. . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u82F1\uFF1AAnglo-Scottish_Wars\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3068\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9593\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u30BD\u30EB\u30A6\u30A7\u30A4\u30FB\u30E2\u30B9\u306E\u6226\u3044\u306A\u3069\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3092\u542B\u3080\u6226\u4E89\u3002"@ja . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0432 XVI \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0412\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u044F \u0456 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C 14, 15 \u0456 16 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C. \u0423 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u042F\u043A\u0456\u0432 II \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043A \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0457 \u0422\u0440\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457."@uk . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u6226\u4E89"@ja . . . . . . . "The Anglo-Scottish Wars comprise the various battles which continued to be fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland from the time of the Wars of Independence in the early 14th century through to the latter years of the 16th century. Although the Wars of Independence, in which Scotland twice resisted attempted conquest by Plantagenet kings of England, formally ended in the treaties of 1328 and 1357 respectively, relations between the two countries remained uneasy. Incursions by English kings into Scotland continued under Richard II and Henry IV and informal cross-border conflict remained endemic. Formal flashpoints on the border included places remaining under English occupation, such as Roxburgh Castle or the port of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Roxburgh was recaptured by the Scots in 1460 under Mary of Guelders after the death of James II in the same campaign. Similarly, they captured Berwick in 1461 in exchange for support to the Lancastrians. Berwick had changed hands a number of times in the past, and as one country attempted to take advantage of weakness or instability in the other, siding on one side in the civil war, culminating in final capture for the English of the Scottish port by the Yorkist Richard, Duke of Gloucester in 1482. England's preoccupation with civil war during the Wars of the Roses and Scotland's aid to the Lancastrian's cause may have been a component in the period of relative recovery for her northern neighbour during the course of the 15th century, and by the first decade of the 16th century James IV of Scotland and Henry VII of England were making overtures for lasting peace after aiding the latter, along with Scotland's ally France in the Battle of Bosworth. This broke down after the accession of the more overtly bellicose Henry VIII to the English throne and James IV's catastrophically misjudged incursion into Northumbria in 1513 ending in the Battle of Flodden. Three decades later, after the death of James V in 1542, the so-called 'rough wooing' at the hands of invading English armies under the Earl of Hertford brought manifest depredations to Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England as independent states was the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in September 1547. Periods of fighting and conflict nevertheless continued. France also played a key role throughout the period of the Anglo-Scottish Wars. Scots and English soldiers on French soil during the Hundred Years' War (1337\u20131453) generally fought on opposing sides, with the Scots standing for the French against the English under the Auld Alliance. France in later periods, in turn, often intervened on Scottish soil for the Scots. This French involvement had increasingly complex political consequences for all sides by the later 16th century. The Anglo-Scottish Wars can formally be said to have ended with the Union of the Crowns in 1603, wherein England and Scotland entered a personal union under James VI and I, who inherited both crowns. Bloody conflict between the two states nevertheless continued to arise in different and more complex guise throughout the course of the 17th century."@en . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 XIV\u2014XVI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . . . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0432 XVI \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0412\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u044F \u0456 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C 14, 15 \u0456 16 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C. \u0423 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u042F\u043A\u0456\u0432 II \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043A \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0457 \u0422\u0440\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457."@uk . "3713951"^^ . . . . . . . . "Les guerres Anglo-\u00E9cossaises furent compos\u00E9es de nombreuses batailles entre le Royaume d'Angleterre et le Royaume d\u2019\u00C9cosse \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque de la guerre d'Ind\u00E9pendance durant le d\u00E9but du XIVe si\u00E8cle et la fin du XVIe si\u00E8cle. Les guerres anglo-\u00E9cossaises se sont officiellement termin\u00E9es par l'union des couronnes en 1603, et scell\u00E9es par l'accession de Jacques VI d'\u00C9cosse au tr\u00F4ne d'Angleterre sous le nom de Jacques Ier. Les conflits entre les deux pays rest\u00E8rent n\u00E9anmoins pr\u00E9sent de mani\u00E8re toute aussi sanglante et encore plus complexe durant le XVIIe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062C\u0644\u0648-\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062F\u0627\u0631\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0648\u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062C\u0644\u0648-\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u062A \u0639\u0646\u062F \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1603\u060C \u0625\u0630 \u062F\u062E\u0644\u062A \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062A \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0648\u0631\u062B \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0646. \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645\u0648\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u062A\u0639\u0642\u064A\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631."@ar . . . . . "The Anglo-Scottish Wars comprise the various battles which continued to be fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland from the time of the Wars of Independence in the early 14th century through to the latter years of the 16th century."@en . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B"@ru . . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 XIV\u2014XVI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . . "Die Anglo-Schottischen Kriege, auch Anglo-Schottische Grenzkriege genannt, waren eine Serie von Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den K\u00F6nigreichen England und Schottland. Unter diese Bezeichnung fallen alle bewaffneten Auseinandersetzungen, die vom Ende der Schottischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskriege im Jahr 1357 bis zur Vereinigung der beiden K\u00F6nigreiche durch die Inthronisation des schottischen K\u00F6nigs Jakob VI. als Jakob I., K\u00F6nig von England, Irland und Schottland im Jahr 1603 stattfanden. In diesem Zeitraum wurde eine betr\u00E4chtliche Anzahl von Konflikten ausgetragen. In den meisten F\u00E4llen versuchte eine der beiden Nationen, eine milit\u00E4rische Schw\u00E4che oder eine vor\u00FCbergehende politische Instabilit\u00E4t der gegnerischen Seite zum eigenen Vorteil auszunutzen. Diese Periode darf jedoch nicht als dauerhafter Kriegszustand betrachtet werden. Oft wurden die kurzen, jeweils nur ein oder zwei Jahre andauernden Feldz\u00FCge ohne vorherige Kriegserkl\u00E4rung durchgef\u00FChrt, nach der entscheidenden Schlacht konnten Jahre oder gar Jahrzehnte relativer Ruhe vergehen."@de . . . . . . . . . . "11637"^^ . . "Anglo-Schottische Kriege"@de . "Guerre anglo-scozzesi"@it . . . . . . . . "Les guerres Anglo-\u00E9cossaises furent compos\u00E9es de nombreuses batailles entre le Royaume d'Angleterre et le Royaume d\u2019\u00C9cosse \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque de la guerre d'Ind\u00E9pendance durant le d\u00E9but du XIVe si\u00E8cle et la fin du XVIe si\u00E8cle. Bien que les guerres d'ind\u00E9pendance, durant lesquelles l\u2019\u00C9cosse r\u00E9sista deux fois \u00E0 la tentative de conqu\u00EAte des rois Plantagen\u00EAts qui \u00E9tait sur le tr\u00F4ne d'Angleterre, se termin\u00E8rent officiellement par les trait\u00E9s de 1328 et 1357, les relations entre les deux nations rest\u00E8rent tendues. Les invasions anglaises continu\u00E8rent sous Richard II et Henri IV, ce qui rendit le conflit end\u00E9mique. Certains points sur la fronti\u00E8re rest\u00E8rent sous l'occupation anglaise, comme le Ch\u00E2teau de Roxburgh ou le port de Berwick-upon-Tweed. Roxburgh fut repris par les \u00C9cossais en 1460 sous Marie d'Egmont apr\u00E8s la mort de James II durant la campagne militaire. De m\u00EAme, Berwick changea de mains d\u2019innombrables fois, chacun des assaillants tirant avantage des faiblesses de l'autre au moment opportun. Le point culminant de la victoire anglaise fut la prise du port de Berwick par Richard, duc de Gloucester en 1482. L'Angleterre fut tr\u00E8s pr\u00E9occup\u00E9e par la guerre des Roses, ce qui conduisit \u00E0 une am\u00E9lioration des relations sur la fronti\u00E8re durant le XVe si\u00E8cle, et durant la premi\u00E8re d\u00E9cennie du XVIe si\u00E8cle, Jacques IV d'\u00C9cosse et Henri VII d'Angleterre firent des efforts pour obtenir la paix. Ce ne fut qu'une br\u00E8ve tr\u00EAve avant l'accession au tr\u00F4ne anglais du belliqueux Henri VIII et de la grande erreur de Jacques IV qui d\u00E9cida d'une incursion en Northumbrie en 1513, qui se termina par la bataille de Flodden. Trois d\u00E9cennies plus tard, apr\u00E8s la mort de Jacques V en 1542, la \u00AB Rough Wooing \u00BB commen\u00E7a. La derni\u00E8re bataille que l'\u00C9cosse mena en toute ind\u00E9pendance fut celle de Pinkie Cleugh, en septembre 1547. Les conflits continu\u00E8rent n\u00E9anmoins. La France joua un r\u00F4le cl\u00E9 durant la p\u00E9riode des guerres anglo-\u00E9cossaises. Les \u00C9cossais se battaient au c\u00F4t\u00E9 des Fran\u00E7ais contre les Anglais durant la guerre de Cent Ans (1337-1453), les deux alli\u00E9s respectant l'Auld Alliance. En contrepartie l'\u00C9cosse b\u00E9n\u00E9ficiait de l'aide des Fran\u00E7ais sur son propre sol afin de combattre les Anglais. Cette Alliance eut de grandes cons\u00E9quences pour tous les parties durant le XVIe si\u00E8cle. Les guerres anglo-\u00E9cossaises se sont officiellement termin\u00E9es par l'union des couronnes en 1603, et scell\u00E9es par l'accession de Jacques VI d'\u00C9cosse au tr\u00F4ne d'Angleterre sous le nom de Jacques Ier. Les conflits entre les deux pays rest\u00E8rent n\u00E9anmoins pr\u00E9sent de mani\u00E8re toute aussi sanglante et encore plus complexe durant le XVIIe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . "Le guerre anglo-scozzesi furono una serie di conflitti combattuti tra il Regno d'Inghilterra ed il Regno di Scozia tra il XIII ed il XVII secolo. Gli scontri, quasi sempre provocati o connaturatisi come scorribande di confine tra soldataglie dei due paesi contendenti, avvennero sempre in occasione di problemi socio-politici interni al regno scozzese o inglese, in una generale condizione di \"saprofagia politica\" o per motivi di differenze religiose. Questa generale condizione di instabilit\u00E0 dei territori settentrionali delle isole britanniche, costante dopo le guerre di indipendenza scozzesi ed enfatizzatasi nel corso del XV secolo a causa della guerra delle due rose, venne risolta solo dall'unificazione di Scozia ed Inghilterra sotto lo scettro della Dinastia Stuart nel 1603 (prima erano s"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u0639\u0627\u0645 1603\u060C \u0625\u0630 \u062F\u062E\u0644\u062A \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062A \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0648\u0631\u062B \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0646. \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645\u0648\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u062A\u0639\u0642\u064A\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631."@ar . . . . . "Anglo-Scottish Wars"@en . . . . . . "\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u043E-\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438"@uk . "Die Anglo-Schottischen Kriege, auch Anglo-Schottische Grenzkriege genannt, waren eine Serie von Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den K\u00F6nigreichen England und Schottland. Unter diese Bezeichnung fallen alle bewaffneten Auseinandersetzungen, die vom Ende der Schottischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskriege im Jahr 1357 bis zur Vereinigung der beiden K\u00F6nigreiche durch die Inthronisation des schottischen K\u00F6nigs Jakob VI. als Jakob I., K\u00F6nig von England, Irland und Schottland im Jahr 1603 stattfanden."@de . . . . . "Le guerre anglo-scozzesi furono una serie di conflitti combattuti tra il Regno d'Inghilterra ed il Regno di Scozia tra il XIII ed il XVII secolo. Gli scontri, quasi sempre provocati o connaturatisi come scorribande di confine tra soldataglie dei due paesi contendenti, avvennero sempre in occasione di problemi socio-politici interni al regno scozzese o inglese, in una generale condizione di \"saprofagia politica\" o per motivi di differenze religiose. Questa generale condizione di instabilit\u00E0 dei territori settentrionali delle isole britanniche, costante dopo le guerre di indipendenza scozzesi ed enfatizzatasi nel corso del XV secolo a causa della guerra delle due rose, venne risolta solo dall'unificazione di Scozia ed Inghilterra sotto lo scettro della Dinastia Stuart nel 1603 (prima erano stati regni indipendenti l'uno dall'altro, pur con tentativi inglesi di annettere con varie motivazioni, la Scozia). Una recrudescenza degli scontri riprese a met\u00E0 del XVII secolo quando il Commonwealth di Oliver Cromwell si pose l'obbiettivo di invadere la Scozia per schiacciare la locale resistenza filo-stuartiana al governo inglese, sottomissione che perdur\u00F2 sino alla sua morte. L'ascesa di Carlo II ai troni di Scozia ed Inghilterra pacific\u00F2 gli animi."@it . "Guerres anglo-\u00E9cossaises"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u82F1\uFF1AAnglo-Scottish_Wars\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3068\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9593\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u30BD\u30EB\u30A6\u30A7\u30A4\u30FB\u30E2\u30B9\u306E\u6226\u3044\u306A\u3069\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3092\u542B\u3080\u6226\u4E89\u3002"@ja . . . . . "1109576326"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .