. . "Amino acid dating"@en . "Amino acid dating is a dating technique used to estimate the age of a specimen in paleobiology, molecular paleontology, archaeology, forensic science, taphonomy, sedimentary geology and other fields. This technique relates changes in amino acid molecules to the time elapsed since they were formed. All biological tissues contain amino acids. All amino acids except glycine (the simplest one) are optically active, having a stereocenter at their \u03B1-C atom. This means that the amino acid can have two different configurations, \"D\" or \"L\" which are mirror images of each other. With a few important exceptions, living organisms keep all their amino acids in the \"L\" configuration. When an organism dies, control over the configuration of the amino acids ceases, and the ratio of D to L moves from a value near 0 towards an equilibrium value near 1, a process called racemization. Thus, measuring the ratio of D to L in a sample enables one to estimate how long ago the specimen died."@en . . "Data\u00E7\u00E3o de amino\u00E1cidos"@pt . . . . "A data\u00E7\u00E3o de amino\u00E1cidos \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica de data\u00E7\u00E3o usada para estimar a idade de um esp\u00E9cime em paleobiologia, paleontologia molecular, arqueologia, ci\u00EAncia forense, tafonomia, geologia sedimentar e outros campos. Esta t\u00E9cnica relaciona altera\u00E7\u00F5es nas mol\u00E9culas de amino\u00E1cidos com o tempo decorrido desde que foram formadas."@pt . . . . . . . . . "15589"^^ . "Racemizzazione degli amminoacidi"@it . . . "Datowanie metod\u0105 badania racemizacji aminokwas\u00F3w"@pl . . . . . . . . "La racemizzazione degli amminoacidi \u00E8 un metodo di datazione che sfrutta il processo naturale di racemizzazione per stimare l'et\u00E0 di un campione biologico. Questa tecnica viene applicata in paleobiologia, archeologia, scienza forense, tafonomia, sedimentologia e altri campi. Nei cristalli, gli amminoacidi esistono in due forme speculari, definite enantiomeri (o isomeri ottici), che orientano il piano della luce polarizzata verso sinistra (forma \"levogira\" o \"L\") o verso destra (forma \"destrogira\" o \"D\"): negli organismi viventi \u00E8 presente soltanto la forma levogira L. Con il sopravvenire della morte dell'organismo, le molecole degli amminoacidi iniziano a diventare destrogire, fino a raggiungere uno stato di equilibrio tra i due isomeri ottici, nel quale la luce non sar\u00E0 pi\u00F9 deviata, in quanto la forma levogira e quella destrogira si equivalgono. Questo stadio viene definito racemo. La misura del rapporto tra le configurazioni D e L in un campione biologico permette di avere una stima del tempo trascorso dalla morte dell'organismo vivente."@it . "10143814"^^ . . . . . . "La datation par rac\u00E9misation des acides amin\u00E9s est une technique de datation des organismes fossiles qui exploite l\u2019\u00E9volution spontan\u00E9e de la chiralit\u00E9 de certains acides amin\u00E9s. Diverses sciences ont recours \u00E0 cette technique : pal\u00E9obiologie, arch\u00E9ologie, taphonomie\u2026"@fr . . . "2017-03-31"^^ . . . . . . "Datowanie metod\u0105 badania racemizacji aminokwas\u00F3w \u2013 metoda datowania wzgl\u0119dnego kalibrowanego pr\u00F3bek pochodzenia organicznego, u\u017Cyta po raz pierwszy na pocz\u0105tku lat siedemdziesi\u0105tych XX wieku. Metoda nowa pozostaj\u0105ca w fazie pr\u00F3b. Mo\u017Ce by\u0107 stosowana do 100 000 lat wstecz, a do przeprowadzenia wystarczy pr\u00F3bka o wadze 10 g. Proces racemizacji polega na przekszta\u0142ceniu aminokwas\u00F3w, b\u0119d\u0105cych produktem rozpadu bia\u0142ek w pr\u00F3bie w ich enancjomery (z naturalnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105cych w bia\u0142kach aminokwas\u00F3w L w ich enancjomery D, a\u017C do utworzenia mieszaniny racemicznej). W metodzie bada si\u0119 jak du\u017Cy procent aminokwas\u00F3w w pr\u00F3bce uleg\u0142 racemizacji, zak\u0142adaj\u0105c, \u017Ce w (pr\u00F3bka \u017Cywa) 100% aminokwas\u00F3w by\u0142o w formie L. Szybko\u015B\u0107 racemizacji zale\u017Cy od rodzaju aminokwas\u00F3w, temperatury i innych cech pr\u00F3bki, dlatego meto"@pl . "Die Aminos\u00E4uredatierung (auch Aminos\u00E4ureracemisierung, Aminos\u00E4uremethode, Aminos\u00E4ureuhr, Eiwei\u00DFuhr oder Racematmethode genannt) ist eine chemische Datierungsmethode f\u00FCr geologisch relativ junges fossiles Knochenmaterial. Sie beruht darauf, dass sich nach Ableben eines Organismus das Mengenverh\u00E4ltnis zwischen der L- und der D-Form enantiomerer Aminos\u00E4uren verschiebt: der im lebenden Organismus vorhandene deutliche \u00DCberschuss der L-Form wird nach dem Tod langsam abgebaut (Racemisierung). Durch Kenntnis der Geschwindigkeit dieses Prozesses kann aus dem in einer Probe fossilen Materials gemessenen Verh\u00E4ltnis von L- zu D-Aminos\u00E4uren auf das Alter der Probe geschlossen werden. Da die Racemisierung stark temperaturabh\u00E4ngig ist, ist eine verl\u00E4ssliche Datierung nur m\u00F6glich, wenn das Fossil stabilen Temperaturen ausgesetzt war. Weil zudem nach einer gewissen Zeit der gesamte \u00DCberschuss an L-Formen abgebaut ist, liegt die Obergrenze des bestimmbaren Alters bei etwa 100.000 Jahren, in kalten Regionen bei etwas \u00FCber 1 Million Jahren."@de . . . . . . . . . . "Datation par rac\u00E9misation des acides amin\u00E9s"@fr . . "\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u5E74\u4EE3\u6E2C\u5B9A\u6CD5\uFF08\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u3055\u3093\u306D\u3093\u3060\u3044\u305D\u304F\u3066\u3044\u307B\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u3084\u6CD5\u79D1\u5B66\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u7406\u5316\u5B66\u7684\u5E74\u4EE3\u6E2C\u5B9A\u6CD5\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002\u751F\u7269\u306E\u907A\u9AB8\u304B\u3089\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u3092\u63A1\u53D6\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u30E9\u30BB\u30DF\u5316\u306E\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3067\u5E74\u4EE3\u3092\u6E2C\u5B9A\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "La datation par rac\u00E9misation des acides amin\u00E9s est une technique de datation des organismes fossiles qui exploite l\u2019\u00E9volution spontan\u00E9e de la chiralit\u00E9 de certains acides amin\u00E9s. Diverses sciences ont recours \u00E0 cette technique : pal\u00E9obiologie, arch\u00E9ologie, taphonomie\u2026"@fr . . . . . . . . "Die Aminos\u00E4uredatierung (auch Aminos\u00E4ureracemisierung, Aminos\u00E4uremethode, Aminos\u00E4ureuhr, Eiwei\u00DFuhr oder Racematmethode genannt) ist eine chemische Datierungsmethode f\u00FCr geologisch relativ junges fossiles Knochenmaterial. Sie beruht darauf, dass sich nach Ableben eines Organismus das Mengenverh\u00E4ltnis zwischen der L- und der D-Form enantiomerer Aminos\u00E4uren verschiebt: der im lebenden Organismus vorhandene deutliche \u00DCberschuss der L-Form wird nach dem Tod langsam abgebaut (Racemisierung)."@de . . . . . . . . . . "Aminos\u00E4uredatierung"@de . . . "La racemizzazione degli amminoacidi \u00E8 un metodo di datazione che sfrutta il processo naturale di racemizzazione per stimare l'et\u00E0 di un campione biologico. Questa tecnica viene applicata in paleobiologia, archeologia, scienza forense, tafonomia, sedimentologia e altri campi. Nei cristalli, gli amminoacidi esistono in due forme speculari, definite enantiomeri (o isomeri ottici), che orientano il piano della luce polarizzata verso sinistra (forma \"levogira\" o \"L\") o verso destra (forma \"destrogira\" o \"D\"): negli organismi viventi \u00E8 presente soltanto la forma levogira L."@it . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u5E74\u4EE3\u6E2C\u5B9A\u6CD5\uFF08\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u3055\u3093\u306D\u3093\u3060\u3044\u305D\u304F\u3066\u3044\u307B\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u3084\u6CD5\u79D1\u5B66\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u7406\u5316\u5B66\u7684\u5E74\u4EE3\u6E2C\u5B9A\u6CD5\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002\u751F\u7269\u306E\u907A\u9AB8\u304B\u3089\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u3092\u63A1\u53D6\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u30E9\u30BB\u30DF\u5316\u306E\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3067\u5E74\u4EE3\u3092\u6E2C\u5B9A\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "\uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uACE0\uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559, \uACE0\uACE0\uD559, \uBC95\uC758\uD559, \uBC0F \uAE30\uD0C0 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uB8CC\uC758 \uC5F0\uB300\uB97C \uCD94\uC815\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815 \uAE30\uBC95\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBC29\uBC95\uC740 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uBD84\uC790\uAC00 \uCC98\uC74C \uD615\uC131\uB41C \uBD84\uC790 \uB0B4\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uD1B5\uD558\uC5EC \uC2DC\uAC04\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC801 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0\uB294 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. (\uAC00\uC7A5 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD55C) \uAE00\uB9AC\uC2E0\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \uAD11\uD559\uD65C\uC131\uC73C\uB85C \uBE44\uB300\uCE6D \uD0C4\uC18C \uC6D0\uC790\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uAD6C\uC870, \uC989 \uC11C\uB85C \uAC70\uC6B8\uC0C1\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \"D\" \uD639\uC740 \"L\" \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C8 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uC608\uC678\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD558\uBA74 \uC0B4\uC544\uC788\uB294 \uC720\uAE30\uCCB4\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \"L\" \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC720\uAE30\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC8FD\uC73C\uBA74 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uC81C\uC5B4\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uC774 \uC5C6\uC5B4\uC9C0\uACE0 L\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C D\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC758 \uBE44\uC728\uC774 0\uC5D0\uC11C \uD3C9\uD615\uC0C1\uD0DC\uC778 1 \uCABD\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB3D9\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uACE0 \uC774 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC2DC\uB8CC\uC5D0\uC11C D\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uACFC L\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC758 \uBE44\uC728\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD558\uBA74 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC5BC\uB9C8\uB098 \uC624\uB798\uC804\uC5D0 \uC8FD\uC5C8\uB294\uC9C0 \uC54C \uC218 \uC788\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u5E74\u4EE3\u6E2C\u5B9A\u6CD5"@ja . . "\uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815"@ko . "\uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uACE0\uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559, \uACE0\uACE0\uD559, \uBC95\uC758\uD559, \uBC0F \uAE30\uD0C0 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uB8CC\uC758 \uC5F0\uB300\uB97C \uCD94\uC815\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815 \uAE30\uBC95\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBC29\uBC95\uC740 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uBD84\uC790\uAC00 \uCC98\uC74C \uD615\uC131\uB41C \uBD84\uC790 \uB0B4\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uD1B5\uD558\uC5EC \uC2DC\uAC04\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC801 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0\uB294 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. (\uAC00\uC7A5 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD55C) \uAE00\uB9AC\uC2E0\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \uAD11\uD559\uD65C\uC131\uC73C\uB85C \uBE44\uB300\uCE6D \uD0C4\uC18C \uC6D0\uC790\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uAD6C\uC870, \uC989 \uC11C\uB85C \uAC70\uC6B8\uC0C1\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \"D\" \uD639\uC740 \"L\" \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C8 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uC608\uC678\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD558\uBA74 \uC0B4\uC544\uC788\uB294 \uC720\uAE30\uCCB4\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC740 \"L\" \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC720\uAE30\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC8FD\uC73C\uBA74 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uC81C\uC5B4\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uC774 \uC5C6\uC5B4\uC9C0\uACE0 L\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C D\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC758 \uBE44\uC728\uC774 0\uC5D0\uC11C \uD3C9\uD615\uC0C1\uD0DC\uC778 1 \uCABD\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB3D9\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uACE0 \uC774 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC2DC\uB8CC\uC5D0\uC11C D\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uACFC L\uD615 \uC544\uBBF8\uB178\uC0B0\uC758 \uBE44\uC728\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD558\uBA74 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC5BC\uB9C8\uB098 \uC624\uB798\uC804\uC5D0 \uC8FD\uC5C8\uB294\uC9C0 \uC54C \uC218 \uC788\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . "A data\u00E7\u00E3o de amino\u00E1cidos \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica de data\u00E7\u00E3o usada para estimar a idade de um esp\u00E9cime em paleobiologia, paleontologia molecular, arqueologia, ci\u00EAncia forense, tafonomia, geologia sedimentar e outros campos. Esta t\u00E9cnica relaciona altera\u00E7\u00F5es nas mol\u00E9culas de amino\u00E1cidos com o tempo decorrido desde que foram formadas."@pt . . . "1112176654"^^ . "Amino acid dating is a dating technique used to estimate the age of a specimen in paleobiology, molecular paleontology, archaeology, forensic science, taphonomy, sedimentary geology and other fields. This technique relates changes in amino acid molecules to the time elapsed since they were formed."@en . . "Datowanie metod\u0105 badania racemizacji aminokwas\u00F3w \u2013 metoda datowania wzgl\u0119dnego kalibrowanego pr\u00F3bek pochodzenia organicznego, u\u017Cyta po raz pierwszy na pocz\u0105tku lat siedemdziesi\u0105tych XX wieku. Metoda nowa pozostaj\u0105ca w fazie pr\u00F3b. Mo\u017Ce by\u0107 stosowana do 100 000 lat wstecz, a do przeprowadzenia wystarczy pr\u00F3bka o wadze 10 g. Proces racemizacji polega na przekszta\u0142ceniu aminokwas\u00F3w, b\u0119d\u0105cych produktem rozpadu bia\u0142ek w pr\u00F3bie w ich enancjomery (z naturalnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105cych w bia\u0142kach aminokwas\u00F3w L w ich enancjomery D, a\u017C do utworzenia mieszaniny racemicznej). W metodzie bada si\u0119 jak du\u017Cy procent aminokwas\u00F3w w pr\u00F3bce uleg\u0142 racemizacji, zak\u0142adaj\u0105c, \u017Ce w (pr\u00F3bka \u017Cywa) 100% aminokwas\u00F3w by\u0142o w formie L. Szybko\u015B\u0107 racemizacji zale\u017Cy od rodzaju aminokwas\u00F3w, temperatury i innych cech pr\u00F3bki, dlatego metoda ta ogranicza si\u0119 do poszczeg\u00F3lnych stanowisk i musi by\u0107 kalibrowana metod\u0105 radiow\u0119glow\u0105."@pl . . .