"O consumismo \u00E9 um estilo de vida orientado por uma crescente propens\u00E3o ao consumo de bens ou servi\u00E7os, em geral sup\u00E9rfluos, em raz\u00E3o do seu significado simb\u00F3lico (prazer, sucesso, felicidade), frequentemente atribu\u00EDdo pelos meios de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o social. O termo \u00E9 muitas vezes associado \u00E0 cr\u00EDtica do soci\u00F3logo e economista Thorstein Veblen, \u00E0 cultura de massa e \u00E0 ind\u00FAstria cultural."@pt . . . . . "Konzumerismus je tendence nadm\u011Brn\u011B nakupovat a hromadit p\u0159edm\u011Bty a po\u017Eitky za \u00FA\u010Delem zvy\u0161ov\u00E1n\u00ED osobn\u00EDho \u0161t\u011Bst\u00ED. \u010Casto je p\u0159edm\u011Btem kritiky, a to u\u017E od doby Karla Marxe[zdroj?!] a Thorsteina Veblena. V ekonomice konzumerismus m\u016F\u017Ee znamenat ekonomick\u00E9 z\u00E1sady, kter\u00E9 zd\u016Fraz\u0148uj\u00ED spot\u0159ebu a (v abstraktn\u00EDm smyslu) v\u00EDru, \u017Ee svobodn\u00E1 volba spot\u0159ebitel\u016F m\u016F\u017Ee diktovat podobu ekonomiky spole\u010Dnosti."@cs . "Konsumismus (von lateinisch consumere \u2013 verbrauchen; auch Konsumerismus oder Konsumentismus) ist eine Lebenshaltung, die darauf ausgerichtet ist, das Bed\u00FCrfnis nach neuen Konsumg\u00FCtern stets zu befriedigen. Es kann zum Beispiel der gesellschaftlichen Distinktion oder dem Streben nach Identit\u00E4t, Lebenssinn und Gl\u00FCck dienen. Eine krankhafte Extremform ist die Kaufsucht. Der Begriff Konsumismus wird meist in kritischer Absicht verwendet."@de . . . . . . . . "Kontsumismo"@eu . "Konsumpcjonizm \u2013 postawa polegaj\u0105ca na nieusprawiedliwionym (rzeczywistymi potrzebami oraz kosztami ekologicznymi, spo\u0142ecznymi czy indywidualnymi) zdobywaniu d\u00F3br materialnych i us\u0142ug, lub pogl\u0105d polegaj\u0105cy na uznawaniu tej konsumpcji za wyznacznik jako\u015Bci \u017Cycia (lub za najwa\u017Cniejsz\u0105, wzgl\u0119dnie jedyn\u0105 warto\u015B\u0107) \u2013 hedonistyczny materializm. Wsp\u00F3\u0142czesna kultura konsumpcji sta\u0142a si\u0119 jednym z centralnych przedmiot\u00F3w uwagi kulturoznawstwa."@pl . . . . "\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039F \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C8\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03C5\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B1\u03B3\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD . \u03A3\u03C5\u03C7\u03BD\u03AC \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03C6\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u039A\u03B1\u03C1\u03BB \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0398\u03BF\u03C1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC\u03B9\u03BD \u0392\u03AD\u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03B5\u03BD. \u03A7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC, \u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AD\u03BC\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03CD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2."@el . . . "Konsumism"@sv . "Konsumpcjonizm \u2013 postawa polegaj\u0105ca na nieusprawiedliwionym (rzeczywistymi potrzebami oraz kosztami ekologicznymi, spo\u0142ecznymi czy indywidualnymi) zdobywaniu d\u00F3br materialnych i us\u0142ug, lub pogl\u0105d polegaj\u0105cy na uznawaniu tej konsumpcji za wyznacznik jako\u015Bci \u017Cycia (lub za najwa\u017Cniejsz\u0105, wzgl\u0119dnie jedyn\u0105 warto\u015B\u0107) \u2013 hedonistyczny materializm. Wsp\u00F3\u0142czesna kultura konsumpcji sta\u0142a si\u0119 jednym z centralnych przedmiot\u00F3w uwagi kulturoznawstwa."@pl . "Konsumismo"@eo . . . . . . . "El consumismo es la compra o acumulaci\u00F3n de bienes y servicios considerados no esenciales. El consumismo a gran escala en la sociedad contempor\u00E1nea compromete los recursos naturales y la econom\u00EDa sostenible.\u200B Las alternativas a algunos de los problemas del consumismo son el desarrollo sostenible, el ecologismo, el decrecimiento y el consumo responsable. La publicidad idealiza la satisfacci\u00F3n y felicidad personal producida por el consumismo.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . . . . . "Le mot \u00AB consum\u00E9risme \u00BB a plusieurs sens : \n* un sens courant, qui d\u00E9finit l'\u00AB action concert\u00E9e de consommateurs \u00BB face aux entreprises [r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] ; \n* un sens r\u00E9pandu en sociologie, qui d\u00E9finit un \u00AB mode de vie li\u00E9 \u00E0 la consommation \u00BB [r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] ; \n* une th\u00E9orie qui consid\u00E8re l'augmentation de la consommation des biens comme un b\u00E9n\u00E9fice \u00E9conomique[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]."