"\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3001\u7279\u306B\u8A18\u61B6\u88C5\u7F6E\u3068\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u8EE2\u9001\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\uFF08\u82F1: Block\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u3042\u308B\u4E00\u5B9A\u306E\u9577\u3055\uFF08\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u30B5\u30A4\u30BA\uFF09\u306E\u30D0\u30A4\u30C8\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30D3\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u4E26\u3073\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306F\u300C\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u5316\u300D\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u5316\u306F\u3001\u305D\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u53D6\u308B\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u30D7\u30ED\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u88C5\u7F6E\u306E\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u62BD\u8C61\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC\u30E0\u3092\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u304F\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u305F\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001 \n* \u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u304CHDD\u306A\u3069\u306E\u5916\u90E8\u30C7\u30D0\u30A4\u30B9\u3068\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u8AAD\u307F\u66F8\u304D\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30FC\u30B9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \n* \u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u30D9\u30FC\u30B9\u7BA1\u7406\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0(DBMS)\u304C\u8A18\u61B6\u88C5\u7F6E\u3068\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u3084\u308A\u53D6\u308A\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30FC\u30B9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \n* \u30D5\u30E9\u30C3\u30B7\u30E5\u30E1\u30E2\u30EA\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6D88\u53BB\u64CD\u4F5C\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3082\u306E\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "y"@en . . "\uC804\uC0B0 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C(\uC815\uD655\uD788 \uB9D0\uD574, \uB370\uC774\uD130 \uC804\uC1A1\uACFC \uAE30\uC5B5 \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0\uC11C) \uBE14\uB85D(block)\uC740 \uAE30\uC5B5 \uACF5\uAC04\uC744 \uB098\uB204\uB294 \uB2E8\uC704\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF (\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF)"@ja . . . "W informatyce (w szczeg\u00F3lno\u015Bci transmisji danych i przechowywania danych), czasami nazywany rekordem fizycznym, to sekwencja bajt\u00F3w lub bit\u00F3w, porcja informacji, zwykle zawieraj\u0105ca pewn\u0105 liczb\u0119 rekord\u00F3w o okre\u015Blonej maksymalnej d\u0142ugo\u015Bci jako rozmiar bloku. Pogrupowane w bloki dane s\u0105 zwykle przechowywane w buforze danych i odczytywane lub zapisywane s\u0105 jako ca\u0142y blok na raz. Grupowanie blokowe (grupowanie w bloki, blokowanie) zmniejsza obci\u0105\u017Cenie i przyspiesza obs\u0142ug\u0119 strumienia danych. W przypadku niekt\u00F3rych urz\u0105dze\u0144, takich jak ta\u015Bmy magnetyczne i urz\u0105dzenia dysk\u00F3w CKD, grupowanie w bloki zmniejsza ilo\u015B\u0107 pami\u0119ci zewn\u0119trznej wymaganej dla danych. U\u017Cycie blok\u00F3w jest niemal powszechnie stosowane przy przechowywaniu danych na 9-\u015Bcie\u017Ckowej ta\u015Bmie magnetycznej, pami\u0119ci flash NAND i no\u015Bnikach o"@pl . "(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Block)\u200F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u060C \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u062C\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A physical record \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064A\u062A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062A \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062D\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u062C\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 ."@ar . "In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size. Data thus structured are said to be blocked. The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash me"@en . . . . "\u5728\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u6280\u672F\u4E2D\uFF08\u7279\u522B\u662F\u6570\u636E\u4F20\u8F93\u548C\u6570\u636E\u5B58\u50A8\uFF09\uFF0C\u5757\u662F\u4E00\u6BB5\u6807\u51C6\u957F\u5EA6\uFF08\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\uFF09\u7684\u5B57\u8282\u6216\u4F4D\u5143\u3002\u6570\u636E\u5757\u662F\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u50A8\u5B58\u7684\u6700\u5C0F\u5355\u5143\u3002\u662F\u6784\u6210\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u533A\u95F4\u7684\u5355\u4F4D\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u7A0B\u5E8F\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u6570\u636E\u6D41\u65F6\uFF0C\u5757\u5316\u6570\u636E\u53EF\u4EE5\u7B80\u5316\u5904\u7406\u8FC7\u7A0B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4E00\u6B21\u4F1A\u8BFB\u53D6\u4E00\u4E2A\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u5757\u3002\u54119\u8F68\u78C1\u5E26\u3001\u65CB\u8F6C\u4ECB\u8D28\u5982\u8F6F\u76D8\u3001\u786C\u76D8\u3001\u5149\u76D8\u548CNAND\u95EA\u5B58\u5B58\u50A8\u6570\u636E\u65F6\uFF0C\u5757\u5316\u6570\u636E\u51E0\u4E4E\u662F\u552F\u4E00\u7684\u9009\u62E9\u3002 \u5927\u591A\u6570\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u90FD\u662F\u57FA\u4E8E\u5757\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u5373\u5B58\u53D6\u89C4\u5B9A\u6570\u636E\u5757\u7684\u786C\u4EF6\u62BD\u8C61\u5C42\u3002\u6709\u65F6\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\u7684\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u7269\u7406\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u51E0\u500D\u3002\u4F20\u7EDF\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5355\u4E2A\u5757\u53EF\u80FD\u53EA\u5305\u542B\u5355\u4E2A\u6587\u4EF6\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u3002\u4F46\u7531\u4E8E\u6587\u4EF6\u957F\u5EA6\u901A\u5E38\u4E0D\u662F\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500D\uFF0C\u8FD9\u6837\u6587\u4EF6\u7684\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u5757\u4E0D\u4F1A\u5B8C\u5168\u586B\u6EE1\uFF0C\u7531\u6B64\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u5185\u90E8\u788E\u7247\u4F1A\u5BFC\u81F4\u7A7A\u95F4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4E0D\u9AD8\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\u4F1A\u6709\uFF08slack space\uFF09\uFF0C\u5E73\u5747\u6BCF\u4E2A\u6587\u4EF6\u534A\u5757\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u8F83\u65B0\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4F1A\u7528\u6280\u672F\u89E3\u51B3\u5B83\u3002 \u5757\u5B58\u50A8\u7ECF\u5E38\u7531\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u6216\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF08DBMS\uFF09\u62BD\u8C61\u51FA\u6765\uFF0C\u63D0\u4F9B\u7ED9\u5E94\u7528\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6216\u6700\u7EC8\u7528\u6237\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903B\u8F91\u5377\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u5757I/O\u8BBF\u95EE\uFF0C\u80CC\u540E\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u901A\u8FC7SCSI\u6216\u5149\u7EA4\u901A\u9053\u76F4\u63A5\u8FDE\u63A5\u670D\u52A1\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90E8\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7iSCSI\u3001AoE\u7B49\u534F\u8BAE\u8BBF\u95EE\u5B58\u50A8\u533A\u57DF\u7F51\u7EDC\uFF08SAN\uFF09\u7684\u8FDC\u7A0B\u8BBE\u5907\u3002\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u7CFB\u7EDF\u901A\u5E38\u4F7F\u7528\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u5757I/O\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5728DBMS\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E4B\u4E0A\u63D0\u9AD8\u6027\u80FD\u548C\u53EF\u6062\u590D\u6027\u3002"@zh . . . . "Datenblock"@de . . "Un bloque, en inform\u00E1tica, es la cantidad m\u00E1s peque\u00F1a de datos que pueden transferirse en una operaci\u00F3n de entrada/salida entre la memoria principal de un ordenador y los dispositivos perif\u00E9ricos o viceversa. \n* Datos: Q1146944"@es . "\u5728\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u6280\u672F\u4E2D\uFF08\u7279\u522B\u662F\u6570\u636E\u4F20\u8F93\u548C\u6570\u636E\u5B58\u50A8\uFF09\uFF0C\u5757\u662F\u4E00\u6BB5\u6807\u51C6\u957F\u5EA6\uFF08\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\uFF09\u7684\u5B57\u8282\u6216\u4F4D\u5143\u3002\u6570\u636E\u5757\u662F\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u50A8\u5B58\u7684\u6700\u5C0F\u5355\u5143\u3002\u662F\u6784\u6210\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u533A\u95F4\u7684\u5355\u4F4D\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u7A0B\u5E8F\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u6570\u636E\u6D41\u65F6\uFF0C\u5757\u5316\u6570\u636E\u53EF\u4EE5\u7B80\u5316\u5904\u7406\u8FC7\u7A0B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4E00\u6B21\u4F1A\u8BFB\u53D6\u4E00\u4E2A\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u5757\u3002\u54119\u8F68\u78C1\u5E26\u3001\u65CB\u8F6C\u4ECB\u8D28\u5982\u8F6F\u76D8\u3001\u786C\u76D8\u3001\u5149\u76D8\u548CNAND\u95EA\u5B58\u5B58\u50A8\u6570\u636E\u65F6\uFF0C\u5757\u5316\u6570\u636E\u51E0\u4E4E\u662F\u552F\u4E00\u7684\u9009\u62E9\u3002 \u5927\u591A\u6570\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u90FD\u662F\u57FA\u4E8E\u5757\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u5373\u5B58\u53D6\u89C4\u5B9A\u6570\u636E\u5757\u7684\u786C\u4EF6\u62BD\u8C61\u5C42\u3002\u6709\u65F6\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\u7684\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u7269\u7406\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u51E0\u500D\u3002\u4F20\u7EDF\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5355\u4E2A\u5757\u53EF\u80FD\u53EA\u5305\u542B\u5355\u4E2A\u6587\u4EF6\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u3002\u4F46\u7531\u4E8E\u6587\u4EF6\u957F\u5EA6\u901A\u5E38\u4E0D\u662F\u5757\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500D\uFF0C\u8FD9\u6837\u6587\u4EF6\u7684\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u5757\u4E0D\u4F1A\u5B8C\u5168\u586B\u6EE1\uFF0C\u7531\u6B64\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u5185\u90E8\u788E\u7247\u4F1A\u5BFC\u81F4\u7A7A\u95F4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4E0D\u9AD8\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\u4F1A\u6709\uFF08slack space\uFF09\uFF0C\u5E73\u5747\u6BCF\u4E2A\u6587\u4EF6\u534A\u5757\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u8F83\u65B0\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4F1A\u7528\u6280\u672F\u89E3\u51B3\u5B83\u3002 \u5757\u5B58\u50A8\u7ECF\u5E38\u7531\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u6216\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF08DBMS\uFF09\u62BD\u8C61\u51FA\u6765\uFF0C\u63D0\u4F9B\u7ED9\u5E94\u7528\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6216\u6700\u7EC8\u7528\u6237\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903B\u8F91\u5377\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u5757I/O\u8BBF\u95EE\uFF0C\u80CC\u540E\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u901A\u8FC7SCSI\u6216\u5149\u7EA4\u901A\u9053\u76F4\u63A5\u8FDE\u63A5\u670D\u52A1\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90E8\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7iSCSI\u3001AoE\u7B49\u534F\u8BAE\u8BBF\u95EE\u5B58\u50A8\u533A\u57DF\u7F51\u7EDC\uFF08SAN\uFF09\u7684\u8FDC\u7A0B\u8BBE\u5907\u3002\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u7BA1\u7406\u7CFB\u7EDF\u901A\u5E38\u4F7F\u7528\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u5757I/O\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5728DBMS\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E4B\u4E0A\u63D0\u9AD8\u6027\u80FD\u548C\u53EF\u6062\u590D\u6027\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "Bloco (armazenamento de dados)"@pt . . . "Bloque (inform\u00E1tica)"@es . . . "\uBE14\uB85D (\uCEF4\uD4E8\uD305)"@ko . "Ein Datenblock (lehn\u00FCbersetzt aus dem englischen data block) ist eine begrenzte, fallweise festgelegte Anzahl von Bits oder Bytes, die als Transporteinheit behandelt wird. Historisch bedingt wurde und wird daf\u00FCr, auf hardwarenaher Ebene der , auch oft der Begriff Sektor verwendet. Der Blockaufbau und die Blockelemente entsprechen den betreffenden Kommunikationsprotokollen."@de . . "March 2020"@en . . . "\uC804\uC0B0 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C(\uC815\uD655\uD788 \uB9D0\uD574, \uB370\uC774\uD130 \uC804\uC1A1\uACFC \uAE30\uC5B5 \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0\uC11C) \uBE14\uB85D(block)\uC740 \uAE30\uC5B5 \uACF5\uAC04\uC744 \uB098\uB204\uB294 \uB2E8\uC704\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3001\u7279\u306B\u8A18\u61B6\u88C5\u7F6E\u3068\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u8EE2\u9001\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\uFF08\u82F1: Block\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u3042\u308B\u4E00\u5B9A\u306E\u9577\u3055\uFF08\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u30B5\u30A4\u30BA\uFF09\u306E\u30D0\u30A4\u30C8\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30D3\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u4E26\u3073\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306F\u300C\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u5316\u300D\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30D6\u30ED\u30C3\u30AF\u5316\u306F\u3001\u305D\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u53D6\u308B\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u30D7\u30ED\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u88C5\u7F6E\u306E\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u62BD\u8C61\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC\u30E0\u3092\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u304F\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u305F\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001 \n* \u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u304CHDD\u306A\u3069\u306E\u5916\u90E8\u30C7\u30D0\u30A4\u30B9\u3068\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u8AAD\u307F\u66F8\u304D\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30FC\u30B9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \n* \u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u30D9\u30FC\u30B9\u7BA1\u7406\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0(DBMS)\u304C\u8A18\u61B6\u88C5\u7F6E\u3068\u306E\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u3084\u308A\u53D6\u308A\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30FC\u30B9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \n* \u30D5\u30E9\u30C3\u30B7\u30E5\u30E1\u30E2\u30EA\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6D88\u53BB\u64CD\u4F5C\u3092\u884C\u3046\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3082\u306E\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Em computa\u00E7\u00E3o (especificamente em transmiss\u00E3o de dados e armazenamento de dados), um bloco, algumas vezes chamado de registro f\u00EDsico, \u00E9 uma sequ\u00EAncia de bytes ou bits, normalmente contendo algum n\u00FAmero completo de registros, que possui um tamanho m\u00E1ximo, chamado de tamanho de bloco. Aos dados estruturados desta forma diz-se que est\u00E3o blocados. O processo de colocar dados em blocos \u00E9 denominado blocagem, enquanto que a desblocagem \u00E9 o processo de extra\u00E7\u00E3o de dados dos blocos. Dados blocados normalmente s\u00E3o armazenados em um buffer de dados e lidos ou escritos um bloco inteiro de cada vez. A blocagem reduz a sobrecarga e acelera a manipula\u00E7\u00E3o de fluxos de dados. Para alguns dispositivos, como fitas magn\u00E9ticas e , a blocagem reduz a quantidade de armazenamento externo necess\u00E1rio para os dados, ademais ela \u00E9 quase que universalmente empregada quando se armazena dados em fitas magn\u00E9ticas de 9 trilhas, mem\u00F3ria flash NAND e m\u00EDdias rotativas, como disquetes, HDs e discos \u00F3pticos. A maioria dos sistema de arquivos s\u00E3o baseados em um dispositivo de bloco, que \u00E9 um n\u00EDvel de abstra\u00E7\u00E3o para o hardware respons\u00E1vel por armazenar e recuperar blocos de dados especificados, apesar do tamanho do bloco em sistemas de arquivos poder ser um m\u00FAltiplo do tamanho do bloco f\u00EDsico. Isso leva \u00E0 inefici\u00EAncia do espa\u00E7o devido \u00E0 fragmenta\u00E7\u00E3o interna, uma vez que os comprimentos dos arquivos geralmente n\u00E3o s\u00E3o m\u00FAltiplos inteiros do tamanho de bloco e, portanto, o \u00FAltimo bloco de um arquivo pode permanecer parcialmente vazio. Isso criar\u00E1 espa\u00E7o de folga. Alguns sistemas de arquivos mais recentes, como o Btrfs e o UFS2 do FreeBSD, tentam resolver isso atrav\u00E9s de t\u00E9cnicas chamadas de . Outros sistemas de arquivos, como o ZFS, suportam tamanhos de blocos vari\u00E1veis. O armazenamento de blocos \u00E9 normalmente abstra\u00EDdo por um sistema de arquivos ou um sistema de gerenciamento de banco de dados (SGBD) para uso por aplicativos e usu\u00E1rios finais. Os volumes f\u00EDsicos ou l\u00F3gicos acessados por meio de E/S de bloco podem ser dispositivos internos de um servidor, conectados diretamente via SCSI ou Fibre Channel, ou dispositivos remotos acessados por meio de uma storage area network (SAN) usando protocolos como iSCSI ou . Sistemas de gerenciamento de banco de dados frequentemente usam seus pr\u00F3prios E/S de bloco para melhorar o desempenho e a capacidade de recupera\u00E7\u00E3o, em compara\u00E7\u00E3o com o SGBD no topo de um sistema de arquivos."@pt . . . "6199"^^ . . . . "Blok danych"@pl . . "In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size. Data thus structured are said to be blocked. The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs. Most file systems are based on a block device, which is a level of abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. This leads to space inefficiency due to internal fragmentation, since file lengths are often not integer multiples of block size, and thus the last block of a file may remain partially empty. This will create slack space. Some newer file systems, such as Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2, attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging. Other file systems such as ZFS support variable block sizes. Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system (DBMS) for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via block I/O may be devices internal to a server, directly attached via SCSI or Fibre Channel, or distant devices accessed via a storage area network (SAN) using a protocol such as iSCSI, or AoE. DBMSes often use their own block I/O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the DBMS on top of a file system."@en . . . . "\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 (\u062A\u062E\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A)"@ar . . . . "Em computa\u00E7\u00E3o (especificamente em transmiss\u00E3o de dados e armazenamento de dados), um bloco, algumas vezes chamado de registro f\u00EDsico, \u00E9 uma sequ\u00EAncia de bytes ou bits, normalmente contendo algum n\u00FAmero completo de registros, que possui um tamanho m\u00E1ximo, chamado de tamanho de bloco. Aos dados estruturados desta forma diz-se que est\u00E3o blocados. O processo de colocar dados em blocos \u00E9 denominado blocagem, enquanto que a desblocagem \u00E9 o processo de extra\u00E7\u00E3o de dados dos blocos. Dados blocados normalmente s\u00E3o armazenados em um buffer de dados e lidos ou escritos um bloco inteiro de cada vez. A blocagem reduz a sobrecarga e acelera a manipula\u00E7\u00E3o de fluxos de dados. Para alguns dispositivos, como fitas magn\u00E9ticas e , a blocagem reduz a quantidade de armazenamento externo necess\u00E1rio para os dados"@pt . "\u0411\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (block device) \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 UNIX/Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0445, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043A \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0435. \u0421 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u043D \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u041A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0430, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0443\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0435\u043D \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F. \u0422\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u044B \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A, CD-ROM, \u041D\u0413\u041C\u0414. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 /dev/fd0 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u043F\u043F\u0438-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0430:"@ru . . "1116944225"^^ . . . "\u5757 (\u6570\u636E\u5B58\u50A8)"@zh . . . . . "Un bloque, en inform\u00E1tica, es la cantidad m\u00E1s peque\u00F1a de datos que pueden transferirse en una operaci\u00F3n de entrada/salida entre la memoria principal de un ordenador y los dispositivos perif\u00E9ricos o viceversa. El tama\u00F1o del bloque o registro f\u00EDsico depender\u00E1 de las caracter\u00EDsticas del ordenador. En la mayor\u00EDa de los casos el tama\u00F1o del bloque suele ser mayor que el del registro l\u00F3gico. La adaptaci\u00F3n consiste en empaquetar en cada bloque tantos registros l\u00F3gicos como se pueda. El empaquetamiento puede ser de tipo fuerte o d\u00E9bil, seg\u00FAn que se permita o no aprovechar el sobrante de un bloque, situando registros a caballo entre dos bloques contiguos. \n* Datos: Q1146944"@es . . . . "Blok (datov\u00E9 \u00FAlo\u017Ei\u0161t\u011B)"@cs . . . . . . . "313667"^^ . . . . "Blok (fyzick\u00FD z\u00E1znam, anglicky block, physical record) je v informatice posloupnost bajt\u016F nebo bit\u016F ur\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED mno\u017Estv\u00ED dat, kter\u00E9 je ze za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED pro ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED dat \u010Dteno/zapisov\u00E1no najednou, tj. v bloku. Nap\u0159\u00EDklad pevn\u00E9 disky pou\u017E\u00EDvaly velikost bloku 512 bajt\u016F, nyn\u00ED pou\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED 4096 bajt\u016F. Vstupn\u011B/v\u00FDstupn\u00ED za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED pracuj\u00EDc\u00ED s bloky je naz\u00FDv\u00E1no blokov\u00E9 za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED. Opa\u010Dn\u00FDm typem je znakov\u00E9 za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED, kter\u00E9 pracuje s jednotliv\u00FDmi znaky/bajty (nap\u0159\u00EDklad USB port). Seskupov\u00E1n\u00ED (shlukov\u00E1n\u00ED) dat je anglicky naz\u00FDv\u00E1no blocking, opa\u010Dn\u00FD proces deblocking. Blok (fyzick\u00FD z\u00E1znam) m\u00E1 pro dan\u00E9 za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED ur\u010Ditou (maxim\u00E1ln\u00ED) d\u00E9lku resp. velikost bloku."@cs . . "Blok (fyzick\u00FD z\u00E1znam, anglicky block, physical record) je v informatice posloupnost bajt\u016F nebo bit\u016F ur\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED mno\u017Estv\u00ED dat, kter\u00E9 je ze za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED pro ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED dat \u010Dteno/zapisov\u00E1no najednou, tj. v bloku. Nap\u0159\u00EDklad pevn\u00E9 disky pou\u017E\u00EDvaly velikost bloku 512 bajt\u016F, nyn\u00ED pou\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED 4096 bajt\u016F. Vstupn\u011B/v\u00FDstupn\u00ED za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED pracuj\u00EDc\u00ED s bloky je naz\u00FDv\u00E1no blokov\u00E9 za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED. Opa\u010Dn\u00FDm typem je znakov\u00E9 za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED, kter\u00E9 pracuje s jednotliv\u00FDmi znaky/bajty (nap\u0159\u00EDklad USB port)."@cs . "Ein Datenblock (lehn\u00FCbersetzt aus dem englischen data block) ist eine begrenzte, fallweise festgelegte Anzahl von Bits oder Bytes, die als Transporteinheit behandelt wird. Historisch bedingt wurde und wird daf\u00FCr, auf hardwarenaher Ebene der , auch oft der Begriff Sektor verwendet. Der Blockaufbau und die Blockelemente entsprechen den betreffenden Kommunikationsprotokollen."@de . . . 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\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063A\u0629 \u062C\u0632\u0626\u064A\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u062E\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063A\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u062F\u062B\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0628\u064A \u062A\u064A \u0622\u0631 \u0625\u0641 \u0625\u0633 Btrfs \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064A \u0628\u064A \u0625\u0633 \u062F\u064A FreeBSD UFS2\u060C \u062A\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062D\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064A \u0648\u062F\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0632\u064A \u0625\u0641 \u0625\u0633 ZFS \u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u062D\u062C\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643."@ar . "W informatyce (w szczeg\u00F3lno\u015Bci transmisji danych i przechowywania danych), czasami nazywany rekordem fizycznym, to sekwencja bajt\u00F3w lub bit\u00F3w, porcja informacji, zwykle zawieraj\u0105ca pewn\u0105 liczb\u0119 rekord\u00F3w o okre\u015Blonej maksymalnej d\u0142ugo\u015Bci jako rozmiar bloku. Pogrupowane w bloki dane s\u0105 zwykle przechowywane w buforze danych i odczytywane lub zapisywane s\u0105 jako ca\u0142y blok na raz. Grupowanie blokowe (grupowanie w bloki, blokowanie) zmniejsza obci\u0105\u017Cenie i przyspiesza obs\u0142ug\u0119 strumienia danych. W przypadku niekt\u00F3rych urz\u0105dze\u0144, takich jak ta\u015Bmy magnetyczne i urz\u0105dzenia dysk\u00F3w CKD, grupowanie w bloki zmniejsza ilo\u015B\u0107 pami\u0119ci zewn\u0119trznej wymaganej dla danych. U\u017Cycie blok\u00F3w jest niemal powszechnie stosowane przy przechowywaniu danych na 9-\u015Bcie\u017Ckowej ta\u015Bmie magnetycznej, pami\u0119ci flash NAND i no\u015Bnikach obrotowych, takich jak dyskietki, dyski twarde i dyski optyczne. Wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 system\u00F3w plik\u00F3w opiera si\u0119 na urz\u0105dzeniu blokowym, kt\u00F3re jest poziomem abstrakcji dla sprz\u0119tu odpowiedzialnego za przechowywanie i pobieranie okre\u015Blonych blok\u00F3w danych, chocia\u017C rozmiar bloku w systemach plik\u00F3w mo\u017Ce by\u0107 wielokrotno\u015Bci\u0105 fizycznego rozmiaru bloku. Prowadzi to do nieefektywno\u015Bci miejsca z powodu wewn\u0119trznej fragmentacji, poniewa\u017C d\u0142ugo\u015Bci plik\u00F3w cz\u0119sto nie s\u0105 ca\u0142kowitymi wielokrotno\u015Bciami rozmiaru bloku, a zatem ostatni blok pliku mo\u017Ce pozosta\u0107 cz\u0119\u015Bciowo pusty. Pami\u0119\u0107 blokowa jest zwykle wydzielona przez system plik\u00F3w lub system zarz\u0105dzania baz\u0105 danych (DBMS) do u\u017Cytku przez aplikacje i u\u017Cytkownik\u00F3w ko\u0144cowych. Fizyczne lub logiczne woluminy, do kt\u00F3rych mo\u017Cna uzyska\u0107 dost\u0119p za po\u015Brednictwem blokowego wej\u015Bcia/wyj\u015Bcia, mog\u0105 by\u0107 urz\u0105dzeniami wewn\u0119trznymi serwera, pod\u0142\u0105czonymi bezpo\u015Brednio za po\u015Brednictwem SCSI lub Fibre Channel lub odleg\u0142ymi urz\u0105dzeniami dost\u0119pnymi za po\u015Brednictwem sieci pami\u0119ci masowej (SAN) przy u\u017Cyciu protoko\u0142u takiego jak iSCSI lub . DBMS cz\u0119sto u\u017Cywaj\u0105 w\u0142asnych blokowych wej\u015B\u0107/wyj\u015B\u0107 dla lepszej wydajno\u015Bci i mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci odzyskiwania w por\u00F3wnaniu z nak\u0142adaniem DBMS na system plik\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . . . "\u0411\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . "Block (data storage)"@en . . . . . . "\u0411\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (block device) \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 UNIX/Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0445, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043A \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0435. \u0421 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u043D \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u041A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0430, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0443\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0435\u043D \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F. \u0422\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u044B \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A, CD-ROM, \u041D\u0413\u041C\u0414. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 /dev/fd0 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u043F\u043F\u0438-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0430: $ ls -l /dev/fd0brw-rw---- 1 root floppy 2, 0 Jan 1 11:17 /dev/fd0 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u044B\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0435 ls (ls -l) \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0431\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432\u0430 b (block). \u0412\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u044F\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u0436\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (major and minor numbers). \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043F \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u2014 \u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B."@ru . . . . .