. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . "Protestos no Iraque em 2012\u20132013"@pt . "38638582"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The 2012\u20132013 Iraqi protests started on 21 December 2012 following a raid on the home of Sunni Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi and the arrest of 10 of his bodyguards. Beginning in Fallujah, the protests afterwards spread throughout Sunni Arab parts of Iraq. The protests centered on the issue of the alleged sectarianism of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Pro-Maliki protests also took place throughout central and southern Iraq, where there is a Shia Arab majority. In April 2013, sectarian violence escalated after the 2013 Hawija clashes. The protests continued throughout 2013, and in December Maliki used security forces to forcefully close down the main protest camp in Ramadi, killing hundreds of civilian protesters in the process. Sunni groups, such as the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order, took up arms in response, and joined forces with the General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries (GMCIR), a militant group made up of former Ba'athists, to conduct a military campaign against the Iraqi government. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) would later grow out of this civil conflict, escalating into a full-scale war."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "*Usama al-Nujayfi"@en . . . . . . . . . "*Sheikh Ahmed Abu Risha"@en . "200"^^ . . . . . . . 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"Os Protestos no Iraque em 2012\u20132013 come\u00E7aram em 21 de dezembro de 2012, ap\u00F3s uma incurs\u00E3o na casa do ministro das Finan\u00E7as Rafi al-Issawi, um pol\u00EDtico sunita, e a pris\u00E3o de dez de seus guarda-costas. Come\u00E7ando em Fallujah, os protestos depois se espalharam pelas partes \u00E1rabes sunitas do Iraque. Os protestos centraram-se na quest\u00E3o do alegado sectarismo do primeiro-ministro Nouri al-Maliki. Protestos pr\u00F3-Maliki tamb\u00E9m ocorreram no centro e no sul do Iraque, onde h\u00E1 uma maioria \u00E1rabe xiita. Em abril de 2013, a viol\u00EAncia sect\u00E1ria aumentou ap\u00F3s os . Os protestos agressivos continuariam ao longo de 2013 e, em dezembro, Maliki usou as for\u00E7as de seguran\u00E7a para encerrar com firmeza as atividades do principal campo de protesto em Ramadi. Grupos sunitas, como o Ex\u00E9rcito dos Homens da Ordem de Naqshbandi, pegaram em armas em resposta, e uniram for\u00E7as com o Conselho Militar Geral dos Revolucion\u00E1rios Iraquianos, um grupo militante formado por antigos baathistas, para conduzir contra o governo iraquiano. O Estado Isl\u00E2mico do Iraque e do Levante viria a crescer depois desse conflito civil."@pt . . . . . "De protesten in Irak kwamen er in de nasleep van de Tunesische en Egyptische revolutie. Ze hebben geleid tot minstens 45 doden, waaronder minstens negenentwintig op 25 februari 2011, die de naam \"Dag van Woede\" kreeg. In maart 2011 waren er verschillende protesten tegen de Saoedi-geleide interventie in Bahrein. Protesten vonden ook plaats in Iraaks Koerdistan, een autonome Koerdische regio in het noorden van Irak. Dat duurde 62 dagen.Op 21 december 2012 begonnen de protesten opnieuw. Dit kwam na een overval op het huis van de soennitische minister van Financi\u00EBn en de arrestatie van tien van zijn lijfwachten. Sindsdien spelen de protesten zich over de hele soennitische delen van Irak af. Ze krijgen zelfs steun van niet-soennitische Iraakse politici, zoals Muqtada al-Sadr. Pro-Maliki protesten hebben in heel het zuiden van Irak ook plaatsgevonden, waar sprake is van een sjiitische Arabische meerderheid. In april 2013 escaleerde het geweld, na aanvaringen in de stad Hawija."@nl . . . . "the Arab Spring and the Iraqi insurgency (2011\u20132013)"@en . . . "The 2012\u20132013 Iraqi protests started on 21 December 2012 following a raid on the home of Sunni Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi and the arrest of 10 of his bodyguards. Beginning in Fallujah, the protests afterwards spread throughout Sunni Arab parts of Iraq. The protests centered on the issue of the alleged sectarianism of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Pro-Maliki protests also took place throughout central and southern Iraq, where there is a Shia Arab majority. In April 2013, sectarian violence escalated after the 2013 Hawija clashes. The protests continued throughout 2013, and in December Maliki used security forces to forcefully close down the main protest camp in Ramadi, killing hundreds of civilian protesters in the process. Sunni groups, such as the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi "@en . . . "*Ahmed al-Alwani"@en . . . . . . "Sunni opposition groups\n* Sunni protesters\n* Army of Pride and Dignity\n* Free Iraq Intifada\n* Popular Movement in Iraq\n* Sunni Islamists\n* Anti-Government Tribes"@en . . . . "Protesten in Irak"@nl . . . . . . . . "42413"^^ . . . . . "Jalal Talabani"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Iraqi Government\n* State of Law Coalition\n* Iraqi Armed Forces\n* Iraqi police\n* Pro-Government Tribes"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "* Demonstrations\n* Strike actions"@en . . "2012"^^ . . . . . . . "2012-12-21"^^ . . . "* Two-thirds wage increase for Sahwa militia members\n* Release of 3,000 prisoners, including 600 female prisoners\n*Crackdown by Security Forces results in renewed violence in Anbar\n*Beginning of the War in Iraq (2013\u20132017)"@en . . . . . . . . . "* Corruption\n* Unemployment\n* Poor national security\n* Poor public services\n* Alleged marginalization of a Sunni minority; who previously held ultimate power\n* Unfair treatment of prisoners\n* Poor salaries of Sahwa militia\n* Alleged abuse of De-Ba'athification laws\n* Alleged Iranian interference in Iraqi affairs"@en . ""@en . . "1106997022"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Nouri al-Maliki"@en . . "*Sheikh Ali Hatem al-Suleiman"@en . "De protesten in Irak kwamen er in de nasleep van de Tunesische en Egyptische revolutie. Ze hebben geleid tot minstens 45 doden, waaronder minstens negenentwintig op 25 februari 2011, die de naam \"Dag van Woede\" kreeg."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 2013"@ar . "Os Protestos no Iraque em 2012\u20132013 come\u00E7aram em 21 de dezembro de 2012, ap\u00F3s uma incurs\u00E3o na casa do ministro das Finan\u00E7as Rafi al-Issawi, um pol\u00EDtico sunita, e a pris\u00E3o de dez de seus guarda-costas. Come\u00E7ando em Fallujah, os protestos depois se espalharam pelas partes \u00E1rabes sunitas do Iraque. Os protestos centraram-se na quest\u00E3o do alegado sectarismo do primeiro-ministro Nouri al-Maliki. Protestos pr\u00F3-Maliki tamb\u00E9m ocorreram no centro e no sul do Iraque, onde h\u00E1 uma maioria \u00E1rabe xiita. Em abril de 2013, a viol\u00EAncia sect\u00E1ria aumentou ap\u00F3s os . Os protestos agressivos continuariam ao longo de 2013 e, em dezembro, Maliki usou as for\u00E7as de seguran\u00E7a para encerrar com firmeza as atividades do principal campo de protesto em Ramadi. Grupos sunitas, como o Ex\u00E9rcito dos Homens da Ordem de Naqsh"@pt . . "Decentralized leadership\n*Rafi al-Issawi"@en . "2012\u20132013 Iraqi protests"@en . "*Sheik Abdul Malik Al-Saadi"@en .