@fr . . . . . "Konsumism \u00E4r ett ord som myntades p\u00E5 1970-talet[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs] f\u00F6r att beteckna v\u00E4stv\u00E4rldens inst\u00E4llning till att konsumera, att konsumtionen menades g\u00F6ra m\u00E4nniskan lycklig. Ordet anv\u00E4nds framf\u00F6rallt i kritik mot fenomenet och mot kapitalismen, och avser \u00E4ven p\u00E5 ett djupare plan att materiella v\u00E4rden r\u00E5der \u00F6ver andra v\u00E4rden som betraktas som h\u00F6gre (religi\u00F6sa, kulturella, med mer)[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs]. Pasolini h\u00E4vdade att konsumismen var en sorts totalitarism. Inom nationalekonomin betyder konsumismteorin att \u00F6kad konsumtion \u00E4r ekonomiskt gynnsam. Kritik mot konsumism har f\u00F6rekommit sedan l\u00E5ng tid, och framf\u00F6rts av bland andra Franciskus av Assisi. Avst\u00E5ndstagande fr\u00E5n konsumism framst\u00E4lls bland annat i p\u00E5ve Johannes Paulus II:s encyklika Centesimus Annus (1991). F\u00F6rutom kritik p\u00E5 religi\u00F6s grund, finns en antikonsumistisk r\u00F6relse fr\u00E5n marxistiskt h\u00E5ll. Pier Paolo Pasolini och hans anh\u00E4ngare spred ordet konsumismen f\u00F6r det f\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet de menar f\u00F6religger i v\u00E4stv\u00E4rlden, d\u00E4r sociala levnadsformer och kulturer ersatts av masskulturen i det globaliserade samh\u00E4llet. I detta konsumistiska samh\u00E4lle, menar Pasolini, har f\u00F6rest\u00E4llningen om frihet omformats till plikten att konsumera. Erich Fromm har p\u00E5st\u00E5tt att konsumismen beror p\u00E5 en generell livsleda, d\u00E4r konsumtionen anv\u00E4nds kompensatoriskt. Ett argument som ibland anv\u00E4nds av kritiker av konsumismen \u00E4r \"V\u00E4gg\"-metaforen[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs]. Enligt v\u00E4ggmetaforen bygger man en v\u00E4gg av alla saker man har k\u00F6pt. Denna v\u00E4gg hindrar folk fr\u00E5n att se personens riktiga personlighet, och ist\u00E4llet syns bara sakerna man har k\u00F6pt. Denna metafor anv\u00E4nds som ett argument mot det materialistiska samh\u00E4llet vi lever i. Kritiker av konsumismen v\u00E4nder sig ofta ocks\u00E5 mot materialismen som konsumismen st\u00E5r f\u00F6r. Ett slag av kritik mot konsumismen v\u00E4nder sig s\u00E4rskilt emot lyxkonsumtion. Beroende p\u00E5 varifr\u00E5n kritiken mot konsumismen kommer, f\u00F6rordas vanligen antingen religi\u00F6s asketism eller hedonism, eller i moderna sammanhang antikonsumism, i st\u00E4llet f\u00F6r konsumism. Det finns \u00E4ven en praktisk motr\u00F6relse mot konsumism som bygger p\u00E5 en livsstil med minskad konsumtion och \u00F6kad grad av sj\u00E4lvhush\u00E5llning d\u00E4r man \u00E5teranv\u00E4nder och producerar sj\u00E4lv s\u00E5 mycket som m\u00F6jligt."@sv . . . . . . . . "Il consumismo \u00E8 un fenomeno economico-sociale tipico delle societ\u00E0 industrializzate, nelle quali, per far fronte alla elevata produttivit\u00E0, \u00E8 necessario il riacquisto continuo di beni e servizi. Il consumismo \u00E8 stato criticato sia da persone che scelgono altri modi di partecipare all'economia (per esempio una vita semplice o una vita lenta) e sia da alcuni opinionisti che valutano gli effetti negativi del capitalismo moderno sul mondo: questi spesso evidenziano, a loro parere, il collegamento del consumismo con questioni come l'imperativo della crescita e il consumo eccessivo, che hanno un impatto maggiore sull'ambiente, compresi effetti diretti come il sovrasfruttamento delle risorse naturali o grandi quantit\u00E0 di rifiuti provenienti da beni usa e getta, e maggiori effetti danni sul cambiamento climatico. Allo stesso modo, alcune ricerche e critiche si concentrano sugli effetti sociologici del consumismo, come il rafforzamento delle barriere di classe e la creazione di disuguaglianze."@it . "Kontsumismoa beharrezkoa denaz gainera gero eta produktu eta zerbitzu gehiagoren kontsumoa bultzatzen duen gizarte-jarrera eta gizabanakoengan duen ondorioa da. Oro har, kontsumismo terminoa modu gaitzesgarrian erabiltzen da, eta pertsona baten neurriz kanpoko kontsumoa adierazteko erabiltzen da, behar ez diren eta finean asebetetzen ez duten produktuak erosiz. Terminoa gizartean gertatzen den gehiegizko kontsumoak ingurumenean dituen ondorio kaltegarriak nabarmentzeko ere erabiltzen da. Beste alde batetik, kontsumismoa kapitalismoaren baitako kontsumo-gizartearen ondorioa da eta publizitatea, moda eta beste mekanismo sozial zenbaitek indartzen dute. Hori gainditzeko, kontsumo arduratsua, bidezko merkataritza, trukea eta beste zenbait ekimen daude. 80. hamarkadaren hasieratik aurrera, herrialde garatuetako kontsumoa izugarri hazi zen. Neurririk gabe gastatu beharra obsezio bilakatu zen askorentzat. Laburbilduz, kontsumoaren ondorioak hauek dira: \n* Herrialde garatuen eta Hirugarren Munduko herrialdeen arteko desberdintasunak areagotzen dira. \n* Natura-erreserbak agortzen dira eta hondakinak ugaritzen dira. Horrek ingurumena kaltetzea dakar. \n* Kontsumitzaile batzuengan frustrazioa sortzen da, ezin dutelako nahi dutena erosi. \n* Kontsumitzaileek beren identitatea itxuraldatzen dute: garrantzitsu sentitzen dira dutenagatik. \n* Biztanleriaren arteko desberdintasunak eta aurreiritziak ugaritzen dira. Enpresak gehiago arduratzen dira kontsumitzera bultzatzeko antsietatea sortzeaz, produktuen kalitateaz baino. XXI. mendeko gaixotasunen artean, erosketekiko mendekotasuna dago. Horren arrazoiak pozik ez egotea, kontsumismoa, materialismoa, eta asisialdia eta denbora librea kudeatzeko gaitasunik ez izatea dira. Sintomak, berriz, hauek dira: armairu beteak, zorrak eta nork bere burua zuritzeko aitzakiak.Mendekotasuna duenaren ohiko profila hau da: pertsona langilea, independentea eta, gehienetan, bere bizitza afektiboarekin gustura ez dagoena; aisialdiko orduak merkataritza-gune handietan ematen ditu, astean bi, gutxienez."@eu . "El consumisme \u00E9s un corrent econ\u00F2mic fonamentat en l'increment infinit de consum de b\u00E9ns. \u00C9s una opci\u00F3 filos\u00F2fica i econ\u00F2mica que preconitza que la felicitat rau en la compra de b\u00E9ns i serveis i aix\u00ED es contribueix al creixement econ\u00F2mic. Es centra en la idea de l'imaginari col\u00B7lectiu, ja que es creen una s\u00E8rie de valors comuns de la societat en la qual tothom t\u00E9 la necessitat de comprar i consumir el mateix producte. L'opci\u00F3 es resumeix en la frase ir\u00F2nica \u00ABcompro, per tant existeixo\u00BB, una par\u00E0frasi de la idea de Ren\u00E9 Descartes (1596-1650) \u00ABpenso, per tant existeixo\u00BB. El model econ\u00F2mic del consum infinit en una Terra de recursos finits \u00E9s subjecte de cr\u00EDtica, pel desgast i el seu impacte en els recursos naturals i l'equilibri ecol\u00F2gic. La terra no t\u00E9 prou recursos (s\u00F2l arable, primeres mat\u00E8ries\u2026) per poder generalitzar a tots els habitants del planeta el volum de consum de recursos per capita de la societat occidental. Per la seva influ\u00E8ncia en el canvi clim\u00E0tic, els m\u00E8todes de producci\u00F3 per respondre a la demanda creixent inherent al consumisme produeixen residus t\u00F2xics i altres efectes que redueixen encara m\u00E9s els recursos limitats d'aigua potable i terra arable."@ca . . . "Consumismo"@es . . . "\uC18C\uBE44\uC8FC\uC758(\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9, \uC601\uC5B4: consumerism)\uB294 \uB300\uB7C9\uC758 \uC7AC\uD654\uC640 \uC6A9\uC5ED\uC758 \uAD6C\uC785\uC744 \uBD80\uCD94\uAE30\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uACBD\uC81C\uC801 \uBCC0\uD654\uC774\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85\uACFC \uB354\uBD88\uC5B4, \uD2B9\uD788 20\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB300\uB7C9\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC740 \uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC838 \uC0C1\uD488\uC758 \uACF5\uAE09\uC774 \uC18C\uBE44\uC790\uC758 \uC218\uC694\uB97C \uCD08\uACFC\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC81C\uC870\uC5C5\uCCB4\uB4E4\uC740 \uACC4\uD68D\uC801 \uAD6C\uC2DD\uD654\uC640 \uAD11\uACE0\uB85C \uC804\uD5A5\uD558\uC5EC \uC18C\uBE44\uC790\uC758 \uC18C\uBE44\uB97C \uC870\uC885\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1899\uB144, The Theory of the Leisure Class\uB77C\uB294 \uC81C\uBAA9\uC758 \uBCA0\uBE14\uB80C(Thorstein Veblen)\uC758 \uCC45\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB41C \uC18C\uBE44\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uB9CC\uC5F0\uD574\uC9C4 \"\uC5EC\uAC00 \uC2DC\uAC04\"\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD55C \uB9CC\uC5F0\uD574\uC9C4 \uAC00\uCE58\uB4E4\uACFC \uACBD\uC81C\uAE30\uAD00\uB4E4\uC744 \uC870\uC0AC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uCC45\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uBE14\uB80C\uC740 \uC774 \uC720\uD55C\uACC4\uAE09\uC758 \uD65C\uB3D9\uACFC \uC18C\uBE44 \uD589\uD0DC\uB97C \uB69C\uB837\uD558\uACE0 \uB300\uB9AC \uACBD\uD5D8\uC801 \uC18C\uBE44\uC640 \uB0AD\uBE44 \uBA74\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC14\uB77C\uBCF4\uBA74\uC11C \uC774 \uB458\uC740 \uC9C0\uC704\uC758 \uD45C\uCD9C\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC774\uB098 \uC720\uC6A9\uC131\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC774 \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uD558\uBA74 \uB300\uB7C9\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC774 \uB110\uB9AC \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uACE0 \uB610 \uB300\uB7C9\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC774 \uC9C4\uC804\uB418\uBA74 \uD655\uB300\uC7AC\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC774 \uD544\uC694\uD574\uC838\uC11C, \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uD574\uC11C\uB4E0\uC9C0 \uB300\uB7C9\uD310\uB9E4\uB97C \uCD94\uC9C4\uD558\uC5EC \uB300\uB7C9\uC18C\uBE44\uB97C \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC73C\uBA74 \uC548 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB97C \uC704\uD574 \uC120\uC804\u00B7\uAD11\uACE0\uC758 \uAE30\uC220\uC740 \uC18C\uBE44\uD589\uB3D9 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uB294 \uC7A5\uC871\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uBCF4\uC544 \uB300\uC911\uC758 \uAD6C\uB9E4\uB825\uC744 \uB04C\uC5B4 \uC62C\uB9AC\uB294 \uB370 \uAE30\uC5EC\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8 \uB300\uC911\uB3C4 \uB178\uB3D9\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC131\uC758 \uBE44\uC57D\uC801\uC778 \uC0C1\uC2B9\uACFC \uACBD\uC81C\uC131\uC7A5\uC744 \uBC30\uACBD\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11C \uC18C\uB4DD\uC218\uC900\uB3C4 \uC810\uCC28\uB85C \uB192\uC544\uC9C0\uACE0, \uC0DD\uD65C\uC758 \uB2E4\uC591\uD654\uC640 \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uC5D0 \uC751\uD574\uC11C \uC0DD\uD65C\uC694\uAD6C\uAC00 \uB2E4\uC591\uD574\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC218\uC900\uC758 \uC0C1\uC2B9\uC744 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC654\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC804\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uC744 \uC815\uB3C4\uC758 \uAD6C\uB9E4\uB825\uC744 \uAC16\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uACFC \uAE30\uC5C5\uC790\uC758 \uD314\uACA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uB178\uB825\uC774 \uACB0\uD569\uB418\uC5B4 \uC18C\uC704 \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uC0DD\uD65C\uD601\uBA85\uC774\uB77C\uB4E0\uAC00 \uC18C\uBE44\uD601\uBA85\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC0AC\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098 \uB300\uB7C9\uC18C\uBE44\uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604\uC744 \uAC00\uC838\uC654\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0641\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629\u061B \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064A\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u062D\u062B \u0623\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C\u064A\u0624\u062A\u064A \u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629.\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060C \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . "Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the Industrial Revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to overproduction\u2014the supply of goods would grow beyond consumer demand, and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to manipulate consumer spending. In 1899, a book on consumerism published by Thorstein Veblen, called The Theory of the Leisure Class, examined the widespread values and economic institutions emerging along with the widespread \"leisure time\" at the beginning of the 20th century. In it, Veblen \"views the activities and spending habits of this leisure class in terms of conspicuous and vicarious consumption and waste. Both relate to the display of status and not to functionality or usefulness.\" In economics, consumerism may refer to economic policies that emphasise consumption. In an abstract sense, it is the consideration that the free choice of consumers should strongly orient the choice by manufacturers of what is produced and how, and therefore orient the economic organization of a society (compare producerism, especially in the British sense of the term). Consumerism has been widely criticized by both individuals who choose other ways of participating in the economy (i.e. choosing simple living or slow living) and experts evaluating the effects of modern capitalism on the world. Experts often assert that consumerism has physical limits, such as growth imperative and overconsumption, which have larger impacts on the environment, including direct effects like overexploitation of natural resources or large amounts of waste from disposable goods, and larger effects like climate change. Similarly, some research and criticism focuses on the sociological effects of consumerism, such as reinforcement of class barriers and creation of inequalities."@en . . . "Konsumismus"@de . . "56931"^^ . . . "Consumismo"@pt . . . . . . . . "1121546384"^^ . . "Er zijn verschillende betekenissen van consumentisme: \n* een georganiseerde beweging van burgers en overheidsinstanties, om de rechten en de macht van consumenten ten opzichte van aanbieders te vergroten, zie consumentenbescherming; \n* een ideologie die het consumentisme ziet als de tegenhanger van communisme en socialisme, en andere beperkingen van de vrije markt; \n* consumptisme, een manier van leven waarin het regelmatig aanschaffen van secundaire goederen belangrijk is; daarbij speelt de invloed van het bezit van het product op de sociale status een rol, en het (willen) behoren tot een bepaalde groep (identiteit)."