. . . . "Control theory in sociology is the idea that two control systems\u2014inner controls and outer controls\u2014work against our tendencies to deviate. Control theory can either be classified as centralized or decentralized. Decentralized control is considered market control. Centralized control is considered bureaucratic control. Some types of control such as clan control are considered to be a mixture of both decentralized and centralized control. Decentralized control or market control is typically maintained through factors such as price, competition, or market share. Centralized control such as bureaucratic control is typically maintained through administrative or hierarchical techniques such as creating standards or policies. An example of mixed control is clan control which has characteristics of both centralized and decentralized control. Mixed control or clan control is typically maintained by keeping a set of values and beliefs or norms and traditions. Containment theory, as developed by Walter Reckless in 1973, states that behavior is caused not by outside stimuli, but by what a person wants most at any given time. According to the control theory, weaker containing social systems result in more deviant behavior. Control theory stresses how weak bonds between the individuals and society free people to deviate or go against the norms, or the people who have weak ties would engage in crimes so they could benefit, or gain something that is to their own interest. This is where strong bonds make deviance more costly. Deviant acts appear attractive to individuals but social bonds stop most people from committing the acts. Deviance is a result of extensive exposure to certain social situations where individuals develop behaviors that attract them to avoid conforming to social norms. Social bonds are used in control theory to help individuals from pursuing these attractive deviations. According to Travis Hirschi, humans are selfish beings, who make decisions based on which choice will give the greatest benefit. A good example of control theory would be that people go to work. Most people do not want to go to work, but they do, because they get paid, to obtain food, water, shelter, and clothing. Hirschi (1969) identifies four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief."@en . "Control theory (sociology)"@en . "1391202"^^ . . . . "Control theory in sociology is the idea that two control systems\u2014inner controls and outer controls\u2014work against our tendencies to deviate. Control theory can either be classified as centralized or decentralized. Decentralized control is considered market control. Centralized control is considered bureaucratic control. Some types of control such as clan control are considered to be a mixture of both decentralized and centralized control. Hirschi (1969) identifies four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief."@en . "\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6 (\u793E\u6703\u5B78)"@zh . . "A Teoria do Controle, enquanto extens\u00E3o do campo da psican\u00E1lise, postula o comportamento humano como sendo direcionado pela fun\u00E7\u00E3o terap\u00EAutica da subjuga\u00E7\u00E3o das amea\u00E7as de outros ou do meio que o cerca. \u00C9 adquirido por produzir o controle de outros atrav\u00E9s de si pr\u00F3prio \u2014 uma vez estando sob controle, o outro deixar\u00E1 de ser uma amea\u00E7a."@pt . . . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08Control theory\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u4EBA\u7684\u4E8C\u500B\u63A7\u5236\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF08\u5167\u90E8\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u5916\u5728\u63A7\u5236\uFF09\u548C\u4EBA\u81EA\u8EAB\u504F\u96E2\u7684\u50BE\u5411\u4E92\u52D5\u5C0D\u6297\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u70BA\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\uFF08centralized\uFF09\u6216\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\uFF08decentralized\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u5169\u8005\u90FD\u6709\u6216\u662F\u90FD\u6C92\u6709\u3002\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u5E02\u573A\u63A7\u5236\u3002\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u5B98\u50DA\u63A7\u5236\u3002\u50CF\u662F\u90E8\u843D\u63A7\u5236\uFF08clan contro\uFF09\u4E4B\u985E\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u5247\u662F\u6DF7\u5408\u4E86\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u3002 \u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u6216\u662F\u5E02\u573A\u63A7\u5236\u4E00\u822C\u662F\u900F\u904E\u4E00\u4E9B\u56E0\u7D20\u4F86\u7DAD\u6301\u7684\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u4EF7\u683C\u3001\u7ADE\u4E89\u53CA\u5E02\u5834\u4F54\u6709\u7387\u7B49\u3002\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u6216\u662F\u5B98\u50DA\u63A7\u5236\u591A\u534A\u662F\u900F\u904E\u4F01\u4E1A\u884C\u653F\u6216\u662F\u5206\u5C64\u6280\u8853\u4F86\u9054\u5230\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u8A02\u5B9A\u6A19\u6E96\u4EE5\u53CA\u653F\u7B56\u7B49\u3002\u50CF\u90E8\u843D\u63A7\u5236\u5C31\u662F\u6DF7\u5408\u5F0F\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u540C\u6642\u5177\u6709\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u7684\u7279\u9EDE\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u662F\u900F\u904E\u7DAD\u8B77\u50F9\u503C\u89C0\u3001\u4FE1\u5FF5\u3001\u898F\u7BC4\u6216\u662F\u50B3\u7D71\u4F86\u7DAD\u6301\u3002 \u57281973\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08Containment theory\uFF09\u5176\u4E2D\u63D0\u5230\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4EBA\u7684\u884C\u70BA\u4E0D\u662F\u7531\u5916\u5728\u523A\u6FC0\u6240\u5F15\u767C\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u56E0\u4ED6\u5FC3\u4E2D\u6700\u60F3\u5F97\u5230\u6216\u9054\u6210\u7684\u60F3\u6CD5\u6240\u7522\u751F\u3002\u4F9D\u7167\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u8F83\u5F31\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u8D8A\u8F68\u884C\u70BA\u3002 \u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u8457\u91CD\u5728\u4E2A\u4F53\u548C\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u5F31\u9023\u7D50\u5982\u4F55\u8B93\u4EBA\u5011\u504F\u96E2\u6216\u662F\u9055\u80CC\u5E38\u898F\u3001\u6216\u662F\u56E0\u70BA\u5176\u5229\u76CA\u6216\u662F\u559C\u597D\u800C\u5F9E\u4E8B\u72AF\u7F6A\u884C\u70BA\u3002\u5728\u5F37\u9023\u7D50\u7684\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u500B\u9AD4\u504F\u96E2\u5E38\u898F\u8981\u4ED8\u8F03\u5927\u7684\u4EE3\u50F9\u3002\u504F\u96E2\u884C\u70BA\u5C0D\u500B\u4EBA\u6709\u5438\u5F15\u529B\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u793E\u4F1A\u9023\u7D50\u8B93\u4EBA\u4E0D\u6703\u5F9E\u4E8B\u90A3\u4E9B\u884C\u70BA\u3002\u504F\u96E2\u884C\u70BA\u662F\u500B\u9AD4\u9577\u671F\u66B4\u9732\u5728\u7279\u5B9A\u793E\u6703\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\u7684\u7D50\u679C\uFF0C\u8B93\u500B\u4EBA\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u4E0D\u50CF\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u53EF\u4EE5\u9075\u5B88\u793E\u6703\u898F\u7BC4\u7684\u60C5\u5F62\u3002\u5728\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6703\u7528\u793E\u6703\u9023\u7D50\u4F86\u907F\u514D\u500B\u4EBA\u53D7\u54EA\u4E9B\u6709\u5438\u5F15\u529B\u7684\u504F\u96E2\u6240\u5F71\u97FF\u3002 \u4F9D\u7167\u7684\u8AD6\u9EDE\uFF0C\u4EBA\u662F\u81EA\u79C1\u7684\uFF0C\u4F5C\u6C7A\u7B56\u6642\u6703\u4EE5\u500B\u4EBA\u53EF\u4EE5\u7372\u5F97\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76CA\u70BA\u57FA\u790E\u3002\u50CF\u5DE5\u4F5C\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u4F8B\u5B50\uFF0C\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u4EBA\u90FD\u5E0C\u671B\u53EF\u4EE5\u4E0D\u5DE5\u4F5C\uFF0C\u4F46\u70BA\u4E86\u8981\u7372\u5F97\u98DF\u7269\u3001\u6C34\u3001\u4F4F\u5C4B\u53CA\u8863\u670D\uFF0C\u4EBA\u4ECD\u7136\u662F\u5DE5\u4F5C\u3002 \u8D6B\u80E5\uFF081969\uFF09\u6307\u51FA\u4E86\u793E\u6703\u9023\u7D50\uFF08social bond\uFF09\u7684\u56DB\u500B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF1A\u4F9D\u9644\u3001\u627F\u8AFE\u3001\u53C3\u8207\u53CA\u4FE1\u5FF5\u3002"@zh . . . . "4067"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Teoria do controle"@pt . "A Teoria do Controle, enquanto extens\u00E3o do campo da psican\u00E1lise, postula o comportamento humano como sendo direcionado pela fun\u00E7\u00E3o terap\u00EAutica da subjuga\u00E7\u00E3o das amea\u00E7as de outros ou do meio que o cerca. \u00C9 adquirido por produzir o controle de outros atrav\u00E9s de si pr\u00F3prio \u2014 uma vez estando sob controle, o outro deixar\u00E1 de ser uma amea\u00E7a."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "1121983727"^^ . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08Control theory\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u4EBA\u7684\u4E8C\u500B\u63A7\u5236\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF08\u5167\u90E8\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u5916\u5728\u63A7\u5236\uFF09\u548C\u4EBA\u81EA\u8EAB\u504F\u96E2\u7684\u50BE\u5411\u4E92\u52D5\u5C0D\u6297\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u70BA\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\uFF08centralized\uFF09\u6216\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\uFF08decentralized\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u5169\u8005\u90FD\u6709\u6216\u662F\u90FD\u6C92\u6709\u3002\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u5E02\u573A\u63A7\u5236\u3002\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u5B98\u50DA\u63A7\u5236\u3002\u50CF\u662F\u90E8\u843D\u63A7\u5236\uFF08clan contro\uFF09\u4E4B\u985E\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u5247\u662F\u6DF7\u5408\u4E86\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u3002 \u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u6216\u662F\u5E02\u573A\u63A7\u5236\u4E00\u822C\u662F\u900F\u904E\u4E00\u4E9B\u56E0\u7D20\u4F86\u7DAD\u6301\u7684\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u4EF7\u683C\u3001\u7ADE\u4E89\u53CA\u5E02\u5834\u4F54\u6709\u7387\u7B49\u3002\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u6216\u662F\u5B98\u50DA\u63A7\u5236\u591A\u534A\u662F\u900F\u904E\u4F01\u4E1A\u884C\u653F\u6216\u662F\u5206\u5C64\u6280\u8853\u4F86\u9054\u5230\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u8A02\u5B9A\u6A19\u6E96\u4EE5\u53CA\u653F\u7B56\u7B49\u3002\u50CF\u90E8\u843D\u63A7\u5236\u5C31\u662F\u6DF7\u5408\u5F0F\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u540C\u6642\u5177\u6709\u5206\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u53CA\u96C6\u6B0A\u5F0F\u63A7\u5236\u7684\u7279\u9EDE\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u662F\u900F\u904E\u7DAD\u8B77\u50F9\u503C\u89C0\u3001\u4FE1\u5FF5\u3001\u898F\u7BC4\u6216\u662F\u50B3\u7D71\u4F86\u7DAD\u6301\u3002 \u57281973\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08Containment theory\uFF09\u5176\u4E2D\u63D0\u5230\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4EBA\u7684\u884C\u70BA\u4E0D\u662F\u7531\u5916\u5728\u523A\u6FC0\u6240\u5F15\u767C\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u56E0\u4ED6\u5FC3\u4E2D\u6700\u60F3\u5F97\u5230\u6216\u9054\u6210\u7684\u60F3\u6CD5\u6240\u7522\u751F\u3002\u4F9D\u7167\u63A7\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8AD6\u8F83\u5F31\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u8D8A\u8F68\u884C\u70BA\u3002 \u4F9D\u7167\u7684\u8AD6\u9EDE\uFF0C\u4EBA\u662F\u81EA\u79C1\u7684\uFF0C\u4F5C\u6C7A\u7B56\u6642\u6703\u4EE5\u500B\u4EBA\u53EF\u4EE5\u7372\u5F97\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76CA\u70BA\u57FA\u790E\u3002\u50CF\u5DE5\u4F5C\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u4F8B\u5B50\uFF0C\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u4EBA\u90FD\u5E0C\u671B\u53EF\u4EE5\u4E0D\u5DE5\u4F5C\uFF0C\u4F46\u70BA\u4E86\u8981\u7372\u5F97\u98DF\u7269\u3001\u6C34\u3001\u4F4F\u5C4B\u53CA\u8863\u670D\uFF0C\u4EBA\u4ECD\u7136\u662F\u5DE5\u4F5C\u3002 \u8D6B\u80E5\uFF081969\uFF09\u6307\u51FA\u4E86\u793E\u6703\u9023\u7D50\uFF08social bond\uFF09\u7684\u56DB\u500B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF1A\u4F9D\u9644\u3001\u627F\u8AFE\u3001\u53C3\u8207\u53CA\u4FE1\u5FF5\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "Kontroll- och tillf\u00E4llesstrukturteorierna \u00E4r inom kriminologin ett ideologiskt konservativt alternativ till de progressiva konfliktteorierna som var mycket popul\u00E4ra under 1960- och 1970-talen. I takt med att konfliktteorierna minskade sitt inflytande kom den radikala kriminologin att tappa mark. Efter andra h\u00E4lften av 1970-talet vann kontroll- och tillf\u00E4llesstrukturteorierna mark och \u00F6kad popularitet inom den kriminologiska debatten. Idag domineras kriminologin av den administrativa kriminologin som h\u00E4mtar sin bas ur teorier om kontroll och tillf\u00E4llesstruktur. Det gemensamma f\u00F6r kontrollteoriernas utg\u00E5ngspunkt \u00E4r fr\u00E5gan Varf\u00F6r finns det lagliga m\u00E4nniskor?. Teorierna antar att alla har en \"\u00F6nskan\" att beg\u00E5 brott och avvikande handlingar och att det finns en rationell grund f\u00F6r detta. Fokus ligger allts\u00E5 inte p\u00E5 brottsligheten och dess orsaker utan p\u00E5 konformiteten och dess grund. Kontrollteoretikerna f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker finna svaret p\u00E5 \u00E4r varf\u00F6r inte alla beg\u00E5r brott. Svaret p\u00E5 fr\u00E5gan skiljer sig n\u00E5got mellan de olika teorierna men de \u00E4r \u00F6verens om att de flesta avh\u00E5ller sig fr\u00E5n brottsligt beteende genom samh\u00E4llets eller den egna kontrollen."@sv . . "Kontroll- och tillf\u00E4llesstrukturteori"@sv . . . . . . . . "Kontroll- och tillf\u00E4llesstrukturteorierna \u00E4r inom kriminologin ett ideologiskt konservativt alternativ till de progressiva konfliktteorierna som var mycket popul\u00E4ra under 1960- och 1970-talen. I takt med att konfliktteorierna minskade sitt inflytande kom den radikala kriminologin att tappa mark. Efter andra h\u00E4lften av 1970-talet vann kontroll- och tillf\u00E4llesstrukturteorierna mark och \u00F6kad popularitet inom den kriminologiska debatten. Idag domineras kriminologin av den administrativa kriminologin som h\u00E4mtar sin bas ur teorier om kontroll och tillf\u00E4llesstruktur."@sv . . .