. . "1105122386"^^ . . "\u6CE2\u862D\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u6CE2\u5170\u7B2C\u4E00\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6642\u671F\uFF0C\u5883\u5167\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u6703\u767C\u8D77\u7684\u4E00\u9805\u904B\u52D5\uFF0C\u4EE5\u56E0\u61C9\u7576\u6642\u570B\u5167\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uFF0C\u4E26\u7372\u5F97\u6CE2\u862D\u541B\u4E3B\u652F\u6301\u3002\u6B64\u8209\u53EF\u8996\u70BA\u897F\u6B50\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u652F\u6D41\uFF0C\u4F46\u56E0\u70BA\u6CE2\u862D\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\u806F\u90A6\u6578\u4E16\u7D00\u4F86\uFF0C\u5C0D\u591A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u53CA\u591A\u6C11\u65CF\u63A1\u5BEC\u5BB9\u653F\u7B56\uFF08\u5341\u516D\u4E16\u7D00\u81F3\u5341\u516B\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CE2\u862D\u5C0D\u7570\u6559\u5F92\u7684\u93AE\u58D3\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u70BA\u67D4\u548C\u3002 \u8207\u7576\u6642\u9677\u65BC\u9577\u671F\u5B97\u6559\u6230\u722D\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u6B50\u6D32\u570B\u5BB6\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u5167\u7684\u60C5\u6CC1\u986F\u5F97\u7279\u5225\u4E0D\u540C\u3002\u73FE\u4EE3\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u7A31\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u70BA\u300C\u7121\u706B\u5211\u570B\u5BB6\u300D\u3002\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u7684\u570B\u738B\uFF0C\u5982\u63DA\u30FB\u5361\u9F4A\u7C73\u65E5\uFF08\u8036\u7A4C\u6703\u6703\u58EB\u53CA\u6A1E\u6A5F\u4E3B\u6559\uFF09\u7B49\uFF0C\u4E26\u672A\u5C0D\u5176\u53CD\u5C0D\u8005\u52A0\u4EE5\u8FEB\u5BB3\uFF0C\u4E14\u8A31\u591A\u4EBA\u7686\u610F\u8B58\u5230\u63A1\u53D6\u897F\u6B50\u7684\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u93AE\u58D3\u6A21\u5F0F\uFF0C\u5C07\u5C0E\u81F4\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u9019\u500B\u591A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u5167\u90E8\u5206\u88C2\uFF0C\u906D\u9130\u570B\u8D81\u865B\u800C\u5165\u3002\u5373\u4FBF\u5982\u6B64\uFF0C\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u5167\u5C0D\u7570\u6559\u5F92\u5404\u7A2E\u7A0B\u5EA6\u7684\u93AE\u58D3\u548C\u8FEB\u5BB3\uFF0C\u537B\u6301\u7E8C\u81F3\u6CE2\u862D\u88AB\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u74DC\u5206\u70BA\u6B62\u3002\u6CE2\u862D\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4EE3\u8868\u70BA\u3002"@zh . . "Counter-reformation in Poland refers to the response (Counter-Reformation) of Catholic Church in Poland (more precisely, the Kingdom of Poland until 1568, and thereafter the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth) to the spread of Protestantism in Poland (the Protestant Reformation). Counter-reformation in Poland lasted from the mid-16th century until the mid-18th century and ended with the victory of the Catholic Church, which succeeded in significantly reducing the influence of Protestantism in Poland."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Counter-Reformation in Poland"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6CE2\u862D\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769"@zh . . . . "\u6CE2\u862D\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u6CE2\u5170\u7B2C\u4E00\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6642\u671F\uFF0C\u5883\u5167\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u6703\u767C\u8D77\u7684\u4E00\u9805\u904B\u52D5\uFF0C\u4EE5\u56E0\u61C9\u7576\u6642\u570B\u5167\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uFF0C\u4E26\u7372\u5F97\u6CE2\u862D\u541B\u4E3B\u652F\u6301\u3002\u6B64\u8209\u53EF\u8996\u70BA\u897F\u6B50\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u652F\u6D41\uFF0C\u4F46\u56E0\u70BA\u6CE2\u862D\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\u806F\u90A6\u6578\u4E16\u7D00\u4F86\uFF0C\u5C0D\u591A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u53CA\u591A\u6C11\u65CF\u63A1\u5BEC\u5BB9\u653F\u7B56\uFF08\u5341\u516D\u4E16\u7D00\u81F3\u5341\u516B\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CE2\u862D\u5C0D\u7570\u6559\u5F92\u7684\u93AE\u58D3\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u70BA\u67D4\u548C\u3002 \u8207\u7576\u6642\u9677\u65BC\u9577\u671F\u5B97\u6559\u6230\u722D\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u6B50\u6D32\u570B\u5BB6\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u5167\u7684\u60C5\u6CC1\u986F\u5F97\u7279\u5225\u4E0D\u540C\u3002\u73FE\u4EE3\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u7A31\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u70BA\u300C\u7121\u706B\u5211\u570B\u5BB6\u300D\u3002\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u7684\u570B\u738B\uFF0C\u5982\u63DA\u30FB\u5361\u9F4A\u7C73\u65E5\uFF08\u8036\u7A4C\u6703\u6703\u58EB\u53CA\u6A1E\u6A5F\u4E3B\u6559\uFF09\u7B49\uFF0C\u4E26\u672A\u5C0D\u5176\u53CD\u5C0D\u8005\u52A0\u4EE5\u8FEB\u5BB3\uFF0C\u4E14\u8A31\u591A\u4EBA\u7686\u610F\u8B58\u5230\u63A1\u53D6\u897F\u6B50\u7684\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u93AE\u58D3\u6A21\u5F0F\uFF0C\u5C07\u5C0E\u81F4\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u9019\u500B\u591A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u5167\u90E8\u5206\u88C2\uFF0C\u906D\u9130\u570B\u8D81\u865B\u800C\u5165\u3002\u5373\u4FBF\u5982\u6B64\uFF0C\u6CE2\u7ACB\u806F\u90A6\u5167\u5C0D\u7570\u6559\u5F92\u5404\u7A2E\u7A0B\u5EA6\u7684\u93AE\u58D3\u548C\u8FEB\u5BB3\uFF0C\u537B\u6301\u7E8C\u81F3\u6CE2\u862D\u88AB\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u74DC\u5206\u70BA\u6B62\u3002\u6CE2\u862D\u53CD\u5B97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4EE3\u8868\u70BA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Kontrreformacja w Polsce"@pl . "Kontrreformacja w Polsce \u2013 dzia\u0142ania podj\u0119te przez Ko\u015Bci\u00F3\u0142 rzymskokatolicki w I Rzeczypospolitej i poparte przez polskich monarch\u00F3w, w reakcji na wyst\u0105pienie reformacji na ziemiach polskich. By\u0142a cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 kontrreformacji przeprowadzanej w Europie Zachodniej, jednak jej polsk\u0105 specyfik\u0105 by\u0142 stosunkowo niski poziom represji wobec innowierc\u00F3w, uwarunkowany wiekow\u0105 tradycj\u0105 tolerancji w wielowyznaniowym i wieloetnicznym pa\u0144stwie polsko-litewskim.Trwa\u0142a od po\u0142owy XVI wieku do po\u0142owy wieku XVIII. To sprawia\u0142o, \u017Ce Rzeczpospolita by\u0142a ewenementem na tle innych \u00F3wczesnych pa\u0144stw europejskich, pogr\u0105\u017Conych w d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142ych wojnach religijnych. Wsp\u00F3\u0142czesna historiografia nazywa Rzeczpospolit\u0105 Obojga Narod\u00F3w pa\u0144stwem bez stos\u00F3w. Zdawano sobie spraw\u0119, \u017Ce wprowadzenie represyjnej kontrreformacji na wz\u00F3r zachodnioeuropejski grozi wewn\u0119trznym rozpadem wielowyznaniowego pa\u0144stwa, co mog\u0105 wykorzysta\u0107 s\u0105siednie kraje. Tym niemniej w Rzeczypospolitej represje i szykany wobec innowierc\u00F3w z r\u00F3\u017Cnym nasileniem trwa\u0142y a\u017C do I rozbioru Polski."@pl . . . . . "17815"^^ . . . . . . . "43042219"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Counter-reformation in Poland refers to the response (Counter-Reformation) of Catholic Church in Poland (more precisely, the Kingdom of Poland until 1568, and thereafter the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth) to the spread of Protestantism in Poland (the Protestant Reformation). Counter-reformation in Poland lasted from the mid-16th century until the mid-18th century and ended with the victory of the Catholic Church, which succeeded in significantly reducing the influence of Protestantism in Poland."@en . "Kontrreformacja w Polsce \u2013 dzia\u0142ania podj\u0119te przez Ko\u015Bci\u00F3\u0142 rzymskokatolicki w I Rzeczypospolitej i poparte przez polskich monarch\u00F3w, w reakcji na wyst\u0105pienie reformacji na ziemiach polskich. By\u0142a cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 kontrreformacji przeprowadzanej w Europie Zachodniej, jednak jej polsk\u0105 specyfik\u0105 by\u0142 stosunkowo niski poziom represji wobec innowierc\u00F3w, uwarunkowany wiekow\u0105 tradycj\u0105 tolerancji w wielowyznaniowym i wieloetnicznym pa\u0144stwie polsko-litewskim.Trwa\u0142a od po\u0142owy XVI wieku do po\u0142owy wieku XVIII."@pl . . . . . .