. "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0451\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F"@ru . . . . . "Jade chino es todo aquel jade extra\u00EDdo o tallado en China a partir del Neol\u00EDtico. Es la piedra dura utilizada en China por antonomasia para tallar esculturas. Si bien en Europa se conoce especialmente la jadeita de color verde brillante, a lo largo de la historia de China, el jade se ha presentado en gran variedad de colores y la nefrita blanca \"grasa de cordero\" ha sido el tipo de jade m\u00E1s valorado. Las canteras en Henan y a lo largo del r\u00EDo Yangtze han sido explotadas desde \u00E9pocas prehist\u00F3ricas y se encuentran casi agotadas; a principios del siglo XXI gran parte del jade es extra\u00EDdo de la provincia de Xinjiang en el noroeste. El jade era valorado por su dureza, resistencia, cualidades musicales, y belleza.\u200B Especialmente sus caracter\u00EDsticas sutiles y colores trasl\u00FAcidos\u200B hicieron que fuera asociado con los conceptos chinos sobre el alma y la inmortalidad.\u200B El uso antiguo m\u00E1s prominente es la talla de los Seis jades rituales, que se remontan al tercer milenio a. C. en la cultura de Liangzhu:\u200B el bi, el cong, el huang, el hu, el gui, y el zhang.\u200B Si bien estas piezas son tan antiguas que se desconoce su significado original, para cuando se componen los Ritos de Zhou, se consideraba que los mismos representaban el cielo, la , y las cuatro direcciones. Durante la dinast\u00EDa Han, la familia real y la nobleza eran enterrados recubiertos por completo en un traje mortuorio de jade cosido con hilos de oro, con el convencimiento que preservar\u00EDan el cuerpo y las almas adosadas al mismo. Tambi\u00E9n se cre\u00EDa que el jade combat\u00EDa la fatiga.\u200B Durante esta dinast\u00EDa progres\u00F3 en gran medida el uso art\u00EDstico del jade.\u200B Estos usos dieron lugar despu\u00E9s del per\u00EDodo de los tres reinos a las pr\u00E1cticas budistas y nuevos desarrollos en el Tao\u00EDsmo como por ejemplo la . Sin embargo, el jade sigui\u00F3 formando parte de la medicina tradicional china y siendo una importante materia prima art\u00EDstica. Si bien su uso nunca alcanz\u00F3 gran difusi\u00F3n en Jap\u00F3n, el jade fue importante en el desarrollo del arte de Corea y del sureste de Asia."@es . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E \u2014 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u044E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0454 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jade xin\u00E8s"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jade chino"@es . "\u53E4\u7389"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jade chino es todo aquel jade extra\u00EDdo o tallado en China a partir del Neol\u00EDtico. Es la piedra dura utilizada en China por antonomasia para tallar esculturas. Si bien en Europa se conoce especialmente la jadeita de color verde brillante, a lo largo de la historia de China, el jade se ha presentado en gran variedad de colores y la nefrita blanca \"grasa de cordero\" ha sido el tipo de jade m\u00E1s valorado. Las canteras en Henan y a lo largo del r\u00EDo Yangtze han sido explotadas desde \u00E9pocas prehist\u00F3ricas y se encuentran casi agotadas; a principios del siglo XXI gran parte del jade es extra\u00EDdo de la provincia de Xinjiang en el noroeste."@es . "1115273506"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Chinese jade refers to the jade mined or carved in China from the Neolithic onward. It is the primary hardstone of Chinese sculpture. Although deep and bright green jadeite is better known in Europe, for most of China's history, jade has come in a variety of colors and white \"mutton-fat\" nephrite was the most highly praised and prized. Native sources in Henan and along the Yangtze were exploited since prehistoric times and have largely been exhausted; most Chinese jade today is extracted from the northwestern province of Xinjiang."@en . . . . "33095"^^ . . "\u53E4\u7389"@zh . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E \u2014 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u044E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0454 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . "\u53E4\u7389\uFF0C\u5C08\u6307\u6E05\u4EE3\u4EE5\u524D\u7684\u7389\u77F3\u523B\u88FD\u85DD\u8853\u54C1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u53E4\u7389\uFF0C\u5C08\u6307\u6E05\u4EE3\u4EE5\u524D\u7684\u7389\u77F3\u523B\u88FD\u85DD\u8853\u54C1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Chinese jade"@en . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El jade xin\u00E8s \u00E9s tot aquell jade extret o tallat a la Xina a partir del neol\u00EDtic. \u00C9s la pedra dura utilitzada a la Xina per antonom\u00E0sia per tallar escultures. Si b\u00E9 a Europa es coneix especialment la jade\u00EFta de color verd brillant, al llarg de la hist\u00F2ria d'aquest pa\u00EDs el jade s'ha presentat en gran varietat de colors i la nefrita blanca \"greix de xai\" ha estat el tipus de jade m\u00E9s valorat. Les pedreres de Henan i al llarg del riu Iang-Ts\u00E9 han estat explotades des d'\u00E8poques prehist\u00F2riques i es troben quasi exhaurides. A la primeria del segle XXI gran part del jade \u00E9s extret de la prov\u00EDncia de Xinjiang, al nord-oest."@ca . . . "\u53E4\u7389\uFF08\u3053\u304E\u3087\u304F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u7FE1\u7FE0\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7389\u3067\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u5DE5\u82B8\u54C1\u306E\u3046\u3061\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u3001\u79E6\u304A\u3088\u3073\u6F22\u3088\u308A\u524D\u306B\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7269\u3092\u3044\u3044\u3001\u53E4\u3044\u7269\u306F\u8208\u9686\u7AAA\u6587\u5316\u3084\u7D05\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u306A\u3069\u65B0\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u3002\u52D5\u7269\u3084\u4EBA\u9593\u3001\u7ADC\u306A\u3069\u306E\u795E\u683C\u3084\u3001\u96F7\u7D0B\u306A\u3069\u306E\u546A\u8853\u7684\u306A\u30B7\u30F3\u30DC\u30EB\u3092\u8C61\u3063\u305F\u7269\u304C\u591A\u304F\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u306A\u610F\u5473\u5408\u3044\u304C\u6DF1\u3044\u7269\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u6750\u8CEA\u306F\u4E3B\u306B\u8EDF\u7389\uFF08\u30CD\u30D5\u30E9\u30A4\u30C8\uFF09\u3067\u3042\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u591A\u3044\u304C\u3001\u786C\u7389\uFF08\u30B8\u30A7\u30C0\u30A4\u30C8\uFF09\u3084\u6ED1\u77F3\u3001\u746A\u7459\u306A\u3069\u3082\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El jade xin\u00E8s \u00E9s tot aquell jade extret o tallat a la Xina a partir del neol\u00EDtic. \u00C9s la pedra dura utilitzada a la Xina per antonom\u00E0sia per tallar escultures. Si b\u00E9 a Europa es coneix especialment la jade\u00EFta de color verd brillant, al llarg de la hist\u00F2ria d'aquest pa\u00EDs el jade s'ha presentat en gran varietat de colors i la nefrita blanca \"greix de xai\" ha estat el tipus de jade m\u00E9s valorat. Les pedreres de Henan i al llarg del riu Iang-Ts\u00E9 han estat explotades des d'\u00E8poques prehist\u00F2riques i es troben quasi exhaurides. A la primeria del segle XXI gran part del jade \u00E9s extret de la prov\u00EDncia de Xinjiang, al nord-oest. El jade era valorat per la seua duresa, resist\u00E8ncia, qualitats musicals i bellesa. Especialment les seues caracter\u00EDstiques subtils i colors transl\u00FAcids feren que s'associara amb els conceptes sobre l'\u00E0nima i la immortalitat. L'\u00FAs antic m\u00E9s prominent n'\u00E9s la talla dels Sis jades rituals, que es remunta al tercer mil\u00B7lenni aC en la cultura Liangzhu: el bi, el cong, el huang, el hu, el gui, i el zhang. Si b\u00E9 aquestes peces s\u00F3n tan antigues que se'n desconeix el significat original, quan es compon els Ritus de Zhou, es considerava que aquests representaven el cel, la terra i les quatre direccions. Durant la dinastia Han, la