik dan kepercayaan dalam kemampuan dan keterampilan sihir yang dimiliki oleh seorang atau kelompok praktisioner. Ilmu sihir adalah istilah luas yang beragam dalam budaya dan masyarakat, dan sehingga dapat berbeda dalam hal pengartiannya, dan asumsi tentang pengartian atau signifikansi istilah tersebut harus diterapkan dengan hati-hati. Ilmu sihir sering kali meliputi peran medis atau ilahi, dan sering kali hadir dalam masyarakat dan kelompok yang meliputi pandangan dunia sihir."@in . . "En h\u00E4xa \u00E4r en kvinna som tros ha \u00F6vernaturliga, magiska krafter. F\u00F6rekommer i b\u00F6cker och sagor. Magi existerar i varierande grad i olika trossystem runt om i v\u00E4rlden, och olika kulturer har olika definitioner av vad en h\u00E4xa \u00E4r. I det gamla Europa var en h\u00E4xa en person som enligt d\u00E5tida teologi hade f\u00F6rsvurit sig till Satan, och i utbyte fick l\u00E4ra sig magi av honom. I det gamla Europa f\u00F6rekom under tidig modern tid h\u00E4xjakt, d\u00E4r m\u00E4nniskor st\u00E4lldes inf\u00F6r r\u00E4tta anklagade f\u00F6r att vara h\u00E4xor och avr\u00E4ttades i h\u00E4xprocesser."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Witchcraft traditionally means the use of magic or supernatural powers to harm others. A practitioner is a witch. In medieval and early modern Europe, where the term originated, accused witches were usually women who were believed to have attacked their own community, and often to have communed with evil beings. It was thought witchcraft could be thwarted by protective magic or counter-magic, which could be provided by cunning folk or folk healers. Suspected witches were also intimidated, banished, attacked or killed. Often they would be formally prosecuted and punished, if found guilty or simply believed to be guilty. European witch-hunts and witch trials in the early modern period led to tens of thousands of executions. In some regions, many of those accused of witchcraft were folk heale"@en . . "La stregoneria \u00E8 generalmente considerata un insieme di pratiche magiche e rituali, perlopi\u00F9 a carattere simbolico, tese a influire positivamente o negativamente sulle persone o sulle cose loro appartenenti, alle quali si ricorre spesso con l'aiuto di un essere soprannaturale. In questa accezione il termine \u00E8 diffuso in tutte le culture (siano esse primitive o evolute) ed \u00E8 presente nella storia umana fin dall'antichit\u00E0. Alle diverse valenze negative assunte dalla definizione di stregoneria se ne sono aggiunte altre di carattere positivo, specialmente a partire dagli anni cinquanta del Novecento con lo sviluppo della wicca."@it . "\u9B54\u5973\uFF08\u307E\u3058\u3087\u3001\u82F1: witch\u3001\u4ECF: sorci\u00E8re\u3001\u30A4\u30BF\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E: strega\u3001\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u8A9E: bruja\u3001\u72EC: Hexe\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u3044\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u4FD7\u4FE1\u3067\u3001\u8D85\u81EA\u7136\u7684\u306A\u529B\u3067\u4EBA\u755C\u306B\u5BB3\u3092\u53CA\u307C\u3059\u3068\u3055\u308C\u305F\u4EBA\u9593\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u5996\u8853\u3092\u884C\u4F7F\u3059\u308B\u8005\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 \u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u4EBA\u985E\u5B66\u3067\u306F\u975E\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u8AF8\u56FD\u306E\u546A\u8853\u306B\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306E\u6982\u5FF5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u9B54\u5973\u3084\u9B54\u6CD5\u306B\u3082\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306B\u901A\u3058\u308B\u9762\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u65E7\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u6D1E\u7A9F\u58C1\u753B\u306B\u306F\u546A\u8853\u5E2B\u306A\u3044\u3057\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u300C\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u30DE\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u89E3\u91C8\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4EBA\u306E\u59FF\u304C\u63CF\u304B\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u546A\u8853\u306F\u6709\u53F2\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u9061\u308B\u4EBA\u9593\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u53E4\u3044\u55B6\u307F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u73FE\u5B58\u3059\u308B\u53F2\u6599\u304B\u3089\u3046\u304B\u304C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u9B54\u5973\u72E9\u308A\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u9B54\u5973\u89B3\u3067\u306F\u3001\u9B54\u5973\u306F\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u5973\u6027\u3067\u3001\u6642\u306B\u306F\u7537\u6027\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u8FD1\u4EE3\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u8A00\u8A9E\u306B\u306F\u300C\u7537\u6027\u306E\u9B54\u6CD5\u4F7F\u3044\u300D\u3092\u6307\u3059\u8A00\u8449\uFF08\u4ECF: sorcier\u3001\u72EC: Hexer, Hexenmeister\uFF09\u3082\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u304C\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u300C\u9B54\u7537\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u65B9\u306F\u666E\u53CA\u3057\u3066\u304A\u3089\u305A\u3001\u7537\u6027\u5F62\u306E sorcier \u306B\u300C\u9B54\u6CD5\u4F7F\u3044\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A33\u8A9E\u3092\u5F53\u3066\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Sor\u0109istino"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "33959"^^ . . . . "En h\u00E4xa \u00E4r en kvinna som tros ha \u00F6vernaturliga, magiska krafter. F\u00F6rekommer i b\u00F6cker och sagor. Magi existerar i varierande grad i olika trossystem runt om i v\u00E4rlden, och olika kulturer har olika definitioner av vad en h\u00E4xa \u00E4r. I det gamla Europa var en h\u00E4xa en person som enligt d\u00E5tida teologi hade f\u00F6rsvurit sig till Satan, och i utbyte fick l\u00E4ra sig magi av honom. I det gamla Europa f\u00F6rekom under tidig modern tid h\u00E4xjakt, d\u00E4r m\u00E4nniskor st\u00E4lldes inf\u00F6r r\u00E4tta anklagade f\u00F6r att vara h\u00E4xor och avr\u00E4ttades i h\u00E4xprocesser."@sv . . . . . "Os termos bruxaria ou feiti\u00E7aria ou ainda, menos comumente, embruxa\u00E7\u00E3o, bruxa\u00E7\u00E3o, embruxamento, bruxamento, bruxedo etc., t\u00EAm sido de uso corrente da l\u00EDngua portuguesa, designando o uso de poderes de cunho sobrenatural, sendo tamb\u00E9m utilizada como sin\u00F4nimo de magia, feiti\u00E7aria, sortil\u00E9gio ou encanta\u00E7\u00E3o. Conforme proposto pelo historiador norte-americano Jeffrey B. Russell, existem tr\u00EAs pontos de vista principais sobre o que \u00E9 bruxaria: o primeiro ponto de vista \u00E9 o antropol\u00F3gico e demonstra que bruxaria \u00E9 sin\u00F4nimo de magia, curandeirismo, xamanismo; o segundo \u00E9 o hist\u00F3rico, que atrav\u00E9s de documentos escritos analisa os julgamentos de bruxaria durante a inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o; o terceiro \u00E9 o da bruxaria moderna ou hodierna, que defende a bruxaria como uma forma de religi\u00E3o pag\u00E3 (ou neo-pag\u00E3), esse \u00FAltimo sendo um ponto de vista normalmente defendido por wiccanos."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hexentum"@de . . . "Czarostwo \u2013 (lub czary) to praktyka magicznych umiej\u0119tno\u015Bci i zdolno\u015Bci. Czarostwo to szeroki termin, kt\u00F3ry r\u00F3\u017Cni si\u0119 kulturowo i spo\u0142ecznie, a zatem mo\u017Ce by\u0107 trudny do precyzyjnego zdefiniowania, dlatego mi\u0119dzykulturowe za\u0142o\u017Cenia dotycz\u0105ce znaczenia lub rozumienia tego terminu nale\u017Cy stosowa\u0107 bardzo ostro\u017Cnie. Wiara w czary jest cz\u0119sto obecna w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwach i grupach, kt\u00F3rych ramy kulturowe obejmuj\u0105 magiczny \u015Bwiatopogl\u0105d. W okultyzmie sztuka pos\u0142ugiwania si\u0119 podstawami materialnymi dla dokonywania przemian magicznych."@pl . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC704\uCE58\uD06C\uB798\uD504\uD2B8"@ko . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0301\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430 (\u0441\u0442.\u2011\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0432\u0463\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u2014 \u00AB\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C\u00BB \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u0442.\u2011\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0432\u0463\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044C\u00BB; \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0435\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0443\u043D\u044C\u044F, \u0447\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0430) \u2014 \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u044E (\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438; \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437 \u0441 \u0434\u044C\u044F\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044A\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0444\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u044B. \u0412 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430\u00BB \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435."@ru . . . "Sor\u0109ado a\u016D sor\u0109ismo estas nocio kiu en la etnologio kaj en la religiscienco signifas la uzon de magiaj potencoj kaj praktikoj por resanigi, vidi en la estontecon, ka\u016Dzi dama\u011Don a\u016D por religio pro tio ke sor\u0109ist(in)o a\u016D \u015Damano deklaras havi kontakton kun supozataj supernaturaj fortoj (demonoj, praulaj spiritoj, naturo kaj aliaj)."@eo . . "\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0630\u0629"@ar . "\u0412\u0435\u0301\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430 (\u0441\u0442.\u2011\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0432\u0463\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u2014 \u00AB\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C\u00BB \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u0442.\u2011\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0432\u0463\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044C\u00BB; \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0448\u0435\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0443\u043D\u044C\u044F, \u0447\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0430) \u2014 \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u044E (\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438; \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437 \u0441 \u0434\u044C\u044F\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044A\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0444\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u044B. \u0412 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430\u00BB \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sorginkeria, sorginekin zerikusia duten siniskeria, ezagutza praktiko eta jarduerak dira. Sorginak nagusiki emakumeekin lotzen diren bitartean, gizonezkoak nagusiki aztiekin lotzen dira, eta beren parekidea Aztikeria litzateke. Antzinarotik sorginkeriari buruzko sinismenak kultur eta herrialde askotan jazo izan dira. Mendebalde kristauan, sorginkeria maiz Deabruaren kultuarekin lotzen da, bereziki Aro Modernoan, eta Europa eta Ingalaterra Berrian piztutako sorgin-ehizari esker."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sorcellerie"@fr . . . "\u30A6\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AF\u30E9\u30D5\u30C8\uFF08\u82F1: witchcraft\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u9B54\u5973\uFF08\u82F1: witch\uFF09\u306E\u9B54\u8853\uFF08\u546A\u8853\uFF09\u3001\u307E\u3058\u306A\u3044\u3001\u5360\u3044\u3001\u30CF\u30FC\u30D6\uFF08\u85AC\u8349\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u306E\u751F\u85AC\u306E\u6280\u8853\u306A\u3069\u3001\u9B54\u5973\u3068\u95A2\u9023\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u308B\u77E5\u8B58\u30FB\u6280\u8853\u30FB\u4FE1\u4EF0\u306E\u96C6\u5408\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u9B54\u5973\u8853\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u304C\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070witch\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u5143\u3005\u4E2D\u4E16\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u75AB\u75C5\u3084\u707D\u5BB3\u306E\u5FCC\u907F\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u571F\u7740\u7684\u306A\u6C11\u4FD7\u6587\u5316\u306B\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30AA\u30A4\u30EB\uFF08\u9999\u6CB9\uFF09\u3084\u30AD\u30E3\u30F3\u30C9\u30EB\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u307E\u3058\u306A\u3044\u306A\u3069\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u30AA\u30AB\u30EB\u30C8\u6587\u5316\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\u307E\u3067\u304C\u3001\u4ECA\u65E5\u306E\u6B27\u7C73\u3067\u30A6\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AF\u30E9\u30D5\u30C8\u306E\u540D\u306E\u4E0B\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u010Carod\u011Bjnictv\u00ED neboli \u010Darod\u011Bjstv\u00ED je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro p\u016Fsoben\u00ED zn\u00E1m\u00E9 v mnoha sv\u011Btov\u00FDch kultur\u00E1ch, kter\u00E9 v\u0161ak nem\u00E1 \u017E\u00E1dnou obecn\u011B p\u0159ij\u00EDmanou definici. M\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt ch\u00E1p\u00E1no jako sou\u010D\u00E1st magie, jindy je od n\u00ED odd\u011Blov\u00E1no, jako m\u00E9n\u011B intelektu\u00E1ln\u00ED a v\u00EDce intuitivn\u00ED. Ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B kultur je spojov\u00E1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm s \u017Eenami a tak\u00E9 s p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm zla pomoc\u00ED magie. To vedlo k pron\u00E1sledov\u00E1n\u00ED skute\u010Dn\u00FDch \u010Di domn\u011Bl\u00FDch praktikant\u016F \u010Darod\u011Bjnictv\u00ED, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v ran\u011B novov\u011Bk\u00E9 Evrop\u011B, objevuje se v\u0161ak dodnes, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v zem\u00EDch subsaharsk\u00E9 Afriky. K nej\u010Dast\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm schopnostem p\u0159isuzovan\u00FDm \u010Darod\u011Bjnic\u00EDm pat\u0159\u00ED \u0161kod\u00EDc\u00ED magie, jako jsou kletby nebo uhranut\u00ED, milostn\u00E1 magie a v\u011B\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED a nekromancie."@cs . . . . "187564"^^ . . . . "7"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La bruixeria \u00E9s, segons els textos religiosos i de culte, el poder mal\u00E8fic i/o m\u00E0gic de produir fets sobrenaturals a trav\u00E9s de la m\u00E0gia, exercida per qui se suposa que t\u00E9 un pacte amb el diable, l'anomenada Bruixa. La bruixeria \u00E9s considerada o b\u00E9 una qualitat innata (a mena de do) o que pot ser adquirida a trav\u00E9s d'un pacte amb el diable. La bruixeria es considera un culte diab\u00F2lic amb una lit\u00FArgia par\u00F2dica de la cristiana; els seus principals actes eren els infanticidis, el control de la meteorologia, els vols nocturns, les malediccions, la missa negra i les reunions de l'aquelarre o del s\u00E0bat. El s\u00E0bat era un fest\u00ED que se celebrava, com el nom indica, els dissabtes al vespre. En aquestes celebracions no hi faltava el menjar, la m\u00FAsica i el que s'anomenava el bacium sub cauda (pet\u00F3 sota la cua) que feien les bruixes al diable. Aquest es diu que era encarnat per un boc (mascle de la cabra) i aquest mantenia relacions amb les bruixes assistents a l'aquelarre. Algunes teories associen la bruixeria europea amb antigues religions paganes de la fertilitat, encara que cap d'aquestes ha pogut ser demostrada. Per la seva relaci\u00F3 amb el culte pag\u00E0 funerari, la bruixa ha estat associada amb els meg\u00E0lits.Les bruixes tenen una gran import\u00E0ncia en el folklore de moltes cultures, i s\u00F3n part de la cultura popular. Si b\u00E9 aquest \u00E9s el concepte m\u00E9s freq\u00FCent del terme bruixa, del segle xx en\u00E7\u00E0 el terme ha estat reivindicat per sectes ocultistes i religions neopaganes, com la Wicca. La bruixeria \u00E9s considerada una forma d'espiritisme.Un \u00FAs m\u00E9s detallat del terme s'empra per designar, en determinades societats, els mags o xamans."@ca . . . "Os termos bruxaria ou feiti\u00E7aria ou ainda, menos comumente, embruxa\u00E7\u00E3o, bruxa\u00E7\u00E3o, embruxamento, bruxamento, bruxedo etc., t\u00EAm sido de uso corrente da l\u00EDngua portuguesa, designando o uso de poderes de cunho sobrenatural, sendo tamb\u00E9m utilizada como sin\u00F4nimo de magia, feiti\u00E7aria, sortil\u00E9gio ou encanta\u00E7\u00E3o. Conforme proposto pelo historiador norte-americano Jeffrey B. Russell, existem tr\u00EAs pontos de vista principais sobre o que \u00E9 bruxaria: o primeiro ponto de vista \u00E9 o antropol\u00F3gico e demonstra que bruxaria \u00E9 sin\u00F4nimo de magia, curandeirismo, xamanismo; o segundo \u00E9 o hist\u00F3rico, que atrav\u00E9s de documentos escritos analisa os julgamentos de bruxaria durante a inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o; o terceiro \u00E9 o da bruxaria moderna ou hodierna, que defende a bruxaria como uma forma de religi\u00E3o pag\u00E3 (ou neo-pag\u00E3), esse \u00FAlti"@pt . . . . . . . . "Hekserij"@nl . . "Wied\u017Ama \u2013 wied\u017Amy to w dawnych wierzeniach istoty p\u00F3\u0142demoniczne (istoty po\u015Brednie mi\u0119dzy demonami a lud\u017Ami), pozostaj\u0105ce w \u015Bcis\u0142ym zwi\u0105zku z lud\u017Ami lub ich duszami. Wed\u0142ug dawnych wierze\u0144 ludowych i w ba\u015Bniach wied\u017Ama to kobieta maj\u0105ca zwi\u0105zek ze z\u0142ymi mocami, czarownica, z\u0142a wr\u00F3\u017Cka. W j\u0119zyku potocznym wied\u017Ama to pogardliwe okre\u015Blenie kobiety z\u0142ej i brzydkiej (tak\u017Ce jako wyzwisko). Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie wci\u0105\u017C mo\u017Cna spotka\u0107 kobiety paraj\u0105ce si\u0119 zielarstwem we wschodniej Polsce, jak r\u00F3wnie\u017C wywodz\u0105ce si\u0119 z tradycji prawos\u0142awnej nazywane szeptunkami, inaczej zamawiaczkami.."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Wied\u017Ama"@pl . . . . . . . . "La brujer\u00EDa es el conjunto de creencias, conocimientos pr\u00E1cticos y actividades atribuidos a ciertas personas llamadas brujas (existe tambi\u00E9n la forma masculina, brujos, aunque es menos frecuente) que est\u00E1n supuestamente dotadas de ciertas habilidades m\u00E1gicas.\u200B Para el cristianismo, la brujer\u00EDa se ha relacionado frecuentemente con la creencia de un esp\u00EDritu mal\u00E9volo, especialmente durante la Edad Moderna, cuando se desat\u00F3 en Europa una obsesi\u00F3n por la brujer\u00EDa que desemboc\u00F3 en numerosos procesos y ejecuciones de brujas (lo que se denomina \u00ABcaza de brujas\u00BB)."@es . . . . . . . "\u5973\u5DEB (\u897F\u65B9)"@zh . . . . "Sor\u0109istino kaj sor\u0109isto estas eksperimentulo de sor\u0109arto, ofte kunligata kun paganaj kredoj, viglaj anta\u016D la alveno de kristanismo. Oni nuntempe kutimas tiel nomi nuntempe sekvantojn de novpaganismo kaj viko. La kontra\u016Dsor\u0109a eklezio faris konfuzon inter sor\u0109arto kaj satanismo \u0109ar amba\u016D estis nekristanaj kaj disvastigis la ideon ke sorcist(in)oj estas nur malbonaj magiistoj. Tiu vidpunkto multe influis la nuntempan popolan kredon, la\u016D kiu sor\u0109ist(in)oj estas pliofte malbonuloj. Dum la epoko de sor\u0109istinpersekutoj la nomo sor\u0109istino estis uzata por virinoj, kiuj malproksimi\u011Dis de la kristana religio. Neniu mem nomis sin tiel sen influo de perforto."@eo . . "Bruxaria"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124805948"^^ . . "Czarostwo \u2013 (lub czary) to praktyka magicznych umiej\u0119tno\u015Bci i zdolno\u015Bci. Czarostwo to szeroki termin, kt\u00F3ry r\u00F3\u017Cni si\u0119 kulturowo i spo\u0142ecznie, a zatem mo\u017Ce by\u0107 trudny do precyzyjnego zdefiniowania, dlatego mi\u0119dzykulturowe za\u0142o\u017Cenia dotycz\u0105ce znaczenia lub rozumienia tego terminu nale\u017Cy stosowa\u0107 bardzo ostro\u017Cnie. Historycznie i obecnie w wi\u0119kszo\u015Bci tradycyjnych kultur na ca\u0142ym \u015Bwiecie - zw\u0142aszcza w Afryce, afryka\u0144skiej diasporze i spo\u0142eczno\u015Bciach tubylczych - termin ten jest powszechnie kojarzony z tymi, kt\u00F3rzy u\u017Cywaj\u0105 \u015Brodk\u00F3w metafizycznych, by wyrz\u0105dzi\u0107 krzywd\u0119 niewinnym. W epoce nowo\u017Cytnej, g\u0142\u00F3wnie w zachodniej kulturze popularnej, s\u0142owo to mo\u017Ce cz\u0119\u015Bciej odnosi\u0107 si\u0119 do \u0142agodnych, pozytywnych lub neutralnych praktyk wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnego poga\u0144stwa, takich jak wr\u00F3\u017Cbiarstwo lub zakl\u0119cia. Wiara w czary jest cz\u0119sto obecna w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwach i grupach, kt\u00F3rych ramy kulturowe obejmuj\u0105 magiczny \u015Bwiatopogl\u0105d. W okultyzmie sztuka pos\u0142ugiwania si\u0119 podstawami materialnymi dla dokonywania przemian magicznych."@pl . . . . "69"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5DEB\u8853"@zh . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0301\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0430, \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u0436\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438."@uk . . "Sor\u0109istino kaj sor\u0109isto estas eksperimentulo de sor\u0109arto, ofte kunligata kun paganaj kredoj, viglaj anta\u016D la alveno de kristanismo. Oni nuntempe kutimas tiel nomi nuntempe sekvantojn de novpaganismo kaj viko."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB9C8\uB140 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB9C8\uB140(\u9B54\u5973)\uB294 \uC720\uB7FD\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801 \uBBF8\uC2E0\uC73C\uB85C, \uCD08\uC790\uC5F0\uC801\uC778 \uC545\uB9C8\uC758 \uD798\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774\uB098 \uAC00\uCD95\uB4E4\uC744 \uD574\uD558\uB294 \uC5EC\uC131\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uB85C \uBFB0\uC871\uD55C \uBAA8\uC790\uC640 \uC5B4\uB450\uC6B4 \uC0C9\uC758 \uC637, \uBE57\uC790\uB8E8\uB97C \uD0C0\uACE0 \uD558\uB298\uC744 \uB098\uB294 \uBAA8\uC2B5\uC73C\uB85C \uADF8\uB824\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC2E0\uC744 \uBC30\uBC18\uD558\uACE0 \uC545\uB9C8\uC640 \uAD50\uD1B5\uD558\uC5EC, \uBD88\uAC00\uD574\uD55C \uC8FC\uC220\uC774\uB098 \uC57D\uBB3C\uC744 \uB2E4\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uC5ED\uBCD1 \uB4F1\uC758 \uBD88\uD589\uC744 \uD37C\uD2B8\uB9AC\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB140\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACF5\uD3EC\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC911\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC218 \uC138\uAE30 \uAC04 \uB9C8\uB140\uC0AC\uB0E5\uC774 \uD589\uD574\uC84C\uACE0, \uB9CE\uC740 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9C8\uB140\uB85C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uC5EC \uACE0\uBB38\uD558\uACE0 \uD559\uC0B4\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uB294 \uC758\uB8CC\uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uB2F4\uB2F9\uD558\uAC70\uB098 \uC810\uC744 \uCE58\uACE0 \uBB18\uC57D\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4DC\uB294 \uC8FC\uC220\uC801 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uC218\uD589\uD558\uB358 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC774 \uC788\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uC8FC\uB85C 14\uC138\uAE30 \uD6C4\uBC18\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9C8\uB140\uB85C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uACE0 \uB450\uB824\uC6CC\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uB9C8\uBC95\uC0AC\uC640\uB294 \uC131\uBCC4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC751\uB418\uB294 \uAC1C\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC9C0\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB294\uB370, \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC758 \uB9C8\uB140\uC0AC\uB0E5\uC740 \uC8FC\uB85C \uC5EC\uC131\uC744 \uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . "Howard"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Per strega si intende generalmente una persona molto spesso di sesso femminile dedita a pratiche e rituali. \u00ABStrega\u00BB \u00E8 tuttavia anche il nome che gli esponenti della cultura pagana danno a s\u00E9 stessi: questo termine non \u00E8 quindi sempre usato in senso negativo, ma a volte \u00E8 impiegato anche per definire uno studioso di erbologia, cristallomanzia e stregoneria. Secondo le credenze diffuse in varie culture, le streghe sarebbero state dedite alla pratica della magia, soprattutto popolare, e dotate di poteri occulti che sarebbero derivati loro dall'essere in contatto col maligno o comunque con entit\u00E0 soprannaturali. Queste donne (perch\u00E9 si \u00E8 trattato per lo pi\u00F9 di donne) avrebbero usato tali poteri quasi esclusivamente per nuocere alle persone e alle cose e talvolta per opporsi all'intera societ\u00E0 umana. Per alcuni secoli molte persone sono state oggetto di persecuzione da parte della Chiesa quando in loro venivano individuate le caratteristiche attribuite alle streghe. La stessa idea dell'esistenza delle streghe fu messa in discussione, nella met\u00E0 del XVIII secolo, dallo studioso trentino Girolamo Tartarotti, che giudic\u00F2 infondate le teorie sulla stregoneria, e frutto di superstizione piuttosto che di logica, di indagine scientifica ed ortodossia cattolica. Figure equivalenti a quella della strega, anticamente anche lamia, sono chiamate fattucchiera, maliarda, incantatrice, e in riferimento all'et\u00E0 avanzata megera e befana."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Una bruixa, a vegades anomenada remeiera o fetillera, \u00E9s una dona s\u00E0via amb uns coneixements amplis sobre plantes, els seus usos medicinals i els seus principis actius, i amb la capacitat d'utilitzar aquests sabers per a aconseguir un prop\u00F2sit. L'arquetip tradicional de la bruixa, per\u00F2, sovint descriu una persona d'aspecte envellit, encara que tamb\u00E9 pot tenir un aspecte jove, que realitzaria encanteris i pocions per aconseguir els seus objectius, majorit\u00E0riament d'intenci\u00F3 maligna. Hist\u00F2ricament, en un passat on el cristianisme fou un basti\u00F3 fonamental, la societat no es podia permetre cap tipus de comportament que trenqu\u00E9s l'ordre establert. Per aquest motiu, la bruixa era perseguida. Tot plegat, va dur a la poblaci\u00F3 a una hist\u00E8ria col\u00B7lectiva que va acabar desembocant en les anomenades caceres de bruixes. Val a dir que, molt sovint, les v\u00EDctimes de la cacera de bruixes eren dones grans, que vivien soles (solteres o v\u00EDdues) i d\u2019estrats socials humils. La mitologia grecollatina presenta una imatge espec\u00EDfica de la bruixa \u2014en aquest cas, una dona jove\u2014 representada en la parella formada per Circe, la qual va encantar a la tripulaci\u00F3 d'Ulisses i va transformar els seus membres en porcs, i Medea, considerada una gran coneixedora de la m\u00E0gia d'H\u00E8cate."@ca . . . . . . . . . . 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