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. . "-2.362"^^ . . "56.124"^^ . . . . . "Anglo-Scottish war"@en . "1650-07-22"^^ . "Scotland and England"@en . . . . . . . . "4"^^ . . . . "53.545"^^ . . . . . . "bottom"@en . . . . . . . . "English victory"@en . . . . "The Anglo-Scottish war (1650\u20131652), also known as the Third Civil War, was the final conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between shifting alliances of religious and political factions in England, Scotland and Ireland. The 1650 English invasion was a pre-emptive military incursion by the English Commonwealth's New Model Army, intended to allay the risk of Charles II invading England with a Scottish army. The First and Second English Civil Wars, in which English Royalists, loyal to Charles I, fought Parliamentarians for control of the country, took place between 1642 and 1648. When the Royalists were defeated for the second time the English government, exasperated by the duplicity of Charles I during negotiations, set up a High Court of Justice which found the King guilty of treason and executed him on 30 January 1649. Charles I was also, separately, the king of Scotland, which was then an independent nation. The Scots fought in support of the English Parliamentarians in the First English Civil War, but sent an army in support of Charles I into England during the Second. The Parliament of Scotland, which had not been consulted before the execution, declared his son, Charles II, King of Britain. In 1650 Scotland was rapidly raising an army. The leaders of the English Commonwealth government felt threatened and on 22 July the New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland. The Scots, commanded by David Leslie, retreated to Edinburgh and refused battle. After a month of manoeuvring, Cromwell unexpectedly led the English army out of Dunbar in a night attack on 3 September and heavily defeated the Scots. The survivors abandoned Edinburgh and withdrew to the strategic bottleneck of Stirling. The English secured their hold over southern Scotland, but were unable to advance past Stirling. On 17 July 1651 the English crossed the Firth of Forth in specially constructed boats and defeated the Scots at the Battle of Inverkeithing on 20 July. This cut off the Scottish army at Stirling from its sources of supply and reinforcements. Charles II, believing that the only alternative was surrender, invaded England in August. Cromwell pursued, few Englishmen rallied to the Royalist cause and the English raised a large army. Cromwell brought the badly outnumbered Scots to battle at Worcester on 3 September and completely defeated them, marking the end of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Charles II was one of the few to escape. This demonstration that the English were willing to fight to defend the republic and capable of doing so effectively strengthened the position of the new English government. The defeated Scottish government was dissolved and the kingdom of Scotland was absorbed into the Commonwealth. Following much in-fighting Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector. After his death, further in-fighting resulted in Charles II being crowned King of England on 23 April 1661, twelve years after being crowned by the Scots. This completed the Stuart Restoration."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Blue pog.svg"@en . "Scotland absorbed into the Commonwealth of England"@en . . "Scotland"@en . . . "6"^^ . . . . . . "55.777"^^ . . . . . . "51.51"^^ . 