fam\u00EDlia reial i la reialesa eren enterrats recoberts per complet amb un vestit mortuori de jade cosit amb fils d'or, amb el convenciment que hi preservarien el cos i les \u00E0nimes adossades. Tamb\u00E9 es creia que el jade combatia la fatiga. Durant la dinastia progress\u00E0 molt l'\u00FAs art\u00EDstic del jade. Aquests usos donaren lloc despr\u00E9s del per\u00EDode dels tres regnes a les pr\u00E0ctiques budistes i nous desenvolupaments del taoisme, com ara l'alqu\u00EDmia. El jade, per\u00F2, continu\u00E0 formant part de la medicina tradicional xinesa i sent una important mat\u00E8ria primera art\u00EDstica. Si b\u00E9 el seu \u00FAs mai no tingu\u00E9 gran difusi\u00F3 al Jap\u00F3, el jade fou important en el desenvolupament de l'art de Corea i del sud d'\u00C0sia."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "8577960"^^ . . . . "Chinese jade refers to the jade mined or carved in China from the Neolithic onward. It is the primary hardstone of Chinese sculpture. Although deep and bright green jadeite is better known in Europe, for most of China's history, jade has come in a variety of colors and white \"mutton-fat\" nephrite was the most highly praised and prized. Native sources in Henan and along the Yangtze were exploited since prehistoric times and have largely been exhausted; most Chinese jade today is extracted from the northwestern province of Xinjiang. Jade was prized for its hardness, durability, magical qualities, and beauty. In particular, its subtle, translucent colors and protective qualities caused it to become associated with Chinese conceptions of the soul and immortality. With gold, it was considered to be a symbol of heaven. The most prominent early use was the crafting of the Six Ritual Jades, found since the 3rd-millennium\u2009BC Liangzhu culture: the bi, the cong, the huang, the hu, the gui, and the zhang. Since the meanings of these shapes were not mentioned prior to the eastern Zhou dynasty, by the time of the composition of the Rites of Zhou, they were thought to represent the sky, the earth, and the four directions. By the Han dynasty, the royal family and prominent lords were buried entirely ensheathed in jade burial suits sewn in gold thread, on the idea that it would preserve the body and the souls attached to it. Jade was also thought to combat fatigue in the living. The Han also greatly improved prior artistic treatment of jade. These uses gave way after the Three Kingdoms period to Buddhist practices and new developments in Taoism such as alchemy. Nonetheless, jade remained part of traditional Chinese medicine and an important artistic medium."@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u53E4\u7389\uFF08\u3053\u304E\u3087\u304F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u7FE1\u7FE0\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7389\u3067\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u5DE5\u82B8\u54C1\u306E\u3046\u3061\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u3001\u79E6\u304A\u3088\u3073\u6F22\u3088\u308A\u524D\u306B\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7269\u3092\u3044\u3044\u3001\u53E4\u3044\u7269\u306F\u8208\u9686\u7AAA\u6587\u5316\u3084\u7D05\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u306A\u3069\u65B0\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u3002\u52D5\u7269\u3084\u4EBA\u9593\u3001\u7ADC\u306A\u3069\u306E\u795E\u683C\u3084\u3001\u96F7\u7D0B\u306A\u3069\u306E\u546A\u8853\u7684\u306A\u30B7\u30F3\u30DC\u30EB\u3092\u8C61\u3063\u305F\u7269\u304C\u591A\u304F\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u306A\u610F\u5473\u5408\u3044\u304C\u6DF1\u3044\u7269\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u6750\u8CEA\u306F\u4E3B\u306B\u8EDF\u7389\uFF08\u30CD\u30D5\u30E9\u30A4\u30C8\uFF09\u3067\u3042\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u591A\u3044\u304C\u3001\u786C\u7389\uFF08\u30B8\u30A7\u30C0\u30A4\u30C8\uFF09\u3084\u6ED1\u77F3\u3001\u746A\u7459\u306A\u3069\u3082\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . .