. . . . . . . . "Um palatinado \u00E9 um territ\u00F3rio administrado por um conde palatino, originalmente o representante direto de um soberano, mas posteriormente, o governante heredit\u00E1rio do territ\u00F3rio subordinado ao suserano da coroa. O termo foi usado por muitos estados dentro do Sacro Imp\u00E9rio Romano-Germ\u00E2nico."@pt . . . . . . . . . "Palatinado"@pt . . . . "1110666079"^^ . . . . . . . "623895"^^ . . "En Angleterre, un comt\u00E9 palatin \u00E9tait un territoire plac\u00E9 sous l'autorit\u00E9 d'un comte palatin (ou earl palatin) qui poss\u00E9dait une autorit\u00E9 et une autonomie particuli\u00E8re au sein du royaume. A l'\u00E9poque f\u00E9odale, les comtes palatins exer\u00E7aient une autorit\u00E9 r\u00E9galienne et administraient leur comt\u00E9s tr\u00E8s ind\u00E9pendamment du roi, bien qu'ils lui aient fait all\u00E9geance. Un duch\u00E9 palatin est un territoire similaire, si ce n'est qu'il est sous l'autorit\u00E9 d'un duc. Au Royaume-Uni, il existe ou a exist\u00E9 trois territoires palatins importants : le de Durham, le de Cheshire et le duch\u00E9 de Lancastre."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Palatinat (von lateinisch palatinus \u201Eder im Palast bzw. bei Hofe\u201C) kann folgendes bedeuten:"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "In England, Wales and Ireland a county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom. The name derives from the Latin adjective pal\u0101t\u012Bnus, \"relating to the palace\", from the noun pal\u0101tium, \"palace\". It thus implies the exercise of a quasi-royal prerogative within a county, that is to say a jurisdiction ruled by an earl, the English equivalent of a count. A duchy palatine is similar but is ruled over by a duke, a nobleman of higher precedence than an earl or count."@en . . . "En Angleterre, un comt\u00E9 palatin \u00E9tait un territoire plac\u00E9 sous l'autorit\u00E9 d'un comte palatin (ou earl palatin) qui poss\u00E9dait une autorit\u00E9 et une autonomie particuli\u00E8re au sein du royaume. A l'\u00E9poque f\u00E9odale, les comtes palatins exer\u00E7aient une autorit\u00E9 r\u00E9galienne et administraient leur comt\u00E9s tr\u00E8s ind\u00E9pendamment du roi, bien qu'ils lui aient fait all\u00E9geance. Un duch\u00E9 palatin est un territoire similaire, si ce n'est qu'il est sous l'autorit\u00E9 d'un duc. Au Royaume-Uni, il existe ou a exist\u00E9 trois territoires palatins importants : le de Durham, le de Cheshire et le duch\u00E9 de Lancastre."@fr . "In England, Wales and Ireland a county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom. The name derives from the Latin adjective pal\u0101t\u012Bnus, \"relating to the palace\", from the noun pal\u0101tium, \"palace\". It thus implies the exercise of a quasi-royal prerogative within a county, that is to say a jurisdiction ruled by an earl, the English equivalent of a count. A duchy palatine is similar but is ruled over by a duke, a nobleman of higher precedence than an earl or count. The nobleman swore allegiance to the king yet had the power to rule the county largely independently of the king. It should therefore be distinguished from the feudal barony, held from the king, which possessed no such independent authority. Rulers of counties palatine created their own feudal baronies, to be held directly from them in capite, such as the Barony of Halton. County palatine jurisdictions were created in England under the rule of the Norman dynasty. In continental Europe, they have an earlier date. In general, when a palatine-type autonomy was granted to a lord by the sovereign, it was in a district on the periphery of the kingdom, at a time when the district was at risk from disloyal armed insurgents who could retreat beyond the borders and re-enter. For the English sovereign in Norman times this applied to northern England, Wales and Ireland. As the authority granted was hereditary, some counties palatine legally survived well past the end of the feudal period."@en . . . . . "Um palatinado \u00E9 um territ\u00F3rio administrado por um conde palatino, originalmente o representante direto de um soberano, mas posteriormente, o governante heredit\u00E1rio do territ\u00F3rio subordinado ao suserano da coroa. O termo foi usado por muitos estados dentro do Sacro Imp\u00E9rio Romano-Germ\u00E2nico."@pt . . . . . . . . "Palatinat (von lateinisch palatinus \u201Eder im Palast bzw. bei Hofe\u201C) kann folgendes bedeuten:"@de . . . "Comt\u00E9 palatin (\u00EEles Britanniques)"@fr . "Palatinat"@de . . "County palatine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0397 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u039A\u03BF\u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03C5\u03B2\u03B5\u03C1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03B9\u03C0\u03BF \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9. \u03A4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A6\u03B5\u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03C5\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03C5\u03B2\u03B5\u03C1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03C1\u03BA\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1. \u039A\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A6\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03BF, \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03B7 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u039A\u03BF\u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u039A\u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0396\u03B1\u03BA\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03BF\u03C5, \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03BE\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1185 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1479."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A0\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u039A\u03BF\u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1"@el . . "11093"^^ .