. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "115092"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les controverses sur la circoncision placent le d\u00E9bat, selon les cas, dans une opposition ou sur le plan d'une critique de l'acte par rapport \u00E0 l'\u00E9thique, \u00E0 la sant\u00E9, \u00E0 la sexualit\u00E9, \u00E0 la religion, \u00E0 la psychologie et \u00E0 la justice (voir \u00E9galement aspects juridiques de la circoncision)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "765782"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Male circumcision has been a subject of controversy for a number of reasons including religious, ethical, sexual, and medical. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the primary justification for circumcision was to prevent masturbation and intentionally reduce male sexual pleasure, which was believed to cause a wide range of medical problems. Modern proponents say that circumcision reduces the risks of a range of infections and diseases, and confers sexual benefits. By contrast, some opponents, particularly of routine neonatal circumcision, question its utility and effectiveness in preventing such diseases, and object to subjecting newborn males, without their consent, to a procedure they consider to have dubious and nonessential benefits, significant risks, and a potentially nega"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u0627\u0644 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062A\u0627\u0646"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122345431"^^ . . . . . . . . "Male circumcision has been a subject of controversy for a number of reasons including religious, ethical, sexual, and medical. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the primary justification for circumcision was to prevent masturbation and intentionally reduce male sexual pleasure, which was believed to cause a wide range of medical problems. Modern proponents say that circumcision reduces the risks of a range of infections and diseases, and confers sexual benefits. By contrast, some opponents, particularly of routine neonatal circumcision, question its utility and effectiveness in preventing such diseases, and object to subjecting newborn males, without their consent, to a procedure they consider to have dubious and nonessential benefits, significant risks, and a potentially negative impact on general health and later sexual enjoyment, as well as violating their human rights. In Classical and Hellenistic civilization, Ancient Greeks and Romans posed great value on the beauty of nature, physical integrity, aesthetics, harmonious bodies and nudity, including the foreskin (see also Ancient Greek art), and were opposed to all forms of genital mutilation, an opposition inherited by the canon and secular legal systems of the Christian West and East that lasted at least through to the Middle Ages, according to Frederick Hodges. Traditional branches of Judaism, Islam, Coptic Christianity, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and the Eritrean Orthodox Church still advocate male circumcision as a religious obligation."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Controverses sur la circoncision"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Les controverses sur la circoncision placent le d\u00E9bat, selon les cas, dans une opposition ou sur le plan d'une critique de l'acte par rapport \u00E0 l'\u00E9thique, \u00E0 la sant\u00E9, \u00E0 la sexualit\u00E9, \u00E0 la religion, \u00E0 la psychologie et \u00E0 la justice (voir \u00E9galement aspects juridiques de la circoncision)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2020-05-31"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Circumcision controversies"@en . .