"Nella condotta delle locomotive a vapore si definisce frenatura a controvapore un particolare tipo di marcia della locomotiva caratterizzata dall'impiego della pressione del vapore come forza resistente anzich\u00E9 come forza motrice. Essa ha lo scopo di moderare la velocit\u00E0 della macchina e del treno e, se necessario, di frenarli rapidamente. Si ottiene portando rapidamente gli organi della distribuzione dalla posizione di marcia in avanti a quella di marcia indietro. Il freno a controvapore fu introdotto dall'ingegnere francese Louis Le Chatelier."@it . . . . "2569"^^ . . . . "\u84B8\u6C17\u5727\u306B\u3088\u308B\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\uFF08\u306F\u3093\u3042\u3064\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u84B8\u6C17\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u306E\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u3092\u7528\u3044\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3092\u639B\u3051\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u7528\u3044\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D4\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u30D0\u30EB\u30D6\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305F\u84B8\u6C17\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306E\u52D5\u4F5C\u539F\u7406\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u5F01\u88C5\u7F6E\u306E\u8A2D\u5B9A\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30D4\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u3092\u62BC\u3057\u3068\u3069\u3081\u308B\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u30D0\u30EB\u30D6\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u304C\u5909\u308F\u308B\u3002 \u84B8\u6C17\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u306E\u9032\u884C\u65B9\u5411\u3078\u306E\u6163\u6027\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306E\u52D5\u4F5C\u65B9\u5411\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306F\u6700\u521D\u306B\u30B3\u30CD\u30AF\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\u30C3\u30C9\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3068\u306A\u308A\u3001\u305D\u308C\u304C\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u304C\u6B62\u307E\u308B\u307E\u3067\u5217\u8ECA\u306E\u52D5\u304F\u529B\u3092\u5F31\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306B\u7A7A\u6C17\u5727\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u529B\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u65B9\u5F0F\u3068\u3001\u84B8\u6C17\u5727\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u529B\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u65B9\u5F0F\u3092\u5171\u306B\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3068\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3084\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u533A\u5225\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u524D\u8005\u304CCounter-pressure brake\u3001\u5F8C\u8005\u304CCountersteam brake\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306F\u82F1\u8A9E\u7248\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u3066\u8A18\u4E8B\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8AAC\u660E\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u524D\u8005\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD (\u7A7A\u6C17)\u3092\u53C2\u7167\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Gegendampfbremse"@de . "A countersteam brake is a brake on a steam locomotive that uses the engine (specifically the cylinders) to help brake the locomotive. It uses the working principle of steam cylinders fitted with slide or piston valves such that, by changing the configuration of the valve gear, the motion of the valves is also altered such that they work in opposition to the movement of the pistons."@en . . "783595330"^^ . . "Bei der Gegendampfbremse handelt es sich um die Ausnutzung des Arbeitsprinzips eines Dampfzylinders mit Rundschiebern an einer Dampflokomotive, mittels \u00C4nderung der Auslegungsrichtung der Steuerung und damit des Vorlaufs des Schiebers gegen\u00FCber dem Dampfkolben die Arbeitsrichtung zu ver\u00E4ndern. Aufgrund des Beharrungsverm\u00F6gens der Dampflokomotive in der bestehenden Bewegungsrichtung bewirkt die ver\u00E4nderte Arbeitsrichtung des Dampfzylinders entgegen der bisherigen Arbeitsrichtung zun\u00E4chst das Abbremsen der Bewegung der Kolbenschubstange und der Kraft\u00FCbertragung auf das Triebwerk der Lokomotive bis zum Stillstand."@de . . . . "\u84B8\u6C17\u5727\u306B\u3088\u308B\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\uFF08\u306F\u3093\u3042\u3064\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u84B8\u6C17\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u306E\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u3092\u7528\u3044\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3092\u639B\u3051\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u7528\u3044\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D4\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u30D0\u30EB\u30D6\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305F\u84B8\u6C17\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306E\u52D5\u4F5C\u539F\u7406\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u5F01\u88C5\u7F6E\u306E\u8A2D\u5B9A\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30D4\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u3092\u62BC\u3057\u3068\u3069\u3081\u308B\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u30D0\u30EB\u30D6\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u304C\u5909\u308F\u308B\u3002 \u84B8\u6C17\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u306E\u9032\u884C\u65B9\u5411\u3078\u306E\u6163\u6027\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306E\u52D5\u4F5C\u65B9\u5411\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306F\u6700\u521D\u306B\u30B3\u30CD\u30AF\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\u30C3\u30C9\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3068\u306A\u308A\u3001\u305D\u308C\u304C\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6A5F\u95A2\u8ECA\u304C\u6B62\u307E\u308B\u307E\u3067\u5217\u8ECA\u306E\u52D5\u304F\u529B\u3092\u5F31\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u306B\u7A7A\u6C17\u5727\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u529B\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u65B9\u5F0F\u3068\u3001\u84B8\u6C17\u5727\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u529B\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u65B9\u5F0F\u3092\u5171\u306B\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD\u3068\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3084\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u533A\u5225\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u524D\u8005\u304CCounter-pressure brake\u3001\u5F8C\u8005\u304CCountersteam brake\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306F\u82F1\u8A9E\u7248\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u3066\u8A18\u4E8B\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8AAC\u660E\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u524D\u8005\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD (\u7A7A\u6C17)\u3092\u53C2\u7167\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "19543879"^^ . "Bei der Gegendampfbremse handelt es sich um die Ausnutzung des Arbeitsprinzips eines Dampfzylinders mit Rundschiebern an einer Dampflokomotive, mittels \u00C4nderung der Auslegungsrichtung der Steuerung und damit des Vorlaufs des Schiebers gegen\u00FCber dem Dampfkolben die Arbeitsrichtung zu ver\u00E4ndern. Aufgrund des Beharrungsverm\u00F6gens der Dampflokomotive in der bestehenden Bewegungsrichtung bewirkt die ver\u00E4nderte Arbeitsrichtung des Dampfzylinders entgegen der bisherigen Arbeitsrichtung zun\u00E4chst das Abbremsen der Bewegung der Kolbenschubstange und der Kraft\u00FCbertragung auf das Triebwerk der Lokomotive bis zum Stillstand. Die Gegendampfbremse arbeitet mit Dampf. Sie wird oft mit der Gegendruckbremse verwechselt, welche aber mit Umgebungsluft arbeitet und als Beharrungsbremse (dynamische Bremse) benutzt wird, und als eigenes Bremssystem zugelassen ist."@de . . . . . . . . . . "\u53CD\u5727\u30D6\u30EC\u30FC\u30AD (\u84B8\u6C17)"@ja . . . . "Nella condotta delle locomotive a vapore si definisce frenatura a controvapore un particolare tipo di marcia della locomotiva caratterizzata dall'impiego della pressione del vapore come forza resistente anzich\u00E9 come forza motrice. Essa ha lo scopo di moderare la velocit\u00E0 della macchina e del treno e, se necessario, di frenarli rapidamente. Si ottiene portando rapidamente gli organi della distribuzione dalla posizione di marcia in avanti a quella di marcia indietro. Il freno a controvapore fu introdotto dall'ingegnere francese Louis Le Chatelier."@it . "Countersteam brake"@en . . . "A countersteam brake is a brake on a steam locomotive that uses the engine (specifically the cylinders) to help brake the locomotive. It uses the working principle of steam cylinders fitted with slide or piston valves such that, by changing the configuration of the valve gear, the motion of the valves is also altered such that they work in opposition to the movement of the pistons. Because of the inertia of a steam locomotive in its initial direction of travel, changing the direction in which the steam cylinders have to work acts first to brake the movement of the connecting rod, which in turn slows the transmission of power to the drive of the locomotive until it stops. The countersteam brake is often confused with the counterpressure brake, which works with air, not steam, and acts as a dynamic brake. Unlike the countersteam brake, the counterpressure brake is permitted to be used as an independent braking system in its own right."@en . . . "Frenatura a controvapore"@it . .