. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle f\u00FCr Open-Source-Software entstehen dadurch, dass Open-Source-Software sowohl als eigenst\u00E4ndige Anwendung als auch als Komponente in Nicht-Open-Source-Anwendungen weit verbreitet ist. Kunden k\u00F6nnen bereit sein, offene Technologien zu kommerziellen Bedingungen zu nutzen (und damit f\u00FCr Open-Source-Software zu bezahlen), wenn ein zus\u00E4tzlicher Wert geschaffen wird. Dies kann der Fall sein durch angebotenen Rechtsschutz (z. B. Haftungsfreistellung von Urheberrechts- oder Patentverletzungen), professionelle Qualit\u00E4tssicherung oder professionellen Support/Training/Beratung, die sonst typisch f\u00FCr kommerzielle Software sind. In diesem Fall k\u00F6nnen Kunden weiterhin von den Vorteilen von Open-Source-Software wie eine einer feink\u00F6rnigen Steuerung und einen fehlenden Lock-in-Effekt profi"@de . . . . . . . . . . . "Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle f\u00FCr Open-Source-Software"@de . . . . . . . . . "Business models for open-source software"@en . . . . . . . . . "Les logiciels open source sont largement utilis\u00E9s aussi bien comme des applications ind\u00E9pendantes que comme des composants d'applications non open source. De nombreux fournisseurs de logiciels ind\u00E9pendants (Independent Software Vendors ou ISV), revendeurs \u00E0 valeur ajout\u00E9e (Value-Added Resellers ou VAR), mat\u00E9riels et fournisseurs (OEM ou ODM) utilisent des infrastructures open source, des modules et des biblioth\u00E8ques au sein de leurs produits propri\u00E9taires et commerciaux. D'un point de vue client, la capacit\u00E9 \u00E0 utiliser les technologies ouvertes \u00E0 titre commercial est particuli\u00E8rement importante. En couvrant \u00E9ventuellement le risque juridique li\u00E9 par exemple \u00E0 l'indemnisation de droit d'auteur ou de violation de brevet, il est en effet possible de b\u00E9n\u00E9ficier de logiciels d'une qualit\u00E9 souve"@fr . . . . . . . . "1124095968"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "16982989"^^ . "\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u305D\u306E\u3082\u306E\u306E\u30A2\u30D7\u30EA\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u304A\u3088\u3073\u975E\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u306E\u30A2\u30D7\u30EA\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u30B3\u30F3\u30DD\u30FC\u30CD\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\uFF08ISV\uFF09\u3001\u30CF\u30FC\u30C9\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\uFF08OEM\u3001ODM\uFF09\u3001\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u30BB\u30E9\u30FC\uFF08VAR\uFF09\u306F\u5F7C\u3089\u306E\u88FD\u54C1\u3001\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3001\u30B5\u30FC\u30D3\u30B9\u306B\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30D5\u30EC\u30FC\u30E0\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u3001\u30E9\u30A4\u30D6\u30E9\u30EA\u3001\u30E2\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306F\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u3092\u958B\u793A\u3057\u3001\u5229\u7528\u3001\u4FEE\u6B63\u3001\u518D\u9812\u5E03\u3092\u8A8D\u3081\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u6027\u304B\u3089\u53CE\u76CA\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3092\u6210\u7ACB\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u96E3\u3057\u304F\u3001\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u306E\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u78BA\u7ACB\u304C\u8A66\u884C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mod\u00E8les \u00E9conomiques des logiciels open source"@fr . . . . . "Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle f\u00FCr Open-Source-Software entstehen dadurch, dass Open-Source-Software sowohl als eigenst\u00E4ndige Anwendung als auch als Komponente in Nicht-Open-Source-Anwendungen weit verbreitet ist. Kunden k\u00F6nnen bereit sein, offene Technologien zu kommerziellen Bedingungen zu nutzen (und damit f\u00FCr Open-Source-Software zu bezahlen), wenn ein zus\u00E4tzlicher Wert geschaffen wird. Dies kann der Fall sein durch angebotenen Rechtsschutz (z. B. Haftungsfreistellung von Urheberrechts- oder Patentverletzungen), professionelle Qualit\u00E4tssicherung oder professionellen Support/Training/Beratung, die sonst typisch f\u00FCr kommerzielle Software sind. In diesem Fall k\u00F6nnen Kunden weiterhin von den Vorteilen von Open-Source-Software wie eine einer feink\u00F6rnigen Steuerung und einen fehlenden Lock-in-Effekt profitieren. Open-Source-Software wird weiterhin als Komponente innerhalb von propriet\u00E4ren, kommerziellen Produkten und Dienstleistungen von vielen unabh\u00E4ngigen Softwareanbietern (ISVs), Value-Added-Resellern (VARs) und Hardwareanbietern (OEMs oder ODMs) in Frameworks, Modulen und Bibliotheken verwendet."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les logiciels open source sont largement utilis\u00E9s aussi bien comme des applications ind\u00E9pendantes que comme des composants d'applications non open source. De nombreux fournisseurs de logiciels ind\u00E9pendants (Independent Software Vendors ou ISV), revendeurs \u00E0 valeur ajout\u00E9e (Value-Added Resellers ou VAR), mat\u00E9riels et fournisseurs (OEM ou ODM) utilisent des infrastructures open source, des modules et des biblioth\u00E8ques au sein de leurs produits propri\u00E9taires et commerciaux. D'un point de vue client, la capacit\u00E9 \u00E0 utiliser les technologies ouvertes \u00E0 titre commercial est particuli\u00E8rement importante. En couvrant \u00E9ventuellement le risque juridique li\u00E9 par exemple \u00E0 l'indemnisation de droit d'auteur ou de violation de brevet, il est en effet possible de b\u00E9n\u00E9ficier de logiciels d'une qualit\u00E9 souvent \u00E9quivalente ou sup\u00E9rieure aux applications commerciales d'\u00E9diteurs non open source, et de garanties professionnelles de support, en \u00E9vitant les probl\u00E9matiques classiques d'enfermement et en contr\u00F4lant sa propre feuille de route[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u305D\u306E\u3082\u306E\u306E\u30A2\u30D7\u30EA\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u304A\u3088\u3073\u975E\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u306E\u30A2\u30D7\u30EA\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u30B3\u30F3\u30DD\u30FC\u30CD\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\uFF08ISV\uFF09\u3001\u30CF\u30FC\u30C9\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\uFF08OEM\u3001ODM\uFF09\u3001\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u30BB\u30E9\u30FC\uFF08VAR\uFF09\u306F\u5F7C\u3089\u306E\u88FD\u54C1\u3001\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3001\u30B5\u30FC\u30D3\u30B9\u306B\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30D5\u30EC\u30FC\u30E0\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u3001\u30E9\u30A4\u30D6\u30E9\u30EA\u3001\u30E2\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306F\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u306E\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u3092\u958B\u793A\u3057\u3001\u5229\u7528\u3001\u4FEE\u6B63\u3001\u518D\u9812\u5E03\u3092\u8A8D\u3081\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u6027\u304B\u3089\u53CE\u76CA\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3092\u6210\u7ACB\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u96E3\u3057\u304F\u3001\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u306E\u30D3\u30B8\u30CD\u30B9\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u78BA\u7ACB\u304C\u8A66\u884C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . "Companies whose business centers on the development of open-source software employ a variety of business models to solve the challenge of how to make money providing software that is by definition licensed free of charge. Each of these business strategies rests on the premise that users of open-source technologies are willing to purchase additional software features under proprietary licenses, or purchase other services or elements of value that complement the open-source software that is core to the business. This additional value can be, but not limited to, enterprise-grade features and up-time guarantees (often via a service-level agreement) to satisfy business or compliance requirements, performance and efficiency gains by features not yet available in the open source version, legal pr"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0441-\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044F \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u041E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 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SourceForge, \u043A \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0439-\u043D\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044C \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0435. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u0451\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438. \u0418\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "71985"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u0411\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0441-\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Companies whose business centers on the development of open-source software employ a variety of business models to solve the challenge of how to make money providing software that is by definition licensed free of charge. Each of these business strategies rests on the premise that users of open-source technologies are willing to purchase additional software features under proprietary licenses, or purchase other services or elements of value that complement the open-source software that is core to the business. This additional value can be, but not limited to, enterprise-grade features and up-time guarantees (often via a service-level agreement) to satisfy business or compliance requirements, performance and efficiency gains by features not yet available in the open source version, legal protection (e.g., indemnification from copyright or patent infringement), or professional support/training/consulting that are typical of proprietary software applications. Historically, these business models started in the late 1990s and early 2000s as \"dual-licensing\" models, for example MySQL, and have matured over time to include many variations, as described in the sections below. Pure dual licensing models are not uncommon, as a more nuanced business approach to open source software businesses has developed. Many of these variations are referred to an \"open core\" model, where the companies develop both open source software elements and other elements of value for a combined product. A variety of open-source compatible business approaches have gained prominence in recent years, as illustrated and tracked by the Commercial Open Source Software Index (COSSI), a list of commercial open source companies that have reached at least US$100 million in revenue. Notable examples include open core (sometimes referred to as dual licensing or multi-licensing), software as a service (not charging for the software but for the tooling and platform to consume the software as a service often via subscription), freemium, donation-based funding, crowdfunding, and crowdsourcing. There are several different types of business models for making profit using open-source software (OSS) or funding the creation and ongoing development and maintenance. Below are a list of current existing and legal commercial business models approaches in context of open-source software and open-source licenses. The acceptance of these approaches varies; some of these approaches are recommended (like open core and selling services), others are accepted, while still others are considered controversial or even unethical by the open-source community. The underlying objective of these business models is to harness the size and international scope of the open-source community (typically more than an order of magnitude larger than what would be achieved with closed-source software equivalents) for a sustainable commercial venture. The vast majority of commercial open-source companies experience a conversion ratio (as measured by the percentage of downloaders who buy something) well below 1%, so low-cost and highly-scalable marketing and sales functions are key to these firms' profitability."@en . . . . . . . . . . .