@nl . . . "Konsumismo povas referenci kaj al la akumulo, a\u0109eto a\u016D konsumo de varoj kaj servoj konsiderataj neesencaj, kiaj la politika kaj ekonomia sistemoj kiu helpas la konkurencan akiron de ri\u0109o kiel signo de statuso kaj ene de grupo. Konsumismo a\u016D grandskala konsumo en la nuntempa socio akre endan\u011Derigas la krudmaterialojn kaj la da\u016Dripovan disvolvi\u011Don, se oni ne okazigas alternativajn konstrupolitikojn rilataj al la da\u016Dripova disvolvi\u011Do -ekologiismo, da\u016Dripova nekresko, responsa konsumo, agrikulturo-. La konsumismo, komprenita kiel senmezura akiro a\u016D a\u0109etado, idealigas siajn efikojn kaj konsekvencojn asociante ties praktikon kun la atingo de la persona kontentigo kaj e\u0109 de la persona feli\u0109o."@eo . . . . "Konzumerismus"@cs . . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AConsumerism\uFF09\u6307\u76F8\u4FE1\u6301\u7E8C\u53CA\u589E\u52A0\u6D88\u8CBB\u6D3B\u52D5\u6709\u52A9\u65BC\u7D93\u6FDF\u7684\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u3002\u5275\u9020\u51FA\u5728\u751F\u6D3B\u614B\u5EA6\u4E0A\u5C0D\u5546\u54C1\u7684\u53EF\u6B32\u53CA\u9700\u6C42\uFF08\u591A\u6D88\u8CBB\u662F\u597D\u4E8B\uFF09\u8B93\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u53EF\u4EE5\u63D0\u9AD8\u5DE5\u8CC7\u53CA\u63D0\u9AD8\u6D88\u8CBB\u3002\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\u70BA\u5DF2\u958B\u767C\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u5F15\u64CE\uFF0C\u4F7F\u73FE\u4EE3\u4EBA\u6709\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8207\u7372\u5F97\u5546\u54C1\u7684\u793E\u6703\u53CA\u7D93\u6FDF\u4E0A\u7684\u4FE1\u5FF5\u53CA\u96C6\u9AD4\u60C5\u7DD2\u3002\u7136\u800C\u5728\u793E\u6703\u79D1\u5B78\u9818\u57DF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u9818\u57DF\u56E0\u5404\u5225\u77E5\u8B58\u50B3\u7D71\u5C0D\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\u8207\u8A6E\u91CB\uFF0C\u6B64\u5DEE\u7570\u4E5F\u53CD\u6620\u5728\u5982\u3001\u3001\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u4FDD\u8B77\u3001\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u6B0A\u5229\u7B49\u6982\u5FF5\u53CA\u5BE6\u8E10\u4E0A\u3002"@zh . . "Consumentisme"@nl . . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AConsumerism\uFF09\u6307\u76F8\u4FE1\u6301\u7E8C\u53CA\u589E\u52A0\u6D88\u8CBB\u6D3B\u52D5\u6709\u52A9\u65BC\u7D93\u6FDF\u7684\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u3002\u5275\u9020\u51FA\u5728\u751F\u6D3B\u614B\u5EA6\u4E0A\u5C0D\u5546\u54C1\u7684\u53EF\u6B32\u53CA\u9700\u6C42\uFF08\u591A\u6D88\u8CBB\u662F\u597D\u4E8B\uFF09\u8B93\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u53EF\u4EE5\u63D0\u9AD8\u5DE5\u8CC7\u53CA\u63D0\u9AD8\u6D88\u8CBB\u3002\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\u70BA\u5DF2\u958B\u767C\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u5F15\u64CE\uFF0C\u4F7F\u73FE\u4EE3\u4EBA\u6709\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8207\u7372\u5F97\u5546\u54C1\u7684\u793E\u6703\u53CA\u7D93\u6FDF\u4E0A\u7684\u4FE1\u5FF5\u53CA\u96C6\u9AD4\u60C5\u7DD2\u3002\u7136\u800C\u5728\u793E\u6703\u79D1\u5B78\u9818\u57DF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u9818\u57DF\u56E0\u5404\u5225\u77E5\u8B58\u50B3\u7D71\u5C0D\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\u8207\u8A6E\u91CB\uFF0C\u6B64\u5DEE\u7570\u4E5F\u53CD\u6620\u5728\u5982\u3001\u3001\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u4FDD\u8B77\u3001\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u6B0A\u5229\u7B49\u6982\u5FF5\u53CA\u5BE6\u8E10\u4E0A\u3002"@zh . . . . "Er zijn verschillende betekenissen van consumentisme: \n* een georganiseerde beweging van burgers en overheidsinstanties, om de rechten en de macht van consumenten ten opzichte van aanbieders te vergroten, zie consumentenbescherming; \n* een ideologie die het consumentisme ziet als de tegenhanger van communisme en socialisme, en andere beperkingen van de vrije markt; \n* consumptisme, een manier van leven waarin het regelmatig aanschaffen van secundaire goederen belangrijk is; daarbij speelt de invloed van het bezit van het product op de sociale status een rol, en het (willen) behoren tot een bepaalde groep (identiteit). Het begrip ontstond in de Verenigde Staten, met de opkomst van de consumptiemaatschappij in de twintigste eeuw. Waar eerder de markt geacht werd zichzelf te reguleren, bleek dit niet altijd voldoende te werken, zodat consumenten zich begonnen te verenigen in consumentenbewegingen en -organisaties. In de jaren zestig van de twintigste eeuw begonnen de en de de term op een negatieve manier te gebruiken om die bewegingen in een kwaad daglicht te stellen. Ook het werk van als special assistant van de president voor Consumer Affairs werd op die manier bejegend. Rond die tijd kwam echter ook een ander gebruik van de term op, zoals bij die tijdens het in 1955 consumentisme zag als een tegenhanger van communisme en socialisme. Consumeren wordt dan gezien als een recht, een recht dat zonodig tot in extreme vorm wordt verdedigd. Daarnaast wordt consumentisme dan ook wel gezien als goed voor de economie en daarom nastrevenswaardig. In die context kreeg het echter ook een negatieve lading, zoals bij in zijn boek uit 1960. Consumentisme wordt dan gezien als verspilling, iets wat Thorstein Veblen al in 1899 signaleerde in zijn werk . Veblen merkte in zijn boek op dat conspicuous consumption (opzichtige consumptie) diende om de sociale status van de consument te verhogen."@nl . "\u039F \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C8\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03C5\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B1\u03B3\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD . \u03A3\u03C5\u03C7\u03BD\u03AC \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03C6\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u039A\u03B1\u03C1\u03BB \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0398\u03BF\u03C1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC\u03B9\u03BD \u0392\u03AD\u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03B5\u03BD. \u03A7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC, \u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AD\u03BC\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03CD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2."@el . . . . "\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0641\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629\u061B \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064A\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u062D\u062B \u0623\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C\u064A\u0624\u062A\u064A \u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629.\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060C \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u060C \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u064A\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062A\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0636\u062D \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u060C \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0631\u062F\u060C \u064A\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0646\u0628\u063A\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 (\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u063A\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0628\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D)."@ar . . "Kontsumismoa beharrezkoa denaz gainera gero eta produktu eta zerbitzu gehiagoren kontsumoa bultzatzen duen gizarte-jarrera eta gizabanakoengan duen ondorioa da. Oro har, kontsumismo terminoa modu gaitzesgarrian erabiltzen da, eta pertsona baten neurriz kanpoko kontsumoa adierazteko erabiltzen da, behar ez diren eta finean asebetetzen ez duten produktuak erosiz. Terminoa gizartean gertatzen den gehiegizko kontsumoak ingurumenean dituen ondorio kaltegarriak nabarmentzeko ere erabiltzen da. Laburbilduz, kontsumoaren ondorioak hauek dira:"@eu . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3072\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u82F1: Consumerism\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001 1. \n* \u5927\u91CF\u306E\u8CA1\u30FB\u30B5\u30FC\u30D3\u30B9\u306E\u8CFC\u5165\u3092\u5968\u52B1\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u7684\u8981\u6C42\u3002 2. \n* \u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u904B\u52D5\u30FB\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u4FDD\u8B77\u3002"@ja . . . . "Konsumerisme merupakan ideologi yang menjadikan seseorang atau kelompok menjalankan proses konsumsi atau pemakaian barang-barang hasil produksi secara berlebihan, tanpa sadar dan berkelanjutan. Pembelian barang-barang hanya didasari oleh keinginan dan tidak mempertimbangkan kebutuhan. Pada mulanya, konsumerisme adalah sebuah gerakan perlindungan terhadap konsumen. Seiring dengan berkembangnya filsafat materialisme dan positivisme, pandangan konsumerisme berkembang menjadi suatu konsumsi dengan teknologi modern yang bersifat boros. Konsumerisme terbentuk melalui pembangunan pusat-pusat hiburan dan pusat-pusat perbelanjaan di kota-kota besar."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u044C\u044E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. consumerism) \u2014 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439: \n* \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439; \n* \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . "Konsumism \u00E4r ett ord som myntades p\u00E5 1970-talet[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs] f\u00F6r att beteckna v\u00E4stv\u00E4rldens inst\u00E4llning till att konsumera, att konsumtionen menades g\u00F6ra m\u00E4nniskan lycklig. Ordet anv\u00E4nds framf\u00F6rallt i kritik mot fenomenet och mot kapitalismen, och avser \u00E4ven p\u00E5 ett djupare plan att materiella v\u00E4rden r\u00E5der \u00F6ver andra v\u00E4rden som betraktas som h\u00F6gre (religi\u00F6sa, kulturella, med mer)[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs]. Pasolini h\u00E4vdade att konsumismen var en sorts totalitarism. Inom nationalekonomin betyder konsumismteorin att \u00F6kad konsumtion \u00E4r ekonomiskt gynnsam."@sv . . . . . . . "El consumismo es la compra o acumulaci\u00F3n de bienes y servicios considerados no esenciales. El consumismo a gran escala en la sociedad contempor\u00E1nea compromete los recursos naturales y la econom\u00EDa sostenible.\u200B Las alternativas a algunos de los problemas del consumismo son el desarrollo sostenible, el ecologismo, el decrecimiento y el consumo responsable. La publicidad idealiza la satisfacci\u00F3n y felicidad personal producida por el consumismo.\u200B"@es . . . . . "Il consumismo \u00E8 un fenomeno economico-sociale tipico delle societ\u00E0 industrializzate, nelle quali, per far fronte alla elevata produttivit\u00E0, \u00E8 necessario il riacquisto continuo di beni e servizi. Il consumismo \u00E8 stato criticato sia da persone che scelgono altri modi di partecipare all'economia (per esempio una vita semplice o una vita lenta) e sia da alcuni opinionisti che valutano gli effetti negativi del capitalismo moderno sul mondo: questi spesso evidenziano, a loro parere, il collegamento del consumismo con questioni come l'imperativo della crescita e il consumo eccessivo, che hanno un impatto maggiore sull'ambiente, compresi effetti diretti come il sovrasfruttamento delle risorse naturali o grandi quantit\u00E0 di rifiuti provenienti da beni usa e getta, e maggiori effetti danni sul cambia"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Konsumismus (von lateinisch consumere \u2013 verbrauchen; auch Konsumerismus oder Konsumentismus) ist eine Lebenshaltung, die darauf ausgerichtet ist, das Bed\u00FCrfnis nach neuen Konsumg\u00FCtern stets zu befriedigen. Es kann zum Beispiel der gesellschaftlichen Distinktion oder dem Streben nach Identit\u00E4t, Lebenssinn und Gl\u00FCck dienen. Eine krankhafte Extremform ist die Kaufsucht. Der Begriff Konsumismus wird meist in kritischer Absicht verwendet."@de . . "Consum\u00E9risme"@fr . "Consumismo"@it . . . . . . . . . "\uC18C\uBE44\uC8FC\uC758"@ko . . . . "Konsumpcjonizm"@pl . "Konzumerismus je tendence nadm\u011Brn\u011B nakupovat a hromadit p\u0159edm\u011Bty a po\u017Eitky za \u00FA\u010Delem zvy\u0161ov\u00E1n\u00ED osobn\u00EDho \u0161t\u011Bst\u00ED. \u010Casto je p\u0159edm\u011Btem kritiky, a to u\u017E od doby Karla Marxe[zdroj?!] a Thorsteina Veblena. V ekonomice konzumerismus m\u016F\u017Ee znamenat ekonomick\u00E9 z\u00E1sady, kter\u00E9 zd\u016Fraz\u0148uj\u00ED spot\u0159ebu a (v abstraktn\u00EDm smyslu) v\u00EDru, \u017Ee svobodn\u00E1 volba spot\u0159ebitel\u016F m\u016F\u017Ee diktovat podobu ekonomiky spole\u010Dnosti."@cs . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3072\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u82F1: Consumerism\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001 1. \n* \u5927\u91CF\u306E\u8CA1\u30FB\u30B5\u30FC\u30D3\u30B9\u306E\u8CFC\u5165\u3092\u5968\u52B1\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u7684\u8981\u6C42\u3002 2. \n* \u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u904B\u52D5\u30FB\u6D88\u8CBB\u8005\u4FDD\u8B77\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9"@ja . . . "O consumismo \u00E9 um estilo de vida orientado por uma crescente propens\u00E3o ao consumo de bens ou servi\u00E7os, em geral sup\u00E9rfluos, em raz\u00E3o do seu significado simb\u00F3lico (prazer, sucesso, felicidade), frequentemente atribu\u00EDdo pelos meios de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o social. O termo \u00E9 muitas vezes associado \u00E0 cr\u00EDtica do soci\u00F3logo e economista Thorstein Veblen, \u00E0 cultura de massa e \u00E0 ind\u00FAstria cultural. O conceito mais antigo de \"consumo consp\u00EDcuo\" tem origem na virada do s\u00E9culo XX nos escritos de Veblen. O termo descreve uma forma aparentemente racional e confusa de comportamento econ\u00F4mico. Segundo Veblen, esse consumo desnecess\u00E1rio \u00E9 uma forma de exibi\u00E7\u00E3o do status, muitas vezes \u00E0s custas das priva\u00E7\u00F5es. A express\u00E3o \"consumo consp\u00EDcuo\", que descrevia o consumismo observado nos Estados Unidos no p\u00F3s-guerra, generalizou-se na d\u00E9cada de 1960, mas logo foi ligada ao debate sobre a cultura de massa."@pt . . . . "\u041F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u044C\u044E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. consumerism) \u2014 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439: \n* \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439; \n* \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . "Consumisme"@ca . . . . . "El consumisme \u00E9s un corrent econ\u00F2mic fonamentat en l'increment infinit de consum de b\u00E9ns. \u00C9s una opci\u00F3 filos\u00F2fica i econ\u00F2mica que preconitza que la felicitat rau en la compra de b\u00E9ns i serveis i aix\u00ED es contribueix al creixement econ\u00F2mic. Es centra en la idea de l'imaginari col\u00B7lectiu, ja que es creen una s\u00E8rie de valors comuns de la societat en la qual tothom t\u00E9 la necessitat de comprar i consumir el mateix producte."