. . "Le Comstock Act ou Loi Comstock est une loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale, adopt\u00E9e par le S\u00E9nat des \u00C9tats-Unis le 3 mars 1873. Elle r\u00E9prime \u00AB le commerce et la circulation de la litt\u00E9rature obsc\u00E8ne et des articles d'usage immoral \u00BB. La loi rend ill\u00E9gale l'utilisation du service postal des \u00C9tats-Unis pour exp\u00E9dier des articles et mat\u00E9riel \u00E9rotiques, contraceptifs, produits abortifs et toute information concernant ces \u00E9l\u00E9ments. Ceci emp\u00EAche certains journaux, notamment anarchistes, de servir leurs abonn\u00E9s. L\u00E0 o\u00F9 le gouvernement f\u00E9d\u00E9ral a une comp\u00E9tence directe, comme \u00E0 Washington, la loi a \u00E9galement \u00E9rig\u00E9 en d\u00E9lit, passible d'une amende et d'emprisonnement, la vente, le don ou la possession d'une publication \u00AB obsc\u00E8ne \u00BB. La moiti\u00E9 des \u00C9tats am\u00E9ricains adoptent des lois anti-obsc\u00E9nit\u00E9 similaires interdisant la possession et la vente de mat\u00E9riel obsc\u00E8ne, y compris les contraceptifs. La loi tire son nom de son principal initiateur, Anthony Comstock, impliqu\u00E9 personnellement dans l'\u00E9laboration du texte. Comstock re\u00E7oit mandat d'agent sp\u00E9cial pour les services postaux des \u00C9tats-Unis qui lui permet de se d\u00E9placer arm\u00E9 et d'ouvrir \u00E0 bord des trains tous les courriers pour en v\u00E9rifier le contenu."@fr . . . . . . "Adopt\u00E9e en 1873 par le Congr\u00E8s aux \u00C9tats-Unis, la loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale Comstock visait \u00E0 la \"Suppression du Commerce et de la Diffusion de Litt\u00E9rature Obsc\u00E8ne ou d'Objet \u00E0 Usage Immoral\".Par extension, les lois Comstock d\u00E9signent l'ensemble des lois d\u00E9riv\u00E9es de celle-ci et adopt\u00E9es par 24 \u00C9tats am\u00E9ricains."@fr . . . "Le Comstock Act ou Loi Comstock est une loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale, adopt\u00E9e par le S\u00E9nat des \u00C9tats-Unis le 3 mars 1873. Elle r\u00E9prime \u00AB le commerce et la circulation de la litt\u00E9rature obsc\u00E8ne et des articles d'usage immoral \u00BB. La loi rend ill\u00E9gale l'utilisation du service postal des \u00C9tats-Unis pour exp\u00E9dier des articles et mat\u00E9riel \u00E9rotiques, contraceptifs, produits abortifs et toute information concernant ces \u00E9l\u00E9ments. Ceci emp\u00EAche certains journaux, notamment anarchistes, de servir leurs abonn\u00E9s."@fr . . "Lei de Comstock"@pt . . . "Adopt\u00E9e en 1873 par le Congr\u00E8s aux \u00C9tats-Unis, la loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale Comstock visait \u00E0 la \"Suppression du Commerce et de la Diffusion de Litt\u00E9rature Obsc\u00E8ne ou d'Objet \u00E0 Usage Immoral\".Par extension, les lois Comstock d\u00E9signent l'ensemble des lois d\u00E9riv\u00E9es de celle-ci et adopt\u00E9es par 24 \u00C9tats am\u00E9ricains."@fr . "Comstock laws"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Comstock-Gesetze (engl. Comstock laws) werden die nach Anthony Comstock benannten Beschr\u00E4nkungen des Versands von Schriften und Gegenst\u00E4nden \u00FCber die Post in den USA bezeichnet. Sie hatten weitgehende Auswirkungen unter anderem auf die Pressefreiheit und sind in mancher Hinsicht noch bis zur Gegenwart im Einsatz."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1118274021"^^ . . . . . "Comstock Laws \u00E4r samlingsnamnet p\u00E5 ett antal federala lagar som inf\u00F6rdes i USA 1873, samt de f\u00F6ljande delstatslagar som inf\u00F6rdes i association till dem. Den ursprungliga Comstock Law inf\u00F6rdes 3 mars 1873 med namnet \"Act for the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use\". Den inf\u00F6rdes efter framg\u00E5ngsrika p\u00E5tryckningar fr\u00E5n under ledning av Anthony Comstock, och fick d\u00E4rav sitt namn. Lagen f\u00F6rbj\u00F6d distribueringen av \"osedligt material\", vilket innefattade pornografi, sexleksaker, och information om preventivmedel och abort. I praktiken f\u00F6rbj\u00F6d lagen preventivmedel och abort i USA. En federal lag fr\u00E5n 1909 kompletterade lagen med att f\u00F6rbjuda distribution av \u00E4ven andra distribut\u00F6rer \u00E4n U.S. Post Office. De tv\u00E5 federala lagarna kompletterades "@sv . . . . . . . "Comstock Laws"@sv . . . . . . "Comstock Laws \u00E4r samlingsnamnet p\u00E5 ett antal federala lagar som inf\u00F6rdes i USA 1873, samt de f\u00F6ljande delstatslagar som inf\u00F6rdes i association till dem. Den ursprungliga Comstock Law inf\u00F6rdes 3 mars 1873 med namnet \"Act for the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use\". Den inf\u00F6rdes efter framg\u00E5ngsrika p\u00E5tryckningar fr\u00E5n under ledning av Anthony Comstock, och fick d\u00E4rav sitt namn. Lagen f\u00F6rbj\u00F6d distribueringen av \"osedligt material\", vilket innefattade pornografi, sexleksaker, och information om preventivmedel och abort. I praktiken f\u00F6rbj\u00F6d lagen preventivmedel och abort i USA. En federal lag fr\u00E5n 1909 kompletterade lagen med att f\u00F6rbjuda distribution av \u00E4ven andra distribut\u00F6rer \u00E4n U.S. Post Office. De tv\u00E5 federala lagarna kompletterades av ett antal delstatslagar. Bland annat f\u00F6rbj\u00F6ds \u00E4ven import av sexuellt material fr\u00E5n utlandet i Washington, D.C. Alla dess lagar kallades f\u00F6r ett sammanfattande namn f\u00F6r Comstock Laws. Comstock Laws ifr\u00E5gasattes alltmer fr\u00E5n sekelskiftet 1900 och fram\u00E5t som juridiskt bristf\u00E4lliga och osammanh\u00E4ngande. De ifr\u00E5gasattes ocks\u00E5 av socialreformatorer som ville legalisera preventivmedel och abort, som inte uttryckligen f\u00F6rbj\u00F6ds av Comstock Laws men i praktiken gjorde dem n\u00E4rmast om\u00F6jliga att ut\u00F6va. Comstock Laws' restriktioner kring preventivmedel och abort f\u00F6rklarades upph\u00E4vda genom h\u00F6gsta domstolens precedensfall Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) och Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)."