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"Koldioxidinf\u00E5ngning (carbon dioxide removal, CDR), \u00E4ven k\u00E4nt som v\u00E4xthusgasinf\u00E5ngning (greenhouse gas removal, GHG) och negativa utsl\u00E4ppstekniker (negative emission technologies, NETs), \u00E4r en process d\u00E4r koldioxidgas avl\u00E4gsnas fr\u00E5n atmosf\u00E4ren (n\u00E4r termen GHG eller NET anv\u00E4nds kan \u00E4ven andra v\u00E4xthusgaser avses). CDR-metoder innefattar skogsplantering, jordbruksmetoder som binder kol i mark, p\u00E5skyndad vittring, havsg\u00F6dsling, bioenergi med kolinf\u00E5ngning och lagring (bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, BECCS) och direkt luftinf\u00E5ngning (direct air capture, DAC)."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Carbon dioxide removal"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Negative Emissionen \u2013 auch als Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) bezeichnet \u2013 sind Ans\u00E4tze zur Entnahme von Treibhausgasen aus der Atmosph\u00E4re. Sie sind ein elementarer Bestandteil des Konzepts einer Treibhausgasbilanz von Netto-Null, da dabei von menschlichen Aktivit\u00E4ten ausgesto\u00DFene Resttreibhausgasemissionen durch von menschlichen Aktivit\u00E4ten realisierte negative Emissionen Metrik-gewichtet vollst\u00E4ndig ausgeglichen werden. \u00DCbersteigen die negativen Emissionen die Resttreibhausgasemissionen, wird von netto-negativen Treibhausgasemissionen gesprochen. Negative CO2-Emissionen \u2013 auch als Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) bezeichnet \u2013 ist eine Untergruppe von negativen Emissionen, welche eine Entnahme von CO2 aus der Atmosph\u00E4re bewirken. Die Ans\u00E4tze, um negative Emissionen zu realisieren, sind Negative"@de . . . . . . . . . . . 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"La extracci\u00F3n de di\u00F3xido de carbono (CDR por las siglas en ingl\u00E9s de carbon dioxide removal), tambi\u00E9n conocida como emisiones negativas de CO2, es un proceso en el que se saca di\u00F3xido de carbono (CO2) de la atm\u00F3sfera y se secuestra durante largos per\u00EDodos de tiempo.\u200B\u200B\u200B De manera similar, la extracci\u00F3n de gases de efecto invernadero (GGR por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s) o emisiones negativas de gases de efecto invernadero es la toma deliberada de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de la atm\u00F3sfera, es decir, adem\u00E1s de la extracci\u00F3n que ocurrir\u00EDa a trav\u00E9s del ciclo natural del carbono o procesos qu\u00EDmicos atmosf\u00E9ricos. A veces se traduce removal por eliminaci\u00F3n, pero eliminar el CO2 de la atm\u00F3sfera (se entiende que todo, como pr\u00E1cticamente se elimina todo el azufre en el petr\u00F3leo) no es posible, y si lo fuera no se deber\u00EDa hacer, porque se morir\u00EDan todas las plantas de la Tierra. Lo que debe hacerse es reducir su actual nivel (418 partes por mill\u00F3n, ppm, el 15 de agosto de 2022)\u200B al nivel considerado seguro, 350 ppm.\u200B En la Wikipedia inglesa existen las p\u00E1ginas Carbon dioxide removal, dedicada a la extracci\u00F3n de CO2 de la atm\u00F3sfera, de la que esta p\u00E1gina Extracci\u00F3n de di\u00F3xido de carbono es traducci\u00F3n, y Carbon sequestration, dedicada al almacenamiento del CO2 extra\u00EDdo, que est\u00E1 traducida en Secuestro de carbono. Pero en la pr\u00E1ctica ambas p\u00E1ginas tienen numerosos contenidos comunes, porque cada m\u00E9todo de extracci\u00F3n conlleva un m\u00E9todo de almacenamiento. En el contexto de los objetivos de emisiones GEI nulas\u200B (neutralidad de carbono), la CDR se integra en la pol\u00EDtica clim\u00E1tica como un nuevo elemento de las estrategias de mitigaci\u00F3n del cambio clim\u00E1tico. \u200B La CDR y la GGR tambi\u00E9n se conocen como tecnolog\u00EDas de emisiones negativas (NET por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s) y, para conseguir emisiones netas cero, pueden ser m\u00E1s econ\u00F3micas (depende del caso) que prevenir algunas emisiones agr\u00EDcolas de gases de efecto invernadero. \u200B Los m\u00E9todos CDR incluyen forestaci\u00F3n, pr\u00E1cticas agr\u00EDcolas que secuestran carbono en los suelos, aprovechamiento de la biomasa con captura y almacenamiento del di\u00F3xido de carbono, fertilizaci\u00F3n oce\u00E1nica, meteorizaci\u00F3n mejorada y captura directa del aire combinada con almacenamiento.\u200B\u200B\u200B Para evaluar si un proceso en particular logra emisiones negativas netas, se debe realizar un an\u00E1lisis completo de su ciclo de vida. Un informe de consenso de 2019 de las Academias Nacionales de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00EDa y Medicina de EE. UU. (NASEM por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s) concluy\u00F3 que con los m\u00E9todos de CDR existentes a escalas que pueden implementarse de manera segura y econ\u00F3mica, se pueden extraer anualmente de la atm\u00F3sfera hasta 10 gigatoneladas (miles de millones de toneladas) de di\u00F3xido de carbono.\u200B En 2021 se emitieron a la atm\u00F3sfera 39,3 gigatoneladas de CO2. La utilizaci\u00F3n descrita de CDR extraer\u00EDa alrededor de la cuarta parte de esas emisiones, aunque no resolver\u00EDa la emergencia clim\u00E1tica, para lo cual es necesario que las emisiones netas sean 0 y que se extraiga suficiente CO2 de la atm\u00F3sfera como para volver al nivel seguro de 350 ppm. En 2021, el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Clim\u00E1tico (IPCC por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s) dijo que los calendarios que limitan el aumento de la temperatura media mundial a 1,5 \u00B0C o 2 \u00B0C para el a\u00F1o 2100 suponen el uso de enfoques CDR en combinaci\u00F3n con reducciones de emisiones.\u200B"@es . "La extracci\u00F3n de di\u00F3xido de carbono (CDR por las siglas en ingl\u00E9s de carbon dioxide removal), tambi\u00E9n conocida como emisiones negativas de CO2, es un proceso en el que se saca di\u00F3xido de carbono (CO2) de la atm\u00F3sfera y se secuestra durante largos per\u00EDodos de tiempo.\u200B\u200B\u200B De manera similar, la extracci\u00F3n de gases de efecto invernadero (GGR por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s) o emisiones negativas de gases de efecto invernadero es la toma deliberada de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de la atm\u00F3sfera, es decir, adem\u00E1s de la extracci\u00F3n que ocurrir\u00EDa a trav\u00E9s del ciclo natural del carbono o procesos qu\u00EDmicos atmosf\u00E9ricos."@es . . . . . . . . . "Koldioxidinf\u00E5ngning"@sv . . "IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5\u00B0C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5\u00B0C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. P\u00F6rtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. P\u00E9an, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield ]."@en . . . . . "38454"^^ . . . . . "21072589"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), also known as negative CO2 emissions, is a process in which carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for long periods of time. Similarly, greenhouse gas removal (GGR) or negative greenhouse gas emissions is the removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities, i.e., in addition to the removal that would occur via natural carbon cycle or atmospheric chemistry processes. In the context of net zero greenhouse gas emissions targets, CDR is increasingly integrated into climate policy, as a new element of mitigation strategies. CDR and GGR methods are also known as negative emissions technologies (NET), and may be cheaper than preventing some agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. CDR methods include afforestation, agricultural practices that sequester carbon in soils, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, ocean fertilization, enhanced weathering, and direct air capture when combined with storage. To assess whether net negative emissions are achieved by a particular process, comprehensive life cycle analysis of the process must be performed. A 2019 consensus report by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) concluded that using existing CDR methods at scales that can be safely and economically deployed, there is potential to remove and sequester up to 10 gigatons of carbon dioxide per year. This would offset greenhouse gas emissions at about a fifth of the rate at which they are being produced. In 2021 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that emission pathways that limit globally averaged warming to 1.5 \u00B0C or 2 \u00B0C by the year 2100 assume the use of CDR approaches in combination with emission reductions."@en . . . "Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), also known as negative CO2 emissions, is a process in which carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for long periods of time. Similarly, greenhouse gas removal (GGR) or negative greenhouse gas emissions is the removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities, i.e., in addition to the removal that would occur via natural carbon cycle or atmospheric chemistry processes. In the context of net zero greenhouse gas emissions targets, CDR is increasingly integrated into climate policy, as a new element of mitigation strategies. CDR and GGR methods are also known as negative emissions technologies (NET), and may be cheaper than preventing some agricultural greenhouse gas emissions."@en . . . . "1123495171"^^ . . . . . . "Negative Emissionen"@de . "Extracci\u00F3n de di\u00F3xido de carbono"@es . . . "Koldioxidinf\u00E5ngning (carbon dioxide removal, CDR), \u00E4ven k\u00E4nt som v\u00E4xthusgasinf\u00E5ngning (greenhouse gas removal, GHG) och negativa utsl\u00E4ppstekniker (negative emission technologies, NETs), \u00E4r en process d\u00E4r koldioxidgas avl\u00E4gsnas fr\u00E5n atmosf\u00E4ren (n\u00E4r termen GHG eller NET anv\u00E4nds kan \u00E4ven andra v\u00E4xthusgaser avses). CDR-metoder innefattar skogsplantering, jordbruksmetoder som binder kol i mark, p\u00E5skyndad vittring, havsg\u00F6dsling, bioenergi med kolinf\u00E5ngning och lagring (bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, BECCS) och direkt luftinf\u00E5ngning (direct air capture, DAC). CDR diskuteras i relation till de kompletterande \u00E5tg\u00E4rder som till\u00E5ts f\u00F6r att Sverige ska n\u00E5 netto-noll utsl\u00E4pp senast 2045."@sv . "Negative Emissionen \u2013 auch als Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) bezeichnet \u2013 sind Ans\u00E4tze zur Entnahme von Treibhausgasen aus der Atmosph\u00E4re. Sie sind ein elementarer Bestandteil des Konzepts einer Treibhausgasbilanz von Netto-Null, da dabei von menschlichen Aktivit\u00E4ten ausgesto\u00DFene Resttreibhausgasemissionen durch von menschlichen Aktivit\u00E4ten realisierte negative Emissionen Metrik-gewichtet vollst\u00E4ndig ausgeglichen werden. \u00DCbersteigen die negativen Emissionen die Resttreibhausgasemissionen, wird von netto-negativen Treibhausgasemissionen gesprochen. Negative CO2-Emissionen \u2013 auch als Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) bezeichnet \u2013 ist eine Untergruppe von negativen Emissionen, welche eine Entnahme von CO2 aus der Atmosph\u00E4re bewirken. Die Ans\u00E4tze, um negative Emissionen zu realisieren, sind Negativemissionstechnologien oder Negative-Emissionen-Technologien . Negativemissionstechnologien umfassen nat\u00FCrliche und rein technische Ans\u00E4tze, welche mittels biologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Prozessen die Treibhausgaskonzentration in der Atmosph\u00E4re reduzieren. Im Kontext von Netto-Null Treibhausgasemissions-Zielen bekommt CO2-Entnahme in der Klimapolitik zunehmend mehr Bedeutung. Das 1,5-Grad-Ziel l\u00E4sst sich ohne negative Emissionen wahrscheinlich nicht mehr einhalten. Ein gro\u00DFangelegter Einsatz der dazu notwendigen Technologien ist jedoch unerprobt, sich auf sie zu verlassen ein bedeutendes Risiko. Klimawirksam sind negative Emissionen nur dann, wenn dabei gebundene Treibhausgase langfristig nicht zur\u00FCck in die Atmosph\u00E4re gelangen. Abscheidung erfordert Endlager f\u00FCr \u00E4hnliche Mengen von Kohlenstoff, wie aus der Erde geholt werden, in beliebiger Modifikation oder chemischer Verbindung. Je nach Umfang und Auswirkung der vorgeschlagenen Prozesse f\u00FCr Negative Emissionen werden sie zu den Technologien des Geoengineering gez\u00E4hlt."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062B\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646"@ar . . .