@ca . . . . . . "Consumerism"@en . "Konsumerisme"@in . . "\u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u044E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C"@uk . . . . "\u039A\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2"@el . . "Konsumerisme merupakan ideologi yang menjadikan seseorang atau kelompok menjalankan proses konsumsi atau pemakaian barang-barang hasil produksi secara berlebihan, tanpa sadar dan berkelanjutan. Pembelian barang-barang hanya didasari oleh keinginan dan tidak mempertimbangkan kebutuhan. Pada mulanya, konsumerisme adalah sebuah gerakan perlindungan terhadap konsumen. Seiring dengan berkembangnya filsafat materialisme dan positivisme, pandangan konsumerisme berkembang menjadi suatu konsumsi dengan teknologi modern yang bersifat boros. Konsumerisme terbentuk melalui pembangunan pusat-pusat hiburan dan pusat-pusat perbelanjaan di kota-kota besar."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC18C\uBE44\uC8FC\uC758(\u6D88\u8CBB\u4E3B\u7FA9, \uC601\uC5B4: consumerism)\uB294 \uB300\uB7C9\uC758 \uC7AC\uD654\uC640 \uC6A9\uC5ED\uC758 \uAD6C\uC785\uC744 \uBD80\uCD94\uAE30\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uACBD\uC81C\uC801 \uBCC0\uD654\uC774\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85\uACFC \uB354\uBD88\uC5B4, \uD2B9\uD788 20\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB300\uB7C9\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC740 \uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC838 \uC0C1\uD488\uC758 \uACF5\uAE09\uC774 \uC18C\uBE44\uC790\uC758 \uC218\uC694\uB97C \uCD08\uACFC\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC81C\uC870\uC5C5\uCCB4\uB4E4\uC740 \uACC4\uD68D\uC801 \uAD6C\uC2DD\uD654\uC640 \uAD11\uACE0\uB85C \uC804\uD5A5\uD558\uC5EC \uC18C\uBE44\uC790\uC758 \uC18C\uBE44\uB97C \uC870\uC885\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1899\uB144, The Theory of the Leisure Class\uB77C\uB294 \uC81C\uBAA9\uC758 \uBCA0\uBE14\uB80C(Thorstein Veblen)\uC758 \uCC45\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB41C \uC18C\uBE44\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uB9CC\uC5F0\uD574\uC9C4 \"\uC5EC\uAC00 \uC2DC\uAC04\"\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD55C \uB9CC\uC5F0\uD574\uC9C4 \uAC00\uCE58\uB4E4\uACFC \uACBD\uC81C\uAE30\uAD00\uB4E4\uC744 \uC870\uC0AC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uCC45\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uBE14\uB80C\uC740 \uC774 \uC720\uD55C\uACC4\uAE09\uC758 \uD65C\uB3D9\uACFC \uC18C\uBE44 \uD589\uD0DC\uB97C \uB69C\uB837\uD558\uACE0 \uB300\uB9AC \uACBD\uD5D8\uC801 \uC18C\uBE44\uC640 \uB0AD\uBE44 \uBA74\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC14\uB77C\uBCF4\uBA74\uC11C \uC774 \uB458\uC740 \uC9C0\uC704\uC758 \uD45C\uCD9C\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC774\uB098 \uC720\uC6A9\uC131\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . "170522"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le mot \u00AB consum\u00E9risme \u00BB a plusieurs sens : \n* un sens courant, qui d\u00E9finit l'\u00AB action concert\u00E9e de consommateurs \u00BB face aux entreprises [r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] ; \n* un sens r\u00E9pandu en sociologie, qui d\u00E9finit un \u00AB mode de vie li\u00E9 \u00E0 la consommation \u00BB [r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] ; \n* une th\u00E9orie qui consid\u00E8re l'augmentation de la consommation des biens comme un b\u00E9n\u00E9fice \u00E9conomique[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]."@fr . "Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the Industrial Revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to overproduction\u2014the supply of goods would grow beyond consumer demand, and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to manipulate consumer spending. In 1899, a book on consumerism published by Thorstein Veblen, called The Theory of the Leisure Class, examined the widespread values and economic institutions emerging along with the widespread \"leisure time\" at the beginning of the 20th century. In it, Veblen \"views the activities and spending habits of this leisure class in terms of conspicuous and vicarious consumption and waste. Both relate to the displa"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Konsumismo povas referenci kaj al la akumulo, a\u0109eto a\u016D konsumo de varoj kaj servoj konsiderataj neesencaj, kiaj la politika kaj ekonomia sistemoj kiu helpas la konkurencan akiron de ri\u0109o kiel signo de statuso kaj ene de grupo."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .