"1124565945"^^ . "Aktualismus (auch: Aktualit\u00E4tstheorie) ist in der Philosophie ein mehrdeutiger Ausdruck, der verschiedene Lehren der Betonung des Aktes (der T\u00E4tigkeit, des Wirkens, des Prozesses, der Evolution, des Werdens etc.) unter Hintanstellung, Relativierung oder Leugnung der Existenz oder Wirkmacht \u201Eunver\u00E4nderlicher idealer Formen\u201C (Tr\u00E4ger, Substanzen) bezeichnet. Aktualismus bezeichnet in der Philosophie u. a. metaphysische, bewusstseinstheoretische, anthropologische und modallogische Positionen, sowie einen \"Idealismus der Tat\"."@de . "Attualismo"@it . . . . . . . . "La teoria dell'attualit\u00E0, o attualismo, \u00E8 un principio comune a vari ambiti che considera reale tutto ci\u00F2 che esiste attualmente, nel fluire presente del tempo, negando o relativizzando l'esistenza di entit\u00E0 immutabili o di forme ideali potenziali ritenute anteriori alla realt\u00E0 attuale. Si tratta a ogni modo di un principio che assume diversi significati, in filosofia, psicologia, antropologia, logica temporale."@it . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u0442. actualis \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439) \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043C\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0438 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F."@ru . . . "Actualism"@en . "La teoria dell'attualit\u00E0, o attualismo, \u00E8 un principio comune a vari ambiti che considera reale tutto ci\u00F2 che esiste attualmente, nel fluire presente del tempo, negando o relativizzando l'esistenza di entit\u00E0 immutabili o di forme ideali potenziali ritenute anteriori alla realt\u00E0 attuale. Si tratta a ogni modo di un principio che assume diversi significati, in filosofia, psicologia, antropologia, logica temporale."@it . . . . "\u0410\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u043B\u0430\u0442. actualis \u2014 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u0456\u0439, \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0438\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u043C \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0442\u0438\u043C \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443; \u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0444\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043E\u044E \u0456 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0437\u043E\u044E. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0432\u0443\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u0410\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u0448\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0434 \u0456 \u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043D, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0448\u0456, \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434\u0438 \u0456 \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0438. \u0404 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457."@uk . . "\u0410\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C"@uk . "Aktualismus (auch: Aktualit\u00E4tstheorie) ist in der Philosophie ein mehrdeutiger Ausdruck, der verschiedene Lehren der Betonung des Aktes (der T\u00E4tigkeit, des Wirkens, des Prozesses, der Evolution, des Werdens etc.) unter Hintanstellung, Relativierung oder Leugnung der Existenz oder Wirkmacht \u201Eunver\u00E4nderlicher idealer Formen\u201C (Tr\u00E4ger, Substanzen) bezeichnet. Aktualismus bezeichnet in der Philosophie u. a. metaphysische, bewusstseinstheoretische, anthropologische und modallogische Positionen, sowie einen \"Idealismus der Tat\"."@de . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064A\u062F \u064A\u0639\u0645 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063A\u064A\u0631."@ar . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "L'actualisme est la focalisation sur ce qui est actuel. Conception selon laquelle on utilise le pr\u00E9sent pour penser et expliquer le pass\u00E9, c\u2019est-\u00E0-dire partir du principe que les processus que j\u2019observe dans le monde physique et social ont toujours \u00E9t\u00E9 actifs dans le pass\u00E9."@fr . . "Actualismo"@es . . . . "\u0410\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u043B\u0430\u0442. actualis \u2014 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u0456\u0439, \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0438\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u043C \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0442\u0438\u043C \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443; \u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0444\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043E\u044E \u0456 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0437\u043E\u044E. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0432\u0443\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u0404 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457."@uk . "In analytic philosophy, actualism is the view that everything there is (i.e., everything that has being, in the broadest sense) is actual. Another phrasing of the thesis is that the domain of unrestricted quantification ranges over all and only actual existents."@en . . . . . . . "In analytic philosophy, actualism is the view that everything there is (i.e., everything that has being, in the broadest sense) is actual. Another phrasing of the thesis is that the domain of unrestricted quantification ranges over all and only actual existents. The denial of actualism is possibilism, the thesis that there are some entities that are merely possible: these entities have being but are not actual and, hence, enjoy a \"less robust\" sort of being than do actually existing things. An important, but significantly different notion of possibilism known as modal realism was developed by the philosopher David Lewis. On Lewis's account, the actual world is identified with the physical universe of which we are all a part. Other possible worlds exist in exactly the same sense as the actual world; they are simply spatio-temporally unrelated to our world, and to each other. Hence, for Lewis, \"merely possible\" entities\u2014entities that exist in other possible worlds\u2014exist in exactly the same sense as do we in the actual world; to be actual, from the perspective of any given individual x in any possible world, is simply to be part of the same world as x. Actualists face the problem of explaining why many expressions commonly used in natural language are meaningful and sometimes even true despite the fact that they contain references to non-actual entities. Problematic expressions include names of fictional characters, definite descriptions and intentional attitude reports. Actualists have often responded to this problem by paraphrasing the expressions with apparently problematic ontological commitments into ones that are free of such commitments. Actualism has been challenged by truthmaker theory to explain how truths about what is possible or necessary depend on actuality, i.e. to point out which actual entities can act as truthmakers for them. Popular candidates for this role within an actualist ontology include possible worlds conceived as abstract objects, essences and dispositions. Actualism and possibilism in ethics are two different theories about how future choices affect what the agent should presently do. Actualists assert that it is only relevant what the agent would actually do later for assessing the normative status of an alternative. Possibilists, on the other hand, hold that we should also take into account what the agent could do, even if he wouldn't do it."@en . . . . "791314"^^ . . . . "En filosof\u00EDa anal\u00EDtica contempor\u00E1nea, actualismo es una posici\u00F3n en el estado ontol\u00F3gico de mundos posibles que controla que todo aquello que existe sea real.\u200B\u200B Otra explicaci\u00F3n de la tesis es que el \u00E1mbito de cuantificaci\u00F3n irrestricta abarca todo y solo lo que existe actualmente. Este m\u00E9todo tambi\u00E9n es utilizado para relacionar historias parciales geol\u00F3gicas en las que se ayudaron varios ge\u00F3logos de la \u00E9poca para apoyar sus teor\u00EDas."@es . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u0442. actualis \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439) \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043C\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0438 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F."@ru . "28396"^^ . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064A\u062F \u064A\u0639\u0645 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063A\u064A\u0631."@ar . . . . . . "Aktualismus (Philosophie)"@de . . . . "L'actualisme est la focalisation sur ce qui est actuel. Conception selon laquelle on utilise le pr\u00E9sent pour penser et expliquer le pass\u00E9, c\u2019est-\u00E0-dire partir du principe que les processus que j\u2019observe dans le monde physique et social ont toujours \u00E9t\u00E9 actifs dans le pass\u00E9."@fr . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . "Actualisme"@fr . . . . . . . "En filosof\u00EDa anal\u00EDtica contempor\u00E1nea, actualismo es una posici\u00F3n en el estado ontol\u00F3gico de mundos posibles que controla que todo aquello que existe sea real.\u200B\u200B Otra explicaci\u00F3n de la tesis es que el \u00E1mbito de cuantificaci\u00F3n irrestricta abarca todo y solo lo que existe actualmente. Este m\u00E9todo tambi\u00E9n es utilizado para relacionar historias parciales geol\u00F3gicas en las que se ayudaron varios ge\u00F3logos de la \u00E9poca para apoyar sus teor\u00EDas. La negaci\u00F3n del actualismo es el posibilismo, tesis seg\u00FAn la que hay algunas entidades que son meramente posible: estas entidades existen (en la misma manera que los objetos normales que nos rodean lo hacen) pero no se encuentran en el mundo real. Con respecto al realismo modal: \"Una noci\u00F3n de posibilismo importante pero significativamente diferente de posibilismo sobre la que muchos de los asuntos tratados en este art\u00EDculo no aplica fue desarrollada por el fil\u00F3sofo David Lewis.\"\u200B"@es . . . . . .