. . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (en catal\u00E0: biblioteca blava) \u00E9s un terme emprat per a referir-se a la literatura popular francesa entre el segle xvii i el segle XIX. Durant m\u00E9s de dos segles es va imprimir a Troyes (a la biblioteca de Nicolas Oudot). Eren uns pamflets amb una impressi\u00F3 de mala qualitat i la coberta estava feta amb paper blau. Era una literatura destinada als pobres i era venuda per quincallaires ambulants. Alguns historiadors creuen que va ser la principal font de la cultura de masses, mentre que d'altres, com Carlo Ginzburg, insisteixen en la ignor\u00E0ncia dels lectors a l'hora de comprendre el text, remarcant que era m\u00E9s important la cultura oral. Els analfabets els feien servir per apreciar les il\u00B7lustracions que no aconseguien relacionar amb el text que no podien llegir, encara que podien escoltar-lo de la boca d'un narrador en sessions col\u00B7lectives. Tamb\u00E9 solien tenir almanacs, prediccions astrol\u00F2giques, consells de tota classe, poesies, roman\u00E7os, etc. Charles Perrault es va inspirar en alguns d'aquests pamflets en escriure les seves hist\u00F2ries."@ca . . . "Blauwboekjes zijn pamfletten, speciaal die uit de 16e-18 eeuw in Nederland. Ze zijn zo genoemd naar het goedkope blauwe papier dat vaak voor het omslag werd gebruikt. Deze vlugschriften hadden een beperkte omvang, en konden over allerlei onderwerpen gaan, vaak politieke of godsdienstige. Ze waren bedoeld om tegenstanders te overtuigen (of te beschimpen) en medestanders te werven. Veel uitgaven die 'blauwboekje', of in oudere spelling 'blaauwboekje', genoemd werden, hadden een omslag van een andere kleur papier, vaak een marmertje. Maar dit woord was in de 17de eeuw een veelgebruikte naam voor allerlei pamfletten en schotschriften, efemere lectuur die door colporteurs op straat verkocht werd. Het woord 'pamflet' zelf kwam later in zwang. In Frankrijk wordt de term biblioth\u00E8que bleue gebruikt voor het Nederlandse begrip 'populaire literatuur'."@nl . . . "41344699"^^ . "November 2018"@en . . . . "6799"^^ . "Mit dem Ausdruck Biblioth\u00E8que Bleue (\"blaue Bibliothek\") werden ihres einfach blauen Umschlages wegen die franz\u00F6sischen Unterhaltungsschriften zusammengefasst, welche den deutschen Volksb\u00FCchern entsprechen. Die gr\u00F6\u00DFte Zahl ist in Troyes in der Druckerei von hergestellt worden. Hervorgegangen sind dieselben meist aus der Prosaaufl\u00F6sung mittelalterlicher Versromane (z. B. Fierabras, , Jean de Paris); doch sind auch manche, wie , , nur in Prosa vorhanden. Viele haben durch die Literatur Europas ihre Runde gemacht und sind auch in die deutsche Volksliteratur \u00FCbergegangen."@de . . . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (\"biblioteca azul\" em franc\u00EAs) \u00E9 um tipo de literatura ef\u00EAmera e popular publicada na Fran\u00E7a entre c.\u20091602 e c.\u20091830, compar\u00E1vel ao chapbook ingl\u00EAs, ao alem\u00E3o e \u00E0 literatura de cordel luso-brasileira. Como foi o caso na Inglaterra e na Alemanha, esse formato liter\u00E1rio atraiu todos os n\u00EDveis da sociedade francesa, transcendendo as barreiras sociais, sexuais e et\u00E1rias. Uma cole\u00E7\u00E3o significativa de volumes da Biblioth\u00E8que bleue est\u00E1 localizada no M\u00E9diath\u00E8que du Grand Troyes."@pt . . "\u9752\u672C (\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9)"@ja . . . . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue"@ca . . . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue"@pt . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue"@es . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que Bleue"@de . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (\"blue library\" in French) is a type of ephemera and popular literature published in Early Modern France (between c.\u20091602 and c.\u20091830), comparable to the English chapbook and the German Volksbuch. As was the case in England and Germany, that literary format appealed to all levels of French society, transcending social, sex, and age barriers. A significant collection of Biblioth\u00E8que bleue volumes is located at the ."@en . . "1070939796"^^ . . . "La Biblioth\u00E8que bleue est une forme primitive de litt\u00E9rature de colportage apparue en France au d\u00E9but du XVIIe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Blauwboekje"@nl . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (en espa\u00F1ol: biblioteca azul) es un t\u00E9rmino empleado para referirse a la literatura popular francesa entre el siglo XVII y el siglo XIX. Durante m\u00E1s de dos siglos se imprimi\u00F3 en Troyes (en la biblioteca de Nicolas Oudot). La impresi\u00F3n era de mala calidad y la cubierta estaba hecha con papel azul. Era una literatura destinada a los pobres y era vendida por buhoneros (vendedores) ambulantes."@es . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (\"biblioteca azul\" em franc\u00EAs) \u00E9 um tipo de literatura ef\u00EAmera e popular publicada na Fran\u00E7a entre c.\u20091602 e c.\u20091830, compar\u00E1vel ao chapbook ingl\u00EAs, ao alem\u00E3o e \u00E0 literatura de cordel luso-brasileira. Como foi o caso na Inglaterra e na Alemanha, esse formato liter\u00E1rio atraiu todos os n\u00EDveis da sociedade francesa, transcendendo as barreiras sociais, sexuais e et\u00E1rias. Biblioth\u00E8que bleue \u00E9 na origem um termo para um esquema de publica\u00E7\u00E3o introduzido em 1602 em Troyes pelos irm\u00E3os Jean e Nicholas Oudot, em associa\u00E7\u00E3o com a fam\u00EDlia de Claude Garnier (1535-1589), que havia sido impressor do rei. Os Oudot produziram impress\u00F5es em baixa qualidade e formato pequeno. Vendidos com uma capa de papel azul, esses produtos semelhantes a brochuras ficaram conhecidos como livres bleus, ou \"livros azuis\". A mat\u00E9ria de conte\u00FAdo foi inicialmente limitada a ef\u00EAmeras locais, mas logo foi popularizada e imitada em outras cidades como Rouen, Angers, Caen, Limoges, Avignon, Dinan, \u00C9pinal, e talvez at\u00E9 sessenta outras cidades, vendidas em livrarias urbanas e levados para o campo por colportores itinerantes (mascates). Essa ampla distribui\u00E7\u00E3o representou a origem hist\u00F3rica da \"m\u00EDdia de massa popular\" na Fran\u00E7a. No final do s\u00E9culo XVII, a Biblioth\u00E8que bleue em Troyes tornou-se uma empresa familiar administrada pelos filhos de Jean Oudot, Jean II e Jacques I, mais tarde Nicholas II e Nicholas III. O neg\u00F3cio Oudot logo encontrou concorr\u00EAncia, principalmente da fam\u00EDlia Garnier. Nicholas III em 1665 casou-se com a filha de um bibliotec\u00E1rio de Paris e estabeleceu-se na capital, e come\u00E7ou a publicar em grandes quantidades, sobre temas como teatro, livro de hist\u00F3rias (especialmente recontagens em prosa de romances em verso medievais como Fierrabras, , e ), s\u00E1tira (romance picaresco), literatura religiosa, almanaques, manuais de etiqueta, livros de receitas, cancioneiros e astrologia etc. Ap\u00F3s a morte de Nicholas II, sua vi\u00FAva continuou o neg\u00F3cio de Troyes, e ficou conhecida em todo o reino como a veuve Oudot (vi\u00FAva Oudot), atingindo no s\u00E9culo 18 um quase monop\u00F3lio no g\u00EAnero. A Oudot faliu em 1760, devido a uma nova legisla\u00E7\u00E3o que limitava o direito de reimprimir obras. Garnier persistiu durante a Primeira Rep\u00FAblica Francesa, mas faliu em 1830, pois seu modelo de neg\u00F3cios estava desatualizado e n\u00E3o podia mais competir com as formas modernas de publica\u00E7\u00E3o de impress\u00E3o lideradas por Hachette e como resultado da centraliza\u00E7\u00E3o do sistema educacional prim\u00E1rio. Uma cole\u00E7\u00E3o significativa de volumes da Biblioth\u00E8que bleue est\u00E1 localizada no M\u00E9diath\u00E8que du Grand Troyes."@pt . . . . . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (en espa\u00F1ol: biblioteca azul) es un t\u00E9rmino empleado para referirse a la literatura popular francesa entre el siglo XVII y el siglo XIX. Durante m\u00E1s de dos siglos se imprimi\u00F3 en Troyes (en la biblioteca de Nicolas Oudot). La impresi\u00F3n era de mala calidad y la cubierta estaba hecha con papel azul. Era una literatura destinada a los pobres y era vendida por buhoneros (vendedores) ambulantes. Algunos historiadores creen que fue la principal fuente de la cultura de masas, mientras que otros, como Carlo Ginzburg, insisten en la ignorancia de los lectores a la hora de comprender el texto e insiste en que era m\u00E1s importante la cultura oral. Los analfabetos lo usaban para apreciar las ilustraciones que no lograban relacionar con el texto, aunque este pod\u00EDan o\u00EDrlo en sesiones de lectura colectiva. Tambi\u00E9n sol\u00EDan tener almanaques, predicciones astrol\u00F3gicas, consejos de todo tipo, poes\u00EDas, romances, etc. Charles Perrault se inspir\u00F3 en algunos de estos panfletos para escribir sus historias.[cita requerida]"@es . . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue"@en . . . "\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u53F2\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u9752\u672C\uFF08livre bleu\uFF09\u306F\u300116\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u767B\u5834\u3057\u3001\u30A2\u30F3\u30B7\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30EC\u30B8\u30FC\u30E0\u671F\u3092\u901A\u3058\u3066\u591A\u304F\u520A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u5EB6\u6C11\u5411\u3051\u306E\u5EC9\u4FA1\u306A\u66F8\u7269\u306E\u3053\u3068\u300219\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u304B\u3089\u520A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u7DCF\u79F0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300C\u9752\u672C\u53E2\u66F8(La Biblioth\u00E8que bleue)\u300D\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7D19\u88FD\u306E\u9752\u3044\u8868\u7D19\u304C\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3053\u306E\u540D\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u88FD\u4F5C\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u3092\u6975\u529B\u6291\u3048\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u7C21\u7D20\u306A\u3064\u304F\u308A\u306E\u3082\u306E\u304C\u591A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u5185\u5BB9\u3082\u5EB6\u6C11\u5411\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u8B58\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56F3\u7248\u3092\u591A\u304F\u7528\u3044\u305F\u308A\u3001\uFF08\u5143\u306E\u9AD8\u4FA1\u306A\u30C6\u30AF\u30B9\u30C8\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\uFF09\u7701\u7565\u3084\u7DE8\u96C6\u304C\u52A0\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u8349\u5275\u671F\u306B\u9752\u672C\u3092\u624B\u304C\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305F\u8457\u540D\u306A\u696D\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30EA\u30E8\u30F3\u306E\u30D6\u30CE\u30EF\u30FB\u30EA\u30B4\u30FC\uFF08Beno\u00EEt Rigaud\u3001\u6D3B\u52D5\u671F\u9593 1555\u5E74-1597\u5E74\uFF09\u3084\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u306E\u30BD\u30D4\u30B1\u3053\u3068\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30AC\u30EB\u30CB\u30A8(Claude Garnier dit Saupiquet\u3001\u6D3B\u52D5\u671F\u9593 1576\u5E74-1588\u5E74)\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3044\u308B\u3002 17\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3068\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u306A\u3069\u3067\u9752\u672C\u304C\u3055\u304B\u3093\u306B\u51FA\u7248\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u3001\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u5E02\u7ACB\u56F3\u66F8\u9928\u306B\u306F450\u518A\u306B\u53CA\u3076\u9752\u672C\u306E\u30B3\u30EC\u30AF\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u304C\u53CE\u8535\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue"@fr . . . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . . "\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u53F2\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u9752\u672C\uFF08livre bleu\uFF09\u306F\u300116\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u767B\u5834\u3057\u3001\u30A2\u30F3\u30B7\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30EC\u30B8\u30FC\u30E0\u671F\u3092\u901A\u3058\u3066\u591A\u304F\u520A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u5EB6\u6C11\u5411\u3051\u306E\u5EC9\u4FA1\u306A\u66F8\u7269\u306E\u3053\u3068\u300219\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u304B\u3089\u520A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u7DCF\u79F0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300C\u9752\u672C\u53E2\u66F8(La Biblioth\u00E8que bleue)\u300D\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7D19\u88FD\u306E\u9752\u3044\u8868\u7D19\u304C\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3053\u306E\u540D\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u88FD\u4F5C\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u3092\u6975\u529B\u6291\u3048\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u7C21\u7D20\u306A\u3064\u304F\u308A\u306E\u3082\u306E\u304C\u591A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u5185\u5BB9\u3082\u5EB6\u6C11\u5411\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u8B58\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56F3\u7248\u3092\u591A\u304F\u7528\u3044\u305F\u308A\u3001\uFF08\u5143\u306E\u9AD8\u4FA1\u306A\u30C6\u30AF\u30B9\u30C8\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\uFF09\u7701\u7565\u3084\u7DE8\u96C6\u304C\u52A0\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u8349\u5275\u671F\u306B\u9752\u672C\u3092\u624B\u304C\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305F\u8457\u540D\u306A\u696D\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30EA\u30E8\u30F3\u306E\u30D6\u30CE\u30EF\u30FB\u30EA\u30B4\u30FC\uFF08Beno\u00EEt Rigaud\u3001\u6D3B\u52D5\u671F\u9593 1555\u5E74-1597\u5E74\uFF09\u3084\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u306E\u30BD\u30D4\u30B1\u3053\u3068\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30AC\u30EB\u30CB\u30A8(Claude Garnier dit Saupiquet\u3001\u6D3B\u52D5\u671F\u9593 1576\u5E74-1588\u5E74)\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3044\u308B\u3002 17\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3068\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u306A\u3069\u3067\u9752\u672C\u304C\u3055\u304B\u3093\u306B\u51FA\u7248\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u3001\u30C8\u30ED\u30EF\u5E02\u7ACB\u56F3\u66F8\u9928\u306B\u306F450\u518A\u306B\u53CA\u3076\u9752\u672C\u306E\u30B3\u30EC\u30AF\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u304C\u53CE\u8535\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Mit dem Ausdruck Biblioth\u00E8que Bleue (\"blaue Bibliothek\") werden ihres einfach blauen Umschlages wegen die franz\u00F6sischen Unterhaltungsschriften zusammengefasst, welche den deutschen Volksb\u00FCchern entsprechen. Die gr\u00F6\u00DFte Zahl ist in Troyes in der Druckerei von hergestellt worden. Hervorgegangen sind dieselben meist aus der Prosaaufl\u00F6sung mittelalterlicher Versromane (z. B. Fierabras, , Jean de Paris); doch sind auch manche, wie , , nur in Prosa vorhanden. Viele haben durch die Literatur Europas ihre Runde gemacht und sind auch in die deutsche Volksliteratur \u00FCbergegangen."@de . "Blauwboekjes zijn pamfletten, speciaal die uit de 16e-18 eeuw in Nederland. Ze zijn zo genoemd naar het goedkope blauwe papier dat vaak voor het omslag werd gebruikt. Deze vlugschriften hadden een beperkte omvang, en konden over allerlei onderwerpen gaan, vaak politieke of godsdienstige. Ze waren bedoeld om tegenstanders te overtuigen (of te beschimpen) en medestanders te werven. Het woord 'pamflet' zelf kwam later in zwang. In Frankrijk wordt de term biblioth\u00E8que bleue gebruikt voor het Nederlandse begrip 'populaire literatuur'."@nl . . . . "yes"@en . "La Biblioth\u00E8que bleue est une forme primitive de litt\u00E9rature de colportage apparue en France au d\u00E9but du XVIIe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (en catal\u00E0: biblioteca blava) \u00E9s un terme emprat per a referir-se a la literatura popular francesa entre el segle xvii i el segle XIX. Durant m\u00E9s de dos segles es va imprimir a Troyes (a la biblioteca de Nicolas Oudot). Eren uns pamflets amb una impressi\u00F3 de mala qualitat i la coberta estava feta amb paper blau. Era una literatura destinada als pobres i era venuda per quincallaires ambulants."@ca . "Biblioth\u00E8que bleue (\"blue library\" in French) is a type of ephemera and popular literature published in Early Modern France (between c.\u20091602 and c.\u20091830), comparable to the English chapbook and the German Volksbuch. As was the case in England and Germany, that literary format appealed to all levels of French society, transcending social, sex, and age barriers. Biblioth\u00E8que bleue is in origin a term for a publishing scheme introduced 1602 in Troyes by the brothers Jean and Nicolas Oudot, in association with the family of Claude Garnier (1535-1589), who had been printer to the king. Oudot produced prints in low quality and small format. Sold with a blue paper cover, these brochure-like products came to be known as livres bleus, or \"blue books\". The content matter was at first limited to local ephemera, but it was soon popularized and imitated in other cities such as Rouen, Angers, Caen, Limoges, Avignon, Dinan, \u00C9pinal, and perhaps as many as sixty other towns, sold in urban bookshops and carted off into the countryside by itinerant colporteurs (peddlers). This wide distribution represented the historical origin of \"popular mass media\" in France. Later in the 17th century, the Biblioth\u00E8que bleue in Troyes became a family business run by the sons of Jean Oudot, Jean II and Jacques I, later Nicolas II and Nicolas III. The Oudot business soon encountered competition, notably by the Garnier family. Nicolas III in 1665 married the daughter of a Paris librarian and established himself in the capital, and began to publish in great quantities, on subject matters including theatre, storybook (especially prose retellings of medieval verse novels such as Fierabras, Robert le Diable, and Jean de Paris), satire (roman picaresque), religious literature, almanacs, manuals on etiquette, cookbooks, songbooks and astrology, etc.After the death of Nicholas II, his widow continued the Troyes business, and became known throughout the kingdom as the veuve Oudot (widow Oudot), by the 18th century attaining a near-monopoly in the genre. Oudot went out of business in 1760, due to new legislation limiting the right to reprint works. Garnier persisted into the Republican era, but went bankrupt 1830, as their business model had become outdated and could no longer compete with modern forms of printing publishing led by Louis Hachette and as a result of the centralization of the primary educational system. A significant collection of Biblioth\u00E8que bleue volumes is located at the ."@en . . .