. . . . "El t\u00E9rmino Baal Shem o ba'al shem, denota en el juda\u00EDsmo un rango que era otorgado a cualquier jud\u00EDo que hiciera milagros y curaciones mediante el conocimiento oculto de los Nombres de Dios. Esta costumbre data del siglo XI, mucho antes de que el t\u00E9rmino fuera aplicado a ciertos rabinos y cabalistas. Hubo muchos ba'al shem entre los siglos XVII y XVIII al este de Europa, donde exorcizaban demonios y amuletos, realizando tambi\u00E9n curaciones usando hierbas, remedios tradicionales y el Tetragr\u00E1maton. Debido a que combinaban la curaci\u00F3n a trav\u00E9s de la fe con el uso de la C\u00E1bala, tuvieron conflictos con rabinos, m\u00E9dicos y seguidores de la Haskal\u00E1."@es . "Baal Shem"@it . . . . . . . . . "Baal Shem (in ebraico: \u05D1\u05E2\u05DC \u05E9\u05DD\u200E?, Ba\u02BBal \u0160\u0113m) significa Maestro del Nome, e si riferisce alla storica occupazione ebraica di diversi ebrei cabalisti che possedevano la conoscenza di come usare i nomi di Dio per effettuare guarigioni, miracoli, esorcismi e benedizioni attraverso la Cabala pratica. Il titolo non ufficiale veniva dato dagli altri, che riconoscevano o beneficiavano dell'abilit\u00E0 del Baal Shem di eseguire atti meravigliosi. L'occupazione ed il titolo emersero nel Medioevo, e continuarono fino alla prima era moderna. I Baalei Shem erano visti come taumaturghi che potevano curare malattie e guarire ferite, possedendo anche poteri mistici per predire o interpretare eventi e personalit\u00E0. Si credeva che avessero una \"linea diretta\" al Cielo per evocare la misericordia di Dio e la sua compassione per coloro che soffrivano. Nella societ\u00E0 ebraica, il ruolo teurgico della Cabala pratica praticato dai Baalei Shem a beneficio della gente comune era un'istituzione mistica che contrastava con i circoli di studio cabalistico pi\u00F9 teosofico ed estatico, e che si isolavano dal popolino. Il Baal Shem, il predicatore Magghid e il predicatore di penitenza noto come Mokhiakh, erano visti come appartenenti a studiosi eruditi di livello informale inferiore, al di sotto dei rabbini e dei cabalisti ufficiali. Poche persone ricevevano il titolo di Baal Shem tra gli ebrei ashkenaziti dell'Europa orientale e centrale. Il nome \u00E8 pi\u00F9 che altro noto in riferimento al fondatore del chassidismo moderno, il Baal Shem Tov (Maestro del Buon Nome), vissuto in Ucraina nel Settecento. Tuttavia, sebbene il Baal Shem Tov inizi\u00F2 la sua vita pubblica come un tradizionale Baal Shem, con i suoi insegnamenti introdusse un nuovo percorso nel pensiero e nella pratica della mistica ebraica. Il chassidismo moderno diffuse la Cabala esoterica come movimento di rinnovamento mistico e sociale. Il nuovo ruolo mistico del Rebbe Tzadik chassidico sostitu\u00EC l'attivit\u00E0 del Baal Shem tra il popolino, combinando cabalista e Magghid, e sostituendo la Cabala pratica con l'intercessione divina dello Tzadik. L'opera Lodi del Besht (1814-1815) ambienta il circolo dei seguaci del Baal Shem Tov nell'ambito della sua altra attivit\u00E0 come Baal Shem itinerante. L'attivit\u00E0 dei Baalei Sem nelle comunit\u00E0 ebraiche, cos\u00EC come l'influenza delle idee cabalistiche, ha contribuito alla credenza popolare degli Tzadikim Nistarim (Giusti Nascosti). La tradizione chassidica registra Eliyahu Baal Shem nel XVI secolo quale fondatore di una fratellanza mistica di Nistarim per offrire incoraggiamento fisico e spirituale al popolino ebraico, da cui emerse poi lo chassidismo."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A Baal Shem (Hebrew: \u05D1\u05B7\u05BC\u05E2\u05B7\u05DC \u05E9\u05B5\u05C1\u05DD, pl. Baalei Shem) was a historical Jewish practitioner of Practical Kabbalah and supposed miracle worker. Employing the names of God, angels, Satan and other spirits, Baalei Shem are claimed to heal, enact miracles, perform exorcisms, treat various health issues, curb epidemics, protect people from disaster due to fire, robbery or the evil eye, foresee the future, decipher dreams, and bless those who sought his powers."@en . . . "Baal Shem eller det goda namnets herre var ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 en jude som ans\u00E5gs kunna anv\u00E4nda guds namn f\u00F6r att utf\u00F6ra underverk. I 1700-talets Polen fanns kringvandrande Baal Shem, bland andra Israel ben Eliezer. Namnet i det goda namnets herre \u00E4r enligt judisk uppfattning det mest heliga gudsnamnet. Det skrivs med fyra bokst\u00E4ver, Tetragrammaton, i den hebreiska konsonantskriften, vilka ungef\u00E4r motsvarar JHVH. Namnet f\u00F6rekommer m\u00E5nga g\u00E5nger i det hebreiska Gamla testamentet, men utl\u00E4ses aldrig, n\u00E4r man l\u00E4ser texten h\u00F6gt. Gudsnamnet byts d\u00E5 ut mot Adonai (\"herren\"). Enligt den judiska traditionen fick detta namn endast uttalas av \u00F6verstepr\u00E4sten en g\u00E5ng om \u00E5ret, p\u00E5 h\u00F6gtiden Jom Kippur, i den allra heligaste delen av templet i Jerusalem. Efter att romarna f\u00F6rst\u00F6rde detta tempel \u00E5r 70 s\u00E5 skall kunskapen om hur namnet skall uttalas ha f\u00F6rsvunnit. En Baal Shem ans\u00E5gs ha kommit underfund med uttalet igen, kanske under djup meditation."@sv . . . . . "El t\u00E9rmino Baal Shem o ba'al shem, denota en el juda\u00EDsmo un rango que era otorgado a cualquier jud\u00EDo que hiciera milagros y curaciones mediante el conocimiento oculto de los Nombres de Dios. Esta costumbre data del siglo XI, mucho antes de que el t\u00E9rmino fuera aplicado a ciertos rabinos y cabalistas. Hubo muchos ba'al shem entre los siglos XVII y XVIII al este de Europa, donde exorcizaban demonios y amuletos, realizando tambi\u00E9n curaciones usando hierbas, remedios tradicionales y el Tetragr\u00E1maton."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "Baal Shem (in ebraico: \u05D1\u05E2\u05DC \u05E9\u05DD\u200E?, Ba\u02BBal \u0160\u0113m) significa Maestro del Nome, e si riferisce alla storica occupazione ebraica di diversi ebrei cabalisti che possedevano la conoscenza di come usare i nomi di Dio per effettuare guarigioni, miracoli, esorcismi e benedizioni attraverso la Cabala pratica. Il titolo non ufficiale veniva dato dagli altri, che riconoscevano o beneficiavano dell'abilit\u00E0 del Baal Shem di eseguire atti meravigliosi."@it . . . . . . . "\u0411\u0430\u0430\u043B\u044C \u0428\u0435\u043C"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "A Baal Shem (Hebrew: \u05D1\u05B7\u05BC\u05E2\u05B7\u05DC \u05E9\u05B5\u05C1\u05DD, pl. Baalei Shem) was a historical Jewish practitioner of Practical Kabbalah and supposed miracle worker. Employing the names of God, angels, Satan and other spirits, Baalei Shem are claimed to heal, enact miracles, perform exorcisms, treat various health issues, curb epidemics, protect people from disaster due to fire, robbery or the evil eye, foresee the future, decipher dreams, and bless those who sought his powers. In Judaism, similar figures arbitrated between earthly realities and spiritual realms since before the establishment of Talmudic Judaism in the 3rd century. However, it was only in the 16th century that the figures were called Baalei Shem. Herbal folk remedies, amulets, contemporary medical cures as well as magical and mystical solutions were used in accordance with traditional Kabbalistic teachings as well as adapted Lurianic guidelines in the Middle Ages. Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer was a Polish rabbi and mystical healer known as the Baal Shem Tov. His teachings imbued the esoteric usage of practical Kabbalah of Baalei Shem into a spiritual movement, Hasidic Judaism."@en . . . . "Baal Shem"@en . . "Baal Shem"@es . . . . . . . . "Baal Shem eller det goda namnets herre var ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 en jude som ans\u00E5gs kunna anv\u00E4nda guds namn f\u00F6r att utf\u00F6ra underverk. I 1700-talets Polen fanns kringvandrande Baal Shem, bland andra Israel ben Eliezer."@sv . . . . . . "\u0411\u0430\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C \u0428\u0435\u043C, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u0430\u043B \u0428\u0435\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0430\u043B\u0448\u0435\u043C (\u0438\u0432\u0440. \u200F\u05D1\u05B7\u05BC\u05E2\u05B7\u05DC \u05E9\u05B5\u05C1\u05DD\u200F\u200E, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432. \u00AB\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0411\u043E\u0433\u0430)\u00BB), \u2014 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0431\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0436\u044C\u0435\u0433\u043E, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441. \u0411\u0430\u0430\u043B\u044C \u0428\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0436\u0430\u0440\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0442\u043E\u043B\u043F\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0449\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u0411\u043E\u0433\u0430."@ru . "\u0411\u0430\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C \u0428\u0435\u043C, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u0430\u043B \u0428\u0435\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0430\u043B\u0448\u0435\u043C (\u0438\u0432\u0440. \u200F\u05D1\u05B7\u05BC\u05E2\u05B7\u05DC \u05E9\u05B5\u05C1\u05DD\u200F\u200E, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432. \u00AB\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0411\u043E\u0433\u0430)\u00BB), \u2014 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0431\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0436\u044C\u0435\u0433\u043E, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441. \u0411\u0430\u0430\u043B\u044C \u0428\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0436\u0430\u0440\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0442\u043E\u043B\u043F\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0449\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u0411\u043E\u0433\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . . . "1094601717"^^ . . . . . . . . "25539"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Baal Shem"@sv . . "44242611"^^ . . . .