. "La glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica \u00E9s la transformaci\u00F3 de glucosa en lactat en un context de baixa concentraci\u00F3 d'oxigen (O\u2082). \u00C9s una font d'energia efica\u00E7 \u00FAnicament en esfor\u00E7os curts i intensos, d'entre 10 segons i 2 minuts. El sistema de glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica (\u00E0cid l\u00E0ctic) domina a partir de 10\u201330 segons despr\u00E9s de l'inici d'un esfor\u00E7 molt intens. Es recupera molt r\u00E0pidament al llarg d'aquest per\u00EDode i produeix dues mol\u00E8cules de trifosfat d'adenosina (ATP) per cada mol\u00E8cula de glucosa, \u00E9s a dir, un 5% del potencial d'energia de la glucosa (38 mol\u00E8cules d'ATP). Aquest proc\u00E9s genera ATP a un ritme 100 vegades superior al de la fosforilaci\u00F3 oxidativa. Es creu que la glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica era el principal mitj\u00E0 de producci\u00F3 d'energia dels organismes primitius que hi havia quan les concentracions atmosf\u00E8riques de l'oxigen encara eren baixes. En els mam\u00EDfers, el fetge pot tornar a transformar el lactat en glucosa a trav\u00E9s del cicle de Cori."@ca . . . . . . . . . . "Anaerobic glycolysis"@en . "Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available. Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. This is much faster than aerobic metabolism. The anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid) system is dominant from about 10\u201330 seconds during a maximal effort. It replenishes very quickly over this period and produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, or about 5% of glucose's energy potential (38 ATP molecules). The speed at which ATP is produced is about 100 times that of oxidative phosphorylation."@en . "Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available. Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. This is much faster than aerobic metabolism. The anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid) system is dominant from about 10\u201330 seconds during a maximal effort. It replenishes very quickly over this period and produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, or about 5% of glucose's energy potential (38 ATP molecules). The speed at which ATP is produced is about 100 times that of oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic glycolysis is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms before oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere and thus would represent a more ancient form of energy production in cells. In mammals, lactate can be transformed by the liver back into glucose using the Cori cycle. Fates of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions: 1. \n* Pyruvate is the terminal electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentationWhen sufficient oxygen is not present in the muscle cells for further oxidation of pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Lactate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The standard free energy change of the reaction is -25.1 kJ/mol. 2. \n* Ethanol fermentationYeast and other anaerobic microorganisms convert glucose to ethanol and CO2 rather than pyruvate. Pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde by enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase in the presence of Thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg++. Carbon-dioxide is released during this reaction. Acetaldehyde is then converted to ethanol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. NADH is oxidized to NAD+ during this reaction."@en . "5670"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1069258735"^^ . . . . "Glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica \u00E9 uma forma de glic\u00F3lise onde duas mol\u00E9culas de ATP s\u00E3o geradas para cada mol\u00E9cula de glicose convertida em lactato, e caracteriza-se pela aus\u00EAncia (ou limita\u00E7\u00E3o) de Oxig\u00EAnio. A glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica, embora liberando apenas uma pequena quantia da energia contida na mol\u00E9cula de glicose, \u00E9 uma valiosa fonte de energia sob v\u00E1rias condi\u00E7\u00F5es, incluindo aquelas quando o suprimento de oxig\u00EAnio \u00E9 limitado, como no m\u00FAsculo durante o exerc\u00EDcio intensivo, e em tecidos com poucas ou nenhuma fun\u00E7\u00E3o mitocondrial, como a medula renal, eritr\u00F3citos maduros e leuc\u00F3citos. Na glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica existe uma consequente produ\u00E7\u00E3o e consumo de NADH: o NADH formado pelo glicerolde\u00EDdo desidrogenase \u00E9 usado pelo lactato desidrogenase para reduzir o piruvato em lactato. Duas mol\u00E9culas de lactato s\u00E3o produzidas para cada mol\u00E9cula de glicose metabolizada. Glicose + 2Pi + 2ADP \u2192 2Lactato + 2ATP +2H2O Na fermenta\u00E7\u00E3o, tamb\u00E9m ocorre a glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica, onde as leveduras e bact\u00E9rias, devido \u00E0 aus\u00EAncia de oxig\u00EAnio, geram \u00E1lcool etanol e CO2, a partir do piruvato e da quinase. O piruvato \u00E9 o aceitador terminal de el\u00E9trons na fermenta\u00E7\u00E3o de \u00E1cido l\u00E1ctico. Quando oxig\u00EAnio suficiente n\u00E3o est\u00E1 presente nas c\u00E9lulas musculares para a oxida\u00E7\u00E3o de piruvato e NADH produzido na glic\u00F3lise, NAD + \u00E9 regenerado a partir de NADH por redu\u00E7\u00E3o do piruvato em \u00E1cido l\u00E1ctico. O Piruvato \u00E9 convertido em \u00E1cido l\u00E1ctico pela enzima lactato desidrogenase. A varia\u00E7\u00E3o de energia livre padr\u00E3o da rea\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 de -25,1 kJ / mol ."@pt . . . . "195939"^^ . "Glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica"@ca . "Glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica"@pt . . . . . . "La glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica \u00E9s la transformaci\u00F3 de glucosa en lactat en un context de baixa concentraci\u00F3 d'oxigen (O\u2082). \u00C9s una font d'energia efica\u00E7 \u00FAnicament en esfor\u00E7os curts i intensos, d'entre 10 segons i 2 minuts. El sistema de glic\u00F2lisi anaer\u00F2bica (\u00E0cid l\u00E0ctic) domina a partir de 10\u201330 segons despr\u00E9s de l'inici d'un esfor\u00E7 molt intens. Es recupera molt r\u00E0pidament al llarg d'aquest per\u00EDode i produeix dues mol\u00E8cules de trifosfat d'adenosina (ATP) per cada mol\u00E8cula de glucosa, \u00E9s a dir, un 5% del potencial d'energia de la glucosa (38 mol\u00E8cules d'ATP). Aquest proc\u00E9s genera ATP a un ritme 100 vegades superior al de la fosforilaci\u00F3 oxidativa."@ca . . "Glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica \u00E9 uma forma de glic\u00F3lise onde duas mol\u00E9culas de ATP s\u00E3o geradas para cada mol\u00E9cula de glicose convertida em lactato, e caracteriza-se pela aus\u00EAncia (ou limita\u00E7\u00E3o) de Oxig\u00EAnio. A glic\u00F3lise anaer\u00F3bica, embora liberando apenas uma pequena quantia da energia contida na mol\u00E9cula de glicose, \u00E9 uma valiosa fonte de energia sob v\u00E1rias condi\u00E7\u00F5es, incluindo aquelas quando o suprimento de oxig\u00EAnio \u00E9 limitado, como no m\u00FAsculo durante o exerc\u00EDcio intensivo, e em tecidos com poucas ou nenhuma fun\u00E7\u00E3o mitocondrial, como a medula renal, eritr\u00F3citos maduros e leuc\u00F3citos."@pt .