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"1650\u5E74\uFF0C\u82F1\u5409\u5229\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u7684\u65B0\u6A21\u8303\u519B\u5148\u53D1\u5236\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u53D1\u52A8\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u610F\u5728\u5148\u884C\u904F\u5236\u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF0C\u4EE5\u9632\u4ED6\u5E26\u9886\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u519B\u961F\u53CD\u653B\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u3002\u6B64\u524D\u76841642\u81F31648\u5E74\u95F4\uFF0C\u5FE0\u4E8E\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u7684\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u9A91\u58EB\u515A\u5728\u4E24\u573A\u5185\u6218\uFF08\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u548C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u5185\u6218\uFF09\u4E2D\u4E0E\u652F\u6301\u8BAE\u4F1A\u7684\u5713\u9871\u9EE8\u4EA4\u6218\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u5185\u6218\u540E\uFF0C\u9A91\u58EB\u515A\u518D\u6B21\u6218\u8D25\uFF0C\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u6B8B\u7F3A\u8BAE\u4F1A\u56E0\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u5728\u548C\u8C08\u671F\u95F4\u7684\u8868\u91CC\u4E0D\u4E00\u800C\u751A\u662F\u607C\u6012\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u57281649\u5E741\u670830\u65E5\u5C06\u4ED6\u5904\u51B3\u3002\u5F53\u65F6\u7684\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u738B\u56FD\u8FD8\u662F\u4E2A\u72EC\u7ACB\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u4E5F\u662F\u8FD9\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u56FD\u738B\u3002\u5728\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u5185\u6218\u4E2D\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u66FE\u7AD9\u5728\u5706\u9885\u515A\u4E00\u8FB9\uFF0C\u5728\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u5185\u6218\u4E2D\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u5374\u6D3E\u9063\u4E86\u4E00\u652F\u90E8\u961F\u8FDB\u5165\u82F1\u683C\u5170\uFF0C\u9A70\u63F4\u56FD\u738B\u3002\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u6B8B\u7F3A\u8BAE\u4F1A\u5728\u6700\u7EC8\u51B3\u5B9A\u5904\u51B3\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u4E4B\u524D\u6CA1\u6709\u5F81\u6C42\u8607\u683C\u862D\u8B70\u6703\u7684\u610F\u89C1\uFF0C\u540E\u8005\u5728\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u6B7B\u540E\u5BA3\u5E03\uFF0C\u5176\u5B50\u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\u6210\u4E3A\u4E0D\u5217\u985B\u541B\u4E3B\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "1060528"^^ . "55.953"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "6"^^ . . "La guerra anglo-scozzese (1650-1652), nota anche come terza guerra civile inglese o terza guerra d'indipendenza scozzese, fu la parte finale delle guerre dei tre regni, una serie di conflitti armati e macchinazioni politiche tra i Roundhead (Teste rotonde) ed i Cavalier (Cavalieri). L'invasione inglese della Scozia nel 1650 fu un'incursione militare preventiva operata dal New Model Army del Commonwealth of England, intesa a impedire che Carlo II potesse invadere l'Inghilterra con l'esercito scozzese. La prima e la seconda guerra civile inglese, avevano visto i realisti, schierati con Carlo I, combattere i parlamentari per il controllo del paese; queste si erano svolte tra il 1642 ed il 1648. Quando i realisti vennero sconfitti per la seconda volta il governo parlamentare inglese, esasperato dalla duplicit\u00E0 di Carlo nei negoziati, lo giustizi\u00F2 il 30 gennaio 1649. Carlo I era inoltre, separatamente, re di Scozia. che era all'epoca una nazione indipendente. Gli scozzesi avevano supportato i parlamentari nella prima guerra civile inglese, ma nella seconda non poterono appoggiare la decapitazione del sovrano, dal momento inoltre che il parlamento scozzese non era stato consultato prima del fatto e di conseguenza nomin\u00F2 il figlio del defunto sovrano, Carlo II, non solo re di Scozia ma ance re d'Inghilterra. Nel 1650 la Scozia radun\u00F2 rapidamente un esercito. I leaders del Commonwealth inglese si sentirono minacciati ed il 22 luglio il New Model Army al comando di Oliver Cromwell invase la Scozia. Gli scozzesi, comandati da David Leslie, si ritirarono verso Edimburgo e si rifiutarono di dar battaglia agli inglesi. Dopo un mese di manovre, Cromwell inaspettatamente giunse a Dunbar di notte e attacc\u00F2 a citt\u00E0 il 3 settembre sconfiggendo pesantemente gli scozzesi. I sopravvissuti abbandonarono Edimburgo e si ritirarono in un collo di bottiglia strategico a Stirling. Gli inglesi si assicurarono il controllo della Scozia meridionale, ma non furono in grado di avanzare dopo Stirling. Il 17 luglio 1651 gli inglesi attraversarono il Firth of Forth a bordo di speciali barche costruite appositamente e sconfissero gli scozzesi nella il 20 luglio. Questa lasci\u00F2 isolato l'esercito scozzese a Stirling e a corto di risorse e rifornimenti. Carlo II, credendo che l'unica alternativa fosse la resa, invase l'Inghilterra in agosto. Cromwell lo insegu\u00EC seguito da e si batt\u00E9 coi suoi nemici nella battaglia di Worcester il 3 settembre riuscendo a trionfare, segnando cos\u00EC la fine della guerra dei tre regni. Carlo fu uno dei pochi a riuscire a fuggire e gli inglesi dimostrarono di essere fermamente convinti nella difesa della loro neocostituita repubblica. Lo sconfitto governo scozzese venne sciolto ed il regno di Scozia venne assorbito nel Commonwealth. Il parlamento ad ogni modo continu\u00F2 a riconoscere Carlo come re di Scozia e Inghilterra, ottenendo quest'ultima corona solo dopo la morte di Cromwell e con la restaurazione inglese, venendo incoronato re d'Inghilterra il 23 aprile 1661, dodici anni dopo essere stato incoronato re degli scozzesi."@it . "-4.25"^^ . . . . "6"^^ . "300"^^ . . . . . "49163"^^ . . . "Tredje engelska inb\u00F6rdeskriget (engelska: Third English Civil War) (1649-1651) var det sista av de engelska inb\u00F6rdeskrigen (1642-1651), en serie v\u00E4pnade konflikter och politiska intriger mellan parlamentariker och rojalister. Eftersom den kungliga arm\u00E9n var mestadels skotsk och eftersom invasionen inte \u00E5tf\u00F6ljdes av n\u00E5gon st\u00F6rre stigande eller st\u00F6d i England, kan kriget ocks\u00E5 ses som fr\u00E4mst ett engelskt-skotskt krig snarare \u00E4n en forts\u00E4ttning av det engelska inb\u00F6rdeskriget."@sv . "-4.039"^^ . . . . "-2.59"^^ . "left"@en . . "English victory" . . . . . . "A relief map of England showing modern county boundaries and the locations of several places named in the text"@en . "-3.949"^^ . . . "Hieton"@en . . . . . . "Inverkeithing"@en . . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0647. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063A\u064A\u0627\u0628 \u062A\u0623\u064A\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u060C \u062A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629."@ar . "La guerre anglo-\u00E9cossaise de 1650-1652, parfois appel\u00E9e troisi\u00E8me guerre civile, constitue la derni\u00E8re phase des guerres des Trois Royaumes, une s\u00E9rie de conflits arm\u00E9s et d'intrigues politiques qui fait rage dans les \u00EEles Britanniques au milieu du XVIIe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . . . "yes"@en . "Anglo-Scottish war (1650\u20131652)"@en . . . "55.86"^^ . . . . "Perang Inggris-Skotlandia (1650\u20131652)"@in . . "Tercera guerra civil inglesa"@es . . "56.462"^^ . . . . . . . . ""@en . . "56.397"^^ . . . . . . "54.891"^^ . "56.025"^^ . . "La guerra anglo-scozzese (1650-1652), nota anche come terza guerra civile inglese o terza guerra d'indipendenza scozzese, fu la parte finale delle guerre dei tre regni, una serie di conflitti armati e macchinazioni politiche tra i Roundhead (Teste rotonde) ed i Cavalier (Cavalieri)."@it . . . . . . . "-3.189"^^ . . . "David Leslie"@en . . . "1123103986"^^ . . . "-0.12"^^ . . . . . . . . "4"^^ . . "La guerre anglo-\u00E9cossaise de 1650-1652, parfois appel\u00E9e troisi\u00E8me guerre civile, constitue la derni\u00E8re phase des guerres des Trois Royaumes, une s\u00E9rie de conflits arm\u00E9s et d'intrigues politiques qui fait rage dans les \u00EEles Britanniques au milieu du XVIIe si\u00E8cle. De 1642 \u00E0 1648, la premi\u00E8re et la deuxi\u00E8me guerre civile anglaise mettent aux prises deux factions au sein du royaume d'Angleterre : les Cavaliers, fid\u00E8les au roi Charles Ier, et les T\u00EAtes-Rondes, qui soutiennent le Parlement d'Angleterre. Le royaume d'\u00C9cosse, en union personnelle avec l'Angleterre depuis 1603, apporte son soutien aux parlementaires dans la premi\u00E8re guerre civile anglaise, mais il envoie une arm\u00E9e au secours du roi dans la seconde. Sortis victorieux des deux conflits, les T\u00EAtes-Rondes proc\u00E8dent \u00E0 l'ex\u00E9cution du roi le 30 janvier 1649 et instaurent un r\u00E9gime r\u00E9publicain, le Commonwealth d'Angleterre. Le Parlement d'\u00C9cosse, qui n'a pas \u00E9t\u00E9 consult\u00E9, choisit de proclamer roi le fils de Charles, qui devient Charles II. Craignant une invasion \u00E9cossaise, les chefs du Commonwealth d'Angleterre d\u00E9cident de porter le premier coup et la New Model Army d'Oliver Cromwell envahit l'\u00C9cosse le 22 juillet 1650. L'arm\u00E9e \u00E9cossaise, men\u00E9e par David Leslie, se retire \u00E0 \u00C9dimbourg et refuse d'affronter Cromwell en bataille rang\u00E9e. Apr\u00E8s un mois de man\u0153uvres infructueuses, Cromwell lance une attaque surprise \u00E0 Dunbar le 3 septembre qui met en d\u00E9route les \u00C9cossais. Leslie bat en retraite jusqu'\u00E0 la forteresse de Stirling. Les Anglais prennent le contr\u00F4le du sud de l'\u00C9cosse, mais ils ne parviennent pas \u00E0 d\u00E9passer Stirling. Le 17 juillet 1651, ils traversent le Firth of Forth \u00E0 bord de barges \u00E0 fond plat et remportent la bataille d'Inverkeithing trois jours plus tard, coupant l'arm\u00E9e \u00E9cossaise stationn\u00E9e \u00E0 Stirling de ses sources de renforts et de ravitaillement. \u00C0 court d'options, Charles II conduit son arm\u00E9e dans une invasion de l'Angleterre au mois d'ao\u00FBt, avec Cromwell sur ses talons. Il ne b\u00E9n\u00E9ficie que de rares ralliements une fois la fronti\u00E8re franchie, tandis que le Parlement anglais l\u00E8ve une grande arm\u00E9e pour l'arr\u00EAter. Les royalistes subissent une d\u00E9faite \u00E9crasante \u00E0 la bataille de Worcester le 3 septembre, le roi faisant partie des rares vaincus \u00E0 pouvoir s'\u00E9chapper. \u00C0 la suite de cette d\u00E9faite, le gouvernement \u00E9cossais est dissous et le royaume d'\u00C9cosse absorb\u00E9 au sein du Commonwealth. Cette p\u00E9riode r\u00E9publicaine de l'histoire de la Grande-Bretagne prend fin en 1660 avec la restauration de Charles II sur les tr\u00F4nes d'Angleterre et d'\u00C9cosse."@fr . . "56.002725"^^ . . . "Scotland" . . . . . . . . . . "52.19"^^ . . . . . . . "-2.22"^^ . "280"^^ . . "Cromwell at Dunbar, by Andrew Carrick Gow"@en . . . . . "Guerra anglo-scozzese (1650-1652)"@it . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0629"@ar . . "350"^^ . . . "Tredje engelska inb\u00F6rdeskriget"@sv . "53.39"^^ . . . . . . . "Tredje engelska inb\u00F6rdeskriget (engelska: Third English Civil War) (1649-1651) var det sista av de engelska inb\u00F6rdeskrigen (1642-1651), en serie v\u00E4pnade konflikter och politiska intriger mellan parlamentariker och rojalister. Prestonf\u00E4ltt\u00E5get i andra inb\u00F6rdeskriget genomf\u00F6rdes under ledning av det skotska parlamentet, inte kyrkan, och det tog kung Karl I att f\u00E5 till st\u00E5nd en union av alla skotska partier mot det engelska oberoendet. \u00C4nd\u00E5 hade Karl II i exil underkastat sig l\u00E5nga f\u00F6rhandlingar och h\u00E5rda villkor innan han fick s\u00E4tta sig i spetsen f\u00F6r de skotska arm\u00E9erna. Markisen av Huntly avr\u00E4ttades f\u00F6r att tagit till sig vapen f\u00F6r kungen den 22 mars 1649. Markisen av Montrose, under ledning av Karl II, gjorde ett sista f\u00F6rs\u00F6k att samla skotska rojalister i b\u00F6rjan av 1650. Men Karl II anv\u00E4nde enbart Montrose som ett hot f\u00F6r att f\u00E5 b\u00E4ttre f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttningar f\u00F6r sig sj\u00E4lv fr\u00E5n covenanterna. N\u00E4r Montrose besegrades i den 27 april och levererades till hans f\u00F6rf\u00F6ljare den 4 maj, och avr\u00E4ttades den 21 maj 1650, gav Karl II vika f\u00F6r covenanternas krav och placerade sig sj\u00E4lv i spetsen. Karl II f\u00F6rs\u00F6kte nu att \u00E5terta tronen genom en allians med sin fars forna fiender i Skottland som avs\u00E5g att \u00E5l\u00E4gga presbyterianism i England. Han avf\u00E4rdade alla de trogna rojalisterna som hade f\u00F6ljt honom i exil. Eftersom den kungliga arm\u00E9n var mestadels skotsk och eftersom invasionen inte \u00E5tf\u00F6ljdes av n\u00E5gon st\u00F6rre stigande eller st\u00F6d i England, kan kriget ocks\u00E5 ses som fr\u00E4mst ett engelskt-skotskt krig snarare \u00E4n en forts\u00E4ttning av det engelska inb\u00F6rdeskriget."@sv . . . "A map of southern Scotland showing some places mentioned in the text"@en . . . . . . "\u82F1\u683C\u862D\u5165\u4FB5\u8607\u683C\u862D (1650\u5E74)"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "-3.437"^^ . "The Anglo-Scottish war (1650\u20131652), also known as the Third Civil War, was the final conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between shifting alliances of religious and political factions in England, Scotland and Ireland."@en . . . . . . . . . "La tercera guerra civil inglesa (1649-1651) fue el \u00FAltimo episodio de una serie de conflictos armados conocidos como la Guerra civil inglesa (1642-1652) (o \"Guerras\"), en el que se enfrentaron pol\u00EDticamente y militarmente el ej\u00E9rcito parlamentario dirigido por Cromwell y los realistas que apoyaban al sucesor leg\u00EDtimo Carlos II de Inglaterra. Sus principales objetivos eran lograr un gobierno estable y tolerancia para todas las denominaciones evang\u00E9licas puritanas. Cromwell venci\u00F3 a los partidarios mon\u00E1rquicos en Irlanda y Escocia y control\u00F3 Inglaterra. Durante la segunda guerra civil inglesa el Parlamento escoc\u00E9s en lugar de la Iglesia de Escocia asumi\u00F3 el mando de la campa\u00F1a de Preston, y exigi\u00F3 la ejecuci\u00F3n del rey Carlos I de Inglaterra con el objetivo de unir a los partidos pol\u00EDticos escoceses en contra de la facci\u00F3n de los ingleses Independientes. Aun as\u00ED, el exiliado Carlos II de Inglaterra tuvo que someterse a largas negociaciones y condicionamientos antes de que se le permitiese dirigir los ej\u00E9rcitos escoceses. Poco despu\u00E9s, el 22 de marzo de 1649, el fue ejecutado por levantarse en armas a favor de Carlos I.\u200B A principios de 1650, Carlos II orden\u00F3 al marqu\u00E9s de Montrose realizar un \u00FAltimo esfuerzo por agrupar a los realistas escoceses. Sin embargo las intenciones de Carlos II eran utilizar a Montrose como una amenaza para obtener a su favor mejores condiciones de parte de los Covenanters. Montrose, uno de los m\u00E1s nobles realistas fue derrotado el 27 de abril en la , y el 4 de mayo fue apresado por sus enemigos. Carlos II no sinti\u00F3 remordimiento para aceptar las demandas de los Covenanters, y el 21 de mayo de 1650 presidi\u00F3 la ejecuci\u00F3n de Montrose. Su padre Carlos I, a pesar de todos sus errores hab\u00EDa elegido morir por un ideal, la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Carlos II, propuso recuperar el trono a cambio de permitir que Escocia impusiese el presbiterianismo en Inglaterra, y destituy\u00F3 a todos los fieles cavaliers que le hab\u00EDan acompa\u00F1ado en su exilio.\u200B"@es . . "top"@en . "56.06"^^ . "6"^^ . "Anglo-Scottish war (1650\u20131652)"@en . . . . . "-2.9707"^^ . . . . . . . "--07-22"^^ . "-3.23"^^ . . . ""@en . "La tercera guerra civil inglesa (1649-1651) fue el \u00FAltimo episodio de una serie de conflictos armados conocidos como la Guerra civil inglesa (1642-1652) (o \"Guerras\"), en el que se enfrentaron pol\u00EDticamente y militarmente el ej\u00E9rcito parlamentario dirigido por Cromwell y los realistas que apoyaban al sucesor leg\u00EDtimo Carlos II de Inglaterra. Sus principales objetivos eran lograr un gobierno estable y tolerancia para todas las denominaciones evang\u00E9licas puritanas. Cromwell venci\u00F3 a los partidarios mon\u00E1rquicos en Irlanda y Escocia y control\u00F3 Inglaterra."@es . "6"^^ . . . . . "6"^^ . "-2.944"^^ . . "6"^^ . "Guerre anglo-\u00E9cossaise (1650-1652)"@fr . . "Charles II"@en . . . . . "-3.413"^^ .