. "Els apotecaris i apotec\u00E0ries foren els precursors dels farmac\u00E8utics. Venien drogues i medicaments per als malalts. El mot apothecarius prov\u00E9 del llat\u00ED i significa \u2018botiguer\u2019\u2018\u2019 el que corresponia essencialment a les pr\u00E0ctiques dels segles XIII i XIV, on la botiga era l'element que diferenciava el comerciant seri\u00F3s del xarlat\u00E0 de pas. La professi\u00F3 esdevingu\u00E9 aut\u00F2noma al segle xviii i l'apotecari fou reempla\u00E7at progressivament pel farmac\u00E8utic a partir del segle xix."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Apothicaire"@fr . . "Apothecary (/\u0259\u02C8p\u0252\u03B8\u026Ak\u0259ri/) is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North American English) now perform this role. In some languages and regions, the word \"apothecary\" is still used to refer to a retail pharmacy or a pharmacist who owns one. Apothecaries' investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients was a precursor to the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology. In addition to dispensing herbs and medicine, apothecaries offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed by other specialist practitioners, such as surgeons and obstetricians. Apothecary shops sold ingredients and the medicines they prepared wholesale to other medical practitioners, as well as dispensing them to patients. In 17th-century England, they also controlled the trade in tobacco which was imported as a medicine."@en . . . "Boticario"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC9C1\uC5C5\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC57D\uC0AC \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC57D\uC81C\uC0AC(\u85E5\u5291\u5E2B; \uC601\uC5B4: Apothecary)\uB294 \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC758\uC0AC\uC640 \uD658\uC790\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC758\uC57D\uD488\uC744 \uC81C\uC870\uD574\uC8FC\uB358 \uC758\uB8CC\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC\uB294 \uC57D\uC0AC \uBC0F \uD55C\uC57D\uC0AC \uB4F1\uC774 \uADF8 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0636\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u064A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0644."@ar . . "Les apothicaires \u00E9taient les pr\u00E9curseurs des pharmaciens. Ils pr\u00E9paraient et vendaient des breuvages et des m\u00E9dicaments pour les malades. \u00AB Apothecarius \u00BB vient du bas latin et signifie \u00AB boutiquier \u00BB ce qui correspondait essentiellement aux pratiques des XIIIe et XIVe si\u00E8cles, o\u00F9 la boutique \u00E9tait l'\u00E9l\u00E9ment qui diff\u00E9renciait le commer\u00E7ant s\u00E9rieux du charlatan de passage. La profession s'autonomisa au XVIIIe si\u00E8cle et l\u2019apothicairerie fut progressivement remplac\u00E9e par la pharmacie \u00E0 partir du XIXe."@fr . . "( \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC9C1\uC5C5\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC57D\uC0AC \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC57D\uC81C\uC0AC(\u85E5\u5291\u5E2B; \uC601\uC5B4: Apothecary)\uB294 \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC758\uC0AC\uC640 \uD658\uC790\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC758\uC57D\uD488\uC744 \uC81C\uC870\uD574\uC8FC\uB358 \uC758\uB8CC\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC\uB294 \uC57D\uC0AC \uBC0F \uD55C\uC57D\uC0AC \uB4F1\uC774 \uADF8 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "\u0410\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440"@uk . . . . "Lo speziale nel medioevo era colui che si occupava della preparazione delle medicine, solitamente aveva una bottega, definita spezieria, all'interno della quale effettuava anche attivit\u00E0 di vendita delle spezie e delle erbe medicinali. Nella bottega dello speziale si trovavano inoltre i profumi ed essenze, i colori usati in pittura e dai tintori, la cera e le candele, la carta e l'inchiostro e spesso anche dolci speziati preparati dallo speziale stesso.L'attivit\u00E0 dello speziale era, in epoca medievale, una delle pi\u00F9 redditizie."@it . . "1274598"^^ . . . . . . . . "Apothecary (/\u0259\u02C8p\u0252\u03B8\u026Ak\u0259ri/) is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North American English) now perform this role. In some languages and regions, the word \"apothecary\" is still used to refer to a retail pharmacy or a pharmacist who owns one. Apothecaries' investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients was a precursor to the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology."@en . . . "Un boticario (tambi\u00E9n llamado apotecario) es aquella persona responsable o titular de una oficina de farmacia o botica (que proviene de la voz griega apotheka, almac\u00E9n o tienda de v\u00EDveres). Hasta el final del siglo XVII es el nombre que recibe el maestro que est\u00E1 en la botica, que es un establecimiento donde se preparaban los remedios que prescrib\u00EDan los m\u00E9dicos. Desde el siglo XV, hab\u00EDa que obtener el t\u00EDtulo de maestro boticario mediante un examen para poder ejercer la profesi\u00F3n."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Apothecary"@en . . . . . . . "Apotecari"@ca . . . "\u0410\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. apothecary) \u2014 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B\u044F\u0454 \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0445\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u0456 \u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0445. \u041D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0430, \u0430\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0433, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u043A \u0445\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0432 (\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E), \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438-\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0410\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0456 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043B\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0430\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0438. \u0423 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438, \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0434\u043E \u0456\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u044E\u0442\u044E\u043D \u0442\u0430 (\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0431\u043E). \u0412\u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0443\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E \u0430\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0456\u043D, \u044F\u043A \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F, \u2014 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u044F\u043A \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "Un boticario (tambi\u00E9n llamado apotecario) es aquella persona responsable o titular de una oficina de farmacia o botica (que proviene de la voz griega apotheka, almac\u00E9n o tienda de v\u00EDveres). Hasta el final del siglo XVII es el nombre que recibe el maestro que est\u00E1 en la botica, que es un establecimiento donde se preparaban los remedios que prescrib\u00EDan los m\u00E9dicos. Desde el siglo XV, hab\u00EDa que obtener el t\u00EDtulo de maestro boticario mediante un examen para poder ejercer la profesi\u00F3n. Este nombre desaparece al principio del siglo XIX, en el que se regulan los estudios de Farmacia, apareciendo en su lugar el de farmac\u00E9utico. En uso coloquial, se puede llamar boticario al farmac\u00E9utico de oficina de farmacia."@es . "Lo speziale nel medioevo era colui che si occupava della preparazione delle medicine, solitamente aveva una bottega, definita spezieria, all'interno della quale effettuava anche attivit\u00E0 di vendita delle spezie e delle erbe medicinali. Nella bottega dello speziale si trovavano inoltre i profumi ed essenze, i colori usati in pittura e dai tintori, la cera e le candele, la carta e l'inchiostro e spesso anche dolci speziati preparati dallo speziale stesso.L'attivit\u00E0 dello speziale era, in epoca medievale, una delle pi\u00F9 redditizie."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC57D\uC81C\uC0AC"@ko . . . . "Els apotecaris i apotec\u00E0ries foren els precursors dels farmac\u00E8utics. Venien drogues i medicaments per als malalts. El mot apothecarius prov\u00E9 del llat\u00ED i significa \u2018botiguer\u2019\u2018\u2019 el que corresponia essencialment a les pr\u00E0ctiques dels segles XIII i XIV, on la botiga era l'element que diferenciava el comerciant seri\u00F3s del xarlat\u00E0 de pas. La professi\u00F3 esdevingu\u00E9 aut\u00F2noma al segle xviii i l'apotecari fou reempla\u00E7at progressivament pel farmac\u00E8utic a partir del segle xix."@ca . . "\u0410\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. apothecary) \u2014 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B\u044F\u0454 \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0445\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u0456 \u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0445. \u0412\u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0443\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E \u0430\u043F\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0456\u043D, \u044F\u043A \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F, \u2014 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u044F\u043A \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . . "1123966148"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629)"@ar . . "Les apothicaires \u00E9taient les pr\u00E9curseurs des pharmaciens. Ils pr\u00E9paraient et vendaient des breuvages et des m\u00E9dicaments pour les malades. \u00AB Apothecarius \u00BB vient du bas latin et signifie \u00AB boutiquier \u00BB ce qui correspondait essentiellement aux pratiques des XIIIe et XIVe si\u00E8cles, o\u00F9 la boutique \u00E9tait l'\u00E9l\u00E9ment qui diff\u00E9renciait le commer\u00E7ant s\u00E9rieux du charlatan de passage. La profession s'autonomisa au XVIIIe si\u00E8cle et l\u2019apothicairerie fut progressivement remplac\u00E9e par la pharmacie \u00E0 partir du XIXe."@fr . . . "Speziale"@it . "22325"^^ . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0636\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u064A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0644."@ar .