. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Captive elephants"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elephants can be found in various captive facilities such as a zoo, sanctuary, circus, or camp, usually under veterinary supervision. They can be used for educational, entertainment, or work purposes. The earliest evidence of captive elephants dates to the Indus Valley Civilization about 4,500 years ago. Since then, captive elephants have been used around the world in war, ceremony, and for manual labor and entertainment. Captive elephants have been kept in animal collections for at least 3,500 years. The first elephant arrived in North America in 1796. London Zoo, the first scientific zoo, housed elephants beginning in 1831. Before the 1980s, zoos obtained their elephants by capturing them from the wild. Increased restrictions on the capture of wild elephants and dwindling wild populations caused zoos to turn to captive breeding. The first successful captive birth in North America of an Asian elephant occurred at Oregon Zoo in 1962, while the first African elephant captive birth occurred at Knoxville Zoological Gardens in 1978. Today, most zoos obtain their elephants primarily through breeding, though occasionally zoos will obtain elephants from semi-captive work camps in Asia or rescue elephants that would otherwise be culled in Africa. Without an increase in birth rates or an influx of wild elephants, practitioners fear that captive elephant populations could become non-viable within 50 years. In 2006, 286 elephants were kept in American zoos (147 African elephants and 139 Asian elephants). Nearly one in three Asian elephants lives in captivity\u2014about 15,000 in total\u2014mostly in work camps, temples, and ecotourism sites in the countries in which they naturally occur. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates the total population of Asian elephants in the wild is 40,000 to 50,000, and that of African elephants in the wild is 400,000 to 600,000."@en . . . . . "Elefanter och m\u00E4nniskan"@sv . . . . . . . "44644"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "37256524"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "1117767302"^^ . . . . . "Elefanter har t\u00E4mjts och tr\u00E4nats av m\u00E4nniskor i mer \u00E4n 4 000 \u00E5r. Under m\u00E4nniskans tidiga historia var elefanten fr\u00E4mst bytesdjur f\u00F6r j\u00E4gare, och tidiga klippm\u00E5lningar i Afrika avbildar p\u00E5 flera st\u00E4llen jakt av elefanter. Asiatisk elefant \u00E4r den elefantvariant som fr\u00E4mst t\u00E4mjts och anv\u00E4nts som dragdjur, inom milit\u00E4ren och som riddjur. \u00C4ven afrikansk elefant kan ha nyttjats som del av en arm\u00E9. Elefanter syns i djurparker och har tidigare varit vanliga p\u00E5 cirkus. Att h\u00E5lla elefanter i f\u00E5ngenskap enkom f\u00F6r att underh\u00E5lla m\u00E4nniskan \u00E4r mycket kontroversiellt."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elephants can be found in various captive facilities such as a zoo, sanctuary, circus, or camp, usually under veterinary supervision. They can be used for educational, entertainment, or work purposes. The earliest evidence of captive elephants dates to the Indus Valley Civilization about 4,500 years ago. Since then, captive elephants have been used around the world in war, ceremony, and for manual labor and entertainment. Captive elephants have been kept in animal collections for at least 3,500 years. The first elephant arrived in North America in 1796. London Zoo, the first scientific zoo, housed elephants beginning in 1831."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elefanter har t\u00E4mjts och tr\u00E4nats av m\u00E4nniskor i mer \u00E4n 4 000 \u00E5r. Under m\u00E4nniskans tidiga historia var elefanten fr\u00E4mst bytesdjur f\u00F6r j\u00E4gare, och tidiga klippm\u00E5lningar i Afrika avbildar p\u00E5 flera st\u00E4llen jakt av elefanter. Asiatisk elefant \u00E4r den elefantvariant som fr\u00E4mst t\u00E4mjts och anv\u00E4nts som dragdjur, inom milit\u00E4ren och som riddjur. \u00C4ven afrikansk elefant kan ha nyttjats som del av en arm\u00E9. Elefanter syns i djurparker och har tidigare varit vanliga p\u00E5 cirkus. Att h\u00E5lla elefanter i f\u00E5ngenskap enkom f\u00F6r att underh\u00E5lla m\u00E4nniskan \u00E4r mycket kontroversiellt."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .