. . . . . . . . "Berkeley, California, U.S."@en . . "Charles Butters"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Charles Butters (August 10, 1854 \u2013 November 27, 1933) was an American metallurgist, engineer and mine owner. A graduate of the University of California, he moved to Southern Africa in 1890 to construct a chlorination plant for Hermann Eckstein & Company. Whilst there Butters pioneered the use of the gold cyanidation process for extracting the metal from low grade ore, which opened up new deposits in Witwatersrand. He also developed other methods that increased extraction efficiency. Butters left Eckstein in 1894 to jointly found a new firm, the Rand Central Ore Reduction Company. He joined the Johannesburg Reform Committee in 1895, a group of mostly immigrants to South Africa who demanded, among other things, a stable constitution, an independent judiciary, and a better educational system;"@en . . "1933-11-27"^^ . . . . "Jessie Butters"@en . . . . "1854-08-10"^^ . . . . . "1045861925"^^ . . . . . . . . "64748784"^^ . . "Charles Butters"@en . "1854-08-10"^^ . . "Butters and Meins' Mechanical Distributor"@en . . "Haverhill, Massachusetts, U.S."@en . "1933-11-27"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "8148"^^ . . . . . . "Charles Butters"@en . "Charles Butters (August 10, 1854 \u2013 November 27, 1933) was an American metallurgist, engineer and mine owner. A graduate of the University of California, he moved to Southern Africa in 1890 to construct a chlorination plant for Hermann Eckstein & Company. Whilst there Butters pioneered the use of the gold cyanidation process for extracting the metal from low grade ore, which opened up new deposits in Witwatersrand. He also developed other methods that increased extraction efficiency. Butters left Eckstein in 1894 to jointly found a new firm, the Rand Central Ore Reduction Company. He joined the Johannesburg Reform Committee in 1895, a group of mostly immigrants to South Africa who demanded, among other things, a stable constitution, an independent judiciary, and a better educational system; he participated in the Jameson Raid, a botched attempt against the South African Republic, and was fined $2,000. Butters returned to the United States in 1898 where he ran his own company, Chas. Butters & Co Ltd. By 1907 he had amassed a significant fortune from his mining operations. Butters proposed that his mines in Mexico be permitted to mint their own coinage, which would reduce the supply of silver bullion and increase the sale price. Butters risked execution by firing squad by taking steps to protect his mines in Nicaragua during the 1926\u201327 civil war."@en . . "Use of gold cyanidation in Witwatersrand"@en . . .