. "Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.jpg"@en . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"@en . . . . . . . . . "105"^^ . "100"^^ . "right"@en . . "90191"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Photos of Henri Poincar\u00E9 and Hendrik Lorentz. Whittaker gave them credit for the development of the special theory of relativity, though the claim is highly contested."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "65293114"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "19511"^^ . . . . . . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity \u00E9 um dos tr\u00EAs livros escritos pelo matem\u00E1tico brit\u00E2nico Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker sobre a hist\u00F3ria da teoria eletromagn\u00E9tica, cobrindo o desenvolvimento do eletromagnetismo cl\u00E1ssico, \u00F3tica e teorias do \u00E9ter. A primeira edi\u00E7\u00E3o do livro, com o subt\u00EDtulo from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, foi publicada em 1910 por Longmans, Green. O livro cobre a hist\u00F3ria das teorias do \u00E9ter e o desenvolvimento da teoria eletromagn\u00E9tica at\u00E9 o s\u00E9culo XX. Uma segunda edi\u00E7\u00E3o, ampliada e revisada, composta por dois volumes, foi lan\u00E7ada no in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1950 por Thomas Nelson, expandindo o escopo do livro para incluir o primeiro quartel do s\u00E9culo XX. O primeiro volume, com o subt\u00EDtulo The Classical Theories, foi publicado em"@pt . . . . . . . . "Longmans, Green"@en . . . . . "3192"^^ . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"@en . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"@en . . . . . . . . . "19532"^^ . . . . "1122809821"^^ . . . . "Thomas Nelson"@en . . "319"^^ . . . "1910"^^ . ""@en . . . . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity is any of three books written by British mathematician Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker FRS FRSE on the history of electromagnetic theory, covering the development of classical electromagnetism, optics, and aether theories. The book's first edition, subtitled from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, was published in 1910 by Longmans, Green. The book covers the history of aether theories and the development of electromagnetic theory up to the 20th century. A second, extended and revised, edition consisting of two volumes was released in the early 1950s by Thomas Nelson, expanding the book's scope to include the first quarter of the 20th century. The first volume, subtitled The Classical Theories, was published in 1951 a"@en . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity \u00E9 um dos tr\u00EAs livros escritos pelo matem\u00E1tico brit\u00E2nico Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker sobre a hist\u00F3ria da teoria eletromagn\u00E9tica, cobrindo o desenvolvimento do eletromagnetismo cl\u00E1ssico, \u00F3tica e teorias do \u00E9ter. A primeira edi\u00E7\u00E3o do livro, com o subt\u00EDtulo from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, foi publicada em 1910 por Longmans, Green. O livro cobre a hist\u00F3ria das teorias do \u00E9ter e o desenvolvimento da teoria eletromagn\u00E9tica at\u00E9 o s\u00E9culo XX. Uma segunda edi\u00E7\u00E3o, ampliada e revisada, composta por dois volumes, foi lan\u00E7ada no in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1950 por Thomas Nelson, expandindo o escopo do livro para incluir o primeiro quartel do s\u00E9culo XX. O primeiro volume, com o subt\u00EDtulo The Classical Theories, foi publicado em 1951 e serviu como uma edi\u00E7\u00E3o revisada e atualizada do primeiro livro. O segundo volume, intitulado The Modern Theories (1900\u20131926), foi publicado dois anos depois em 1953, estendendo este trabalho cobrindo os anos de 1900 a 1926. N\u00E3o obstante uma not\u00F3ria controv\u00E9rsia sobre as opini\u00F5es de Whitaker sobre a hist\u00F3ria da relatividade especial, cobertos no volume dois da segunda edi\u00E7\u00E3o, os livros s\u00E3o considerados refer\u00EAncias autorizadas na hist\u00F3ria da eletricidade e do magnetismo, bem como cl\u00E1ssicos da hist\u00F3ria da f\u00EDsica. O livro original foi bem recebido, mas ficou esgotado no in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1920. Whittaker acreditava que uma nova edi\u00E7\u00E3o deveria incluir os desenvolvimentos da f\u00EDsica ocorridos na virada do s\u00E9culo XX e recusou-se a reimprimi-la. Ele escreveu a segunda edi\u00E7\u00E3o do livro ap\u00F3s sua aposentadoria e publicou The Classical Theories em 1951, que tamb\u00E9m recebeu elogios da cr\u00EDtica. No segundo volume de 1953, The Modern Theories (1900-1926), Whittaker argumentou que Henri Poincar\u00E9 e Hendrik Lorentz desenvolveram a teoria da relatividade especial antes de Albert Einstein, uma afirma\u00E7\u00E3o que foi rejeitada pela maioria dos historiadores da ci\u00EAncia. Embora as cr\u00EDticas gerais do livro tenham sido geralmente positivas, devido ao seu papel nessa disputa de prioridade da relatividade, ele recebe muito menos cita\u00E7\u00F5es do que os outros volumes, fora as refer\u00EAncias \u00E0 controv\u00E9rsia."@pt . . . . "475"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "434"^^ . . "Young Poincare.jpg"@en . . ""@en . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u064F\u062A\u0628\u062A \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u062F\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u062A\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u063A\u0637\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631. \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064A 1910 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u063A\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062A\u062F \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062D\u060C \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0646\u064F\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A 1950 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u061B \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u061B \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064A 1951\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062D \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 1900 - 1926\u061B \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0633\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A 1953. \u062A\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 1900 - 1926\u061B \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u063A\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u062A\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062C\u0639\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621. \u0637\u064F\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062F \u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 1920. \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u064A\u0646\u0628\u063A\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062E\u0630\u062A \u062D\u064A\u0632\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A 1951. \u0641\u064A 1953 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 1900-1926; \u062E\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u062C\u062F\u0627\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064A \u0628\u0648\u064A\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0623\u064A\u0646\u0634\u062A\u0627\u064A\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u062F\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062E\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0631 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "English"@en . . . . . "Thomas Nelson(2nd ed.)" . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"@pt . ""@en . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hendrik Lorentz in 1016"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "4341"^^ . . . "Longmans, Green(1st ed.)" . . . . . "Title page of the first edition of the book, published in 1910"@en . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity is any of three books written by British mathematician Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker FRS FRSE on the history of electromagnetic theory, covering the development of classical electromagnetism, optics, and aether theories. The book's first edition, subtitled from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, was published in 1910 by Longmans, Green. The book covers the history of aether theories and the development of electromagnetic theory up to the 20th century. A second, extended and revised, edition consisting of two volumes was released in the early 1950s by Thomas Nelson, expanding the book's scope to include the first quarter of the 20th century. The first volume, subtitled The Classical Theories, was published in 1951 and served as a revised and updated edition to the first book. The second volume, subtitled The Modern Theories (1900\u20131926), was published two years later in 1953, extended this work covering the years 1900 to 1926. Notwithstanding a notorious controversy on Whittaker's views on the history of special relativity, covered in volume two of the second edition, the books are considered authoritative references on the history of electricity and magnetism as well as classics in the history of physics. The original book was well-received, but it ran out of print by the early 1920s. Whittaker believed that a new edition should include the developments in physics that took part at the turn of the twentieth century and declined to have it reprinted. He wrote the second edition of the book after his retirement and published The Classical Theories in 1951, which also received critical acclaim. In the 1953 second volume, The Modern Theories (1900\u20131926), Whittaker argued that Henri Poincar\u00E9 and Hendrik Lorentz developed the theory of special relativity before Albert Einstein, a claim that has been rejected by most historians of science. Though overall reviews of the book were generally positive, due to its role in this relativity priority dispute, it receives far fewer citations than the other volumes, outside of references to the controversy."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Henri Poincare in 1887"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"@en . . . . . . . "475"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u064F\u062A\u0628\u062A \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u062F\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u062A\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u063A\u0637\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "Non-fiction"@en . . . . . . .