@sv . . "55491"^^ . "Comstock-Gesetze"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B3\u30E0\u30B9\u30C8\u30C3\u30AF\u6CD5"@ja . . . . . . . "\u30B3\u30E0\u30B9\u30C8\u30C3\u30AF\u6CD5\uFF08en:Comstock Act\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30671873\u5E743\u67083\u65E5\u306B\u6210\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u90F5\u4FBF\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u9023\u90A6\u6CD5\u306E\u901A\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Comstock Act"@fr . . . . . . . . "Comstock-Gesetze (engl. Comstock laws) werden die nach Anthony Comstock benannten Beschr\u00E4nkungen des Versands von Schriften und Gegenst\u00E4nden \u00FCber die Post in den USA bezeichnet. Sie hatten weitgehende Auswirkungen unter anderem auf die Pressefreiheit und sind in mancher Hinsicht noch bis zur Gegenwart im Einsatz. Der Comstock Act vom 3. M\u00E4rz 1873 war ein US-Bundesgesetz mit weitgehenden Folgen f\u00FCr den Versand von erotischen Schriften und Verh\u00FCtungsmitteln. Nach dem Gesetz war es illegal, obsz\u00F6ne Materialien, einschlie\u00DFlich Verh\u00FCtungsmitteln, \u00FCber den Postweg auf Bundesebene zu versenden. 24 US-Bundesstaaten verabschiedeten eine \u00E4hnliche Gesetzgebung f\u00FCr die innerstaatliche Post."@de . . . . . . . "The Comstock laws were a set of federal acts passed by the United States Congress under the Grant administration along with related state laws. The \"parent\" act (Sect. 211) was passed on March 3, 1873, as the Act for the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use. This Act criminalized any use of the U.S. Postal Service to send any of the following items: obscenity, contraceptives, abortifacients, sex toys, personal letters with any sexual content or information, or any information regarding the above items."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Comstock laws were a set of federal acts passed by the United States Congress under the Grant administration along with related state laws. The \"parent\" act (Sect. 211) was passed on March 3, 1873, as the Act for the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use. This Act criminalized any use of the U.S. Postal Service to send any of the following items: obscenity, contraceptives, abortifacients, sex toys, personal letters with any sexual content or information, or any information regarding the above items. A similar federal act (Sect. 245) of 1909 applied to delivery by interstate \"express\" or any other common carrier (such as railroad), rather than delivery by the U.S. Post Office. In addition to these federal laws, about half of the states enacted laws related to the federal Comstock laws. These state laws are considered by women's rights activist Mary Dennett to also be \"Comstock laws\". The laws were named after their chief proponent, US Postal Inspector and anti-vice activist Anthony Comstock. Comstock received a commission from the Postmaster General to serve as a special agent for the U.S. Post Office Department. In Washington, D.C., where the federal government had direct jurisdiction, another Comstock act (Sect. 312) also made it illegal (punishable by up to five years at hard labor), to sell, lend, or give away any \"obscene\" publication, or article used for contraception or abortion. Section 305 of the Tariff Act of 1922 forbade the importation of any contraceptive information or means. Numerous failed attempts were made to repeal or modify these laws and eventually, many of them (or portions of them) were declared unconstitutional. In a 1919 issue of the Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Judge J. C. Ruppenthal, after reviewing the various laws (especially state laws) called the set of acts \"haphazard and capricious\" and lacking \"any clear, broad, well-defined principle or purpose\". The restrictions on birth control in the Comstock laws were effectively rendered null and void by Supreme Court decisions Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972). Furthermore Congress removed the restrictions on contraception in 1971 but let the rest of the Comstock law stand."@en . . "\u30B3\u30E0\u30B9\u30C8\u30C3\u30AF\u6CD5\uFF08en:Comstock Act\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30671873\u5E743\u67083\u65E5\u306B\u6210\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u90F5\u4FBF\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u9023\u90A6\u6CD5\u306E\u901A\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "191639"^^ . . . "Comstock laws"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . .