. . . . . "Crooks-Fluktuationstheorem"@de . . "Das Fluktuationstheorem von Crooks, oder k\u00FCrzer Crooks-Fluktuationstheorem (CFT), ist eine Gleichung der statistischen Physik, genauer der Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik. Gegenstand des Theorems ist die Entwicklung eines physikalischen Systems in der Zeit von einem Anfangszustand zu einem Endzustand und die umgekehrte Entwicklung mit vertauschtem Anfangs- und Endzustand. Es k\u00F6nnen dabei auch externe Parameter auf das System einwirken, deren Werte dann beim R\u00FCckw\u00E4rtsprozess in umgekehrter Reihenfolge auftreten."@de . "\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u63FA\u52D5\u5B9A\u7406\uFF08\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u3088\u3046\u3069\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308A\u3001\u82F1: Crooks fluctuation theorem\u3001\u7565\u79F0CFT; \u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u63FA\u3089\u304E\u306E\u5B9A\u7406\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u5909\u63DB\u4E2D\u306B\u7CFB\u306B\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3068\u5909\u63DB\u306E\u7D42\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u59CB\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u306E\u9593\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u5DEE\u3092\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u7D71\u8A08\u529B\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\uFF08Crooks equation\u3001\u7565\u79F0CE\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u5909\u63DB\u4E2D\u306B\u3001\u7CFB\u306F\u5B9A\u7A4D\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3068\u63A5\u89E6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002CFT\u306F\u30011998\u5E74\u306B\u3053\u308C\u3092\u767A\u898B\u3057\u305F\u306B\u3061\u306A\u3093\u3067\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002 CFT\u306E\u6700\u3082\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u8A00\u660E\u306F\u3001\u6642\u7A7A\u9593\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u78BA\u7387\u3068\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u6642\u9593\u53CD\u8EE2\u306E\u78BA\u7387\u3092\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3002\u672C\u5B9A\u7406\u306F\u3001\u3082\u3057\u7CFB\u306E\u52D5\u529B\u5B66\u304C\u3092\u6E80\u305F\u3059\u306A\u3089\u3070\u3001\u30A8\u30F3\u30C8\u30ED\u30D4\u30FC\u3092\u751F\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u306E\u6642\u9593\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u65B9\u304C\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u3088\u308A\u3082\u6307\u6570\u95A2\u6570\u7684\u306B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u9AD8\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u308B\u3002 \u69CB\u6210\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u76F4\u4EA4\u5EA7\u6A19\uFF08\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u30012\u3064\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u9593\u306E\u8DDD\u96E2\uFF09\u306E\u95A2\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7CFB\u306E\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u53CD\u5FDC\u5EA7\u6A19\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u53CD\u5FDC\u5EA7\u6A19\u7D4C\u8DEF\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u305F\u5168\u3066\u306E\u70B9\u3092\u3001\u3068\u304C\u306E2\u3064\u306E\u30A2\u30F3\u30B5\u30F3\u30D6\u30EB\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u30D1\u30E9\u30E1\u30FC\u30BF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5FB4\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u4EFB\u610F\u306E\u6642\u9593\u30B9\u30B1\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306B\u5F93\u3063\u3066\u304C\u30BC\u30ED\u304B\u30891\u306B\u5916\u90E8\u7684\u306B\u99C6\u52D5\u3055\u308C\u308B\u52D5\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u306F\u300C\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u53CD\u8EE2\u7D4C\u8DEF\u306F\u300C\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3092\u6240\u4E0E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001CFT\u306F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E5\u3064\u306E\u91CF\u306E\u9593\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u308B\u3002 \n* \u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u3001\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u6B63\u6E96\u96C6\u56E3\uFF08\u30AB\u30CE\u30CB\u30AB\u30EB\u30A2\u30F3\u30B5\u30F3\u30D6\u30EB\uFF09\u304B\u3089\u5FAE\u8996\u7684\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u53D6\u308B\u540C\u6642\u78BA\u7387\u3068\u3001\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u5FAE\u8996\u7684\u72B6\u614B\u3078\u306E\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u3092\u5B9F\u884C\u3059\u308B\u540C\u6642\u78BA\u7387; \n* \u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u3001\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u6B63\u6E96\u96C6\u56E3\u304B\u3089\u5FAE\u8996\u7684\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u53D6\u308B\u540C\u6642\u78BA\u7387\u3068\u3001\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u5FAE\u8996\u7684\u72B6\u614B\u3078\u306E\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u3092\u5B9F\u884C\u3059\u308B\u540C\u6642\u78BA\u7387; \n* \u3002\u306F\u30DC\u30EB\u30C4\u30DE\u30F3\u5B9A\u6570\u3001\u306F\u71B1\u6D74\u306E\u6E29\u5EA6; \n* \u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u3001\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\uFF08\u304B\u3089\uFF09\u4E2D\u306B\u7CFB\u306B\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4ED5\u4E8B; \n* \u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u3001\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u3068\u306E\u9593\u306E\u30D8\u30EB\u30E0\u30DB\u30EB\u30C4\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u5DEE\u3002\u304A\u3088\u304E\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u5FAE\u8996\u7684\u72B6\u614B\u306E\u6B63\u6E96\u5206\u5E03\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u308F\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 CFT\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u306F\u6B21\u306E\u901A\u308A\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u306E\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5DEE\u306F\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u4E2D\u306B\u6563\u9038\u3057\u305F\u4ED5\u4E8B\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u3002\u78BA\u7387\u304A\u3088\u3073\u306F\u3053\u306E\u5909\u63DB\u304C\u7121\u9650\u306B\u9045\u3044\u901F\u3055\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u6642\u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u5E73\u8861\u5909\u63DB\u6642\u306B\u540C\u4E00\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305F\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3001\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u6642\u9593\u53CD\u8EE2\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u4F7F\u3044\u3001\uFF08\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u3068\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u3067\uFF09\u540C\u3058\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u5168\u3066\u306E\u8ECC\u8DE1\u3092\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u5316\u3059\u308B\u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u304B\u3089\u3078\u306E\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u30E0\u306A\u7CFB\u306E\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884C\u4F7F\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4ED5\u4E8B\u306E\u91CF\u306E\u78BA\u7387\u5206\u5E03\uFF08\u307E\u305F\u306F\u5BC6\u5EA6\uFF09\u3092\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u4E0A\u8A18\u306E\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3092\u4ED5\u4E8B\u5206\u5E03\u95A2\u6570\u306E\u89B3\u70B9\u304B\u3089\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u66F8\u304F\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u3053\u3067\u7559\u610F\u3059\u3079\u304D\u306F\u3001\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ED5\u4E8B\u5206\u5E03\u95A2\u6570\u306F\u9006\u7B26\u53F7\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3092\u53D6\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3068\u3066\u8A55\u4FA1\u3055\u308C\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u70B9\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u304A\u3088\u3073\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u904E\u7A0B\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B2\u3064\u306E\u4ED5\u4E8B\u5206\u5E03\u306F\u3067\u4EA4\u5DEE\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u73FE\u8C61\u306F\u5C0F\u3055\u306ARNA\u30D8\u30A2\u30D4\u30F3\u304A\u3088\u3073RNA\u4E09\u91CD\u3089\u305B\u3093\u9023\u7D50\u306E\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\uFF08\u6298\u308A\u7573\u307F\uFF09\u306E\u904E\u7A0B\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5149\u30D4\u30F3\u30BB\u30C3\u30C8\u3092\u4F7F\u3063\u3066\u5B9F\u9A13\u7684\u306B\u691C\u8A3C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 CFT\u306F\u30B8\u30E3\u30EB\u30B8\u30F3\u30B9\u30AD\u30FC\u7B49\u5F0F\u3092\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u306B\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . "Das Fluktuationstheorem von Crooks, oder k\u00FCrzer Crooks-Fluktuationstheorem (CFT), ist eine Gleichung der statistischen Physik, genauer der Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik. Gegenstand des Theorems ist die Entwicklung eines physikalischen Systems in der Zeit von einem Anfangszustand zu einem Endzustand und die umgekehrte Entwicklung mit vertauschtem Anfangs- und Endzustand. Es k\u00F6nnen dabei auch externe Parameter auf das System einwirken, deren Werte dann beim R\u00FCckw\u00E4rtsprozess in umgekehrter Reihenfolge auftreten. Das Theorem erlaubt es, das Verh\u00E4ltnis der Wahrscheinlichkeiten f\u00FCr solche Vorw\u00E4rts- und R\u00FCckw\u00E4rtsprozesse durch einfachere Gr\u00F6\u00DFen auszudr\u00FCcken. Das CFT ist benannt nach dem Chemiker , der es 1998 entdeckte."@de . . . "Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406"@zh . . "The Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT), sometimes known as the Crooks equation, is an equation in statistical mechanics that relates the work done on a system during a non-equilibrium transformation to the free energy difference between the final and the initial state of the transformation. During the non-equilibrium transformation the system is at constant volume and in contact with a heat reservoir. The CFT is named after the chemist Gavin E. Crooks (then at University of California, Berkeley) who discovered it in 1998. The most general statement of the CFT relates the probability of a space-time trajectory to the time-reversal of the trajectory . The theorem says if the dynamics of the system satisfies microscopic reversibility, then the forward time trajectory is exponentially more likely than the reverse, given that it produces entropy, If one defines a generic reaction coordinate of the system as a function of the Cartesian coordinates of the constituent particles ( e.g. , a distance between two particles), one can characterize every point along the reaction coordinate path by a parameter , such that and correspond to two ensembles of microstates for which the reaction coordinate is constrained to different values. A dynamical process where is externally driven from zero to one, according to an arbitrary time scheduling, will be referred as forward transformation , while the time reversal path will be indicated as backwardtransformation. Given these definitions, the CFT sets a relation between the following five quantities: \n* , i.e. the joint probability of taking a microstate from the canonical ensemble corresponding to and of performing the forward transformation to the microstate corresponding to ; \n* , i.e. the joint probability of taking the microstate from the canonical ensemble corresponding to and of performing the backward transformation to the microstate corresponding to ; \n* , where is the Boltzmann constant and the temperature of the reservoir; \n* , i.e. the work done on the system during the forward transformation (from to ); \n* , i.e. the Helmholtz free energy difference between the state and , represented by the canonical distribution of microstates having and , respectively. The CFT equation reads as follows: In the previous equation the difference corresponds to the work dissipated in the forward transformation, . The probabilities and become identical when the transformation is performed at infinitely slow speed, i.e. for equilibrium transformations. In such cases, and Using the time reversal relation , and grouping together all the trajectories yielding the same work (in the forward and backward transformation), i.e. determining the probability distribution (or density) of an amount of work being exerted by a random system trajectory from to , we can write the above equation in terms of the work distribution functions as follows Note that for the backward transformation, the work distribution function must be evaluated by taking the work with the opposite sign. The two work distributions for the forward and backward processes cross at . This phenomenon has been experimentally verified using optical tweezers for theprocess of unfolding and refolding of a small RNA hairpin and an RNA three-helix junction. The CFT implies the Jarzynski equality."@en . "1080533474"^^ . "\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u63FA\u52D5\u5B9A\u7406\uFF08\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u3088\u3046\u3069\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308A\u3001\u82F1: Crooks fluctuation theorem\u3001\u7565\u79F0CFT; \u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u63FA\u3089\u304E\u306E\u5B9A\u7406\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u5909\u63DB\u4E2D\u306B\u7CFB\u306B\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3068\u5909\u63DB\u306E\u7D42\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u59CB\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u306E\u9593\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u5DEE\u3092\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u7D71\u8A08\u529B\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\uFF08Crooks equation\u3001\u7565\u79F0CE\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u5909\u63DB\u4E2D\u306B\u3001\u7CFB\u306F\u5B9A\u7A4D\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3068\u63A5\u89E6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002CFT\u306F\u30011998\u5E74\u306B\u3053\u308C\u3092\u767A\u898B\u3057\u305F\u306B\u3061\u306A\u3093\u3067\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002 CFT\u306E\u6700\u3082\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u8A00\u660E\u306F\u3001\u6642\u7A7A\u9593\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u78BA\u7387\u3068\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u6642\u9593\u53CD\u8EE2\u306E\u78BA\u7387\u3092\u7D50\u3073\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3002\u672C\u5B9A\u7406\u306F\u3001\u3082\u3057\u7CFB\u306E\u52D5\u529B\u5B66\u304C\u3092\u6E80\u305F\u3059\u306A\u3089\u3070\u3001\u30A8\u30F3\u30C8\u30ED\u30D4\u30FC\u3092\u751F\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u306E\u6642\u9593\u8ECC\u8DE1\u306E\u65B9\u304C\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u3088\u308A\u3082\u6307\u6570\u95A2\u6570\u7684\u306B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u9AD8\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u308B\u3002 \u69CB\u6210\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u76F4\u4EA4\u5EA7\u6A19\uFF08\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u30012\u3064\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u9593\u306E\u8DDD\u96E2\uFF09\u306E\u95A2\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7CFB\u306E\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u53CD\u5FDC\u5EA7\u6A19\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u53CD\u5FDC\u5EA7\u6A19\u7D4C\u8DEF\u306B\u6CBF\u3063\u305F\u5168\u3066\u306E\u70B9\u3092\u3001\u3068\u304C\u306E2\u3064\u306E\u30A2\u30F3\u30B5\u30F3\u30D6\u30EB\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u30D1\u30E9\u30E1\u30FC\u30BF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5FB4\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u4EFB\u610F\u306E\u6642\u9593\u30B9\u30B1\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306B\u5F93\u3063\u3066\u304C\u30BC\u30ED\u304B\u30891\u306B\u5916\u90E8\u7684\u306B\u99C6\u52D5\u3055\u308C\u308B\u52D5\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u306F\u300C\u9806\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u53CD\u8EE2\u7D4C\u8DEF\u306F\u300C\u9006\u65B9\u5411\u5909\u63DB\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3092\u6240\u4E0E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001CFT\u306F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E5\u3064\u306E\u91CF\u306E\u9593\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u308B\u3002 CFT\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u306F\u6B21\u306E\u901A\u308A\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 CFT\u306F\u30B8\u30E3\u30EB\u30B8\u30F3\u30B9\u30AD\u30FC\u7B49\u5F0F\u3092\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u306B\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . . "5489"^^ . "The Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT), sometimes known as the Crooks equation, is an equation in statistical mechanics that relates the work done on a system during a non-equilibrium transformation to the free energy difference between the final and the initial state of the transformation. During the non-equilibrium transformation the system is at constant volume and in contact with a heat reservoir. The CFT is named after the chemist Gavin E. Crooks (then at University of California, Berkeley) who discovered it in 1998. The CFT equation reads as follows: The CFT implies the Jarzynski equality."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\uFF08\u6216\u79F0Crooks\u65B9\u7A0B\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EDF\u8BA1\u529B\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u8BB2\u7684\u662F\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF08\u4FDD\u6301\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4F53\u79EF\u4E0D\u53D8\u5E76\u4E0E\u70ED\u5E93\u63A5\u89E6\uFF09\uFF0C\u521D\u6001\u672B\u6001\u81EA\u7531\u80FD\u4E4B\u5DEE\u4E0E\u5728\u6B64\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u5BF9\u7CFB\u7EDF\u505A\u529F\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u7531\u5316\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF08\u5F53\u65F6\u5728\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\uFF09\u4E8E1998\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u3002 \u5177\u4F53\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\u8BB2\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u8003\u8651\u6001\u7A7A\u95F4\u4E2D\u4E00\u6761\u8F68\u8FF9\uFF0C\u5176\u65F6\u95F4\u53CD\u6F14\u8F68\u8FF9\u8BB0\u4E3A\uFF0C\u90A3\u4E48\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u6F14\u5316\u6EE1\u8DB3\uFF0C\u5219\u6B63\u5411\u8F68\u8FF9\u4E0E\u53CD\u6F14\u8F68\u8FF9\u51FA\u73B0\u7684\u51E0\u7387\u4E3A\uFF1A . \u662F\u71B5\u4EA7\u751F\u3002 \u8003\u8651\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53C2\u6570\u6765\u6807\u8BB0\uFF0C \u548C \u5206\u522B\u5BF9\u5E94\u4E8E\u521D\u6001\u548C\u672B\u6001\uFF08\u5206\u522B\u662F\u4E24\u4E2A\u7531\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7EDF\u8BA1\u7EFC\uFF09\uFF0C\u4ECE\u5230\u7684\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5C\u201C\u6B63\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\uFF0C\u5176\u65F6\u95F4\u53CD\u6F14\u8DEF\u5F84\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5C\u201C\u9006\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u3002Crooks\u65B9\u7A0B\u8BA8\u8BBA\u7684\u662F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u51E0\u4E2A\u7269\u7406\u91CF\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF1A \n* \uFF1A\u6307\u7684\u662F\u521D\u6001\uFF08\u5373\uFF09\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5904\u4E8E\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\uFF0C\u4E14\u901A\u8FC7\u201C\u6B63\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u5728\u672B\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5230\u8FBE\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u7684\u8054\u5408\u51E0\u7387 \n* \uFF1A\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5728\u672B\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5904\u4E8E\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\uFF0C\u4E14\u901A\u8FC7\u201C\u9006\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u5728\u521D\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5230\u8FBE\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u7684\u8054\u5408\u51E0\u7387 \n* \uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u662FBoltzmann\u5E38\u6570\uFF0C\u662F\u70ED\u5E93\u7684\u6E29\u5EA6 \n* \uFF0C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5728\u6B63\u5411\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D(\u4ECE\u5230)\u5BF9\u7CFB\u7EDF\u505A\u7684\u529F \n* \uFF0C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u548C\u7684Helmholtz\u81EA\u7531\u80FD\u4E4B\u5DEE\u3002 \u8FD9\u6837Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\u5C31\u5199\u4E3A\uFF1A \u5728\u4E0A\u9762\u7684\u65B9\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u8868\u793A\u5728\u6B63\u5411\u6F14\u5316\u4E2D\u7684\u8017\u6563\u529F\u3002\u82E5\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u65E0\u7A77\u7F13\u6162\uFF0C\u5219\u6B63\u53CD\u5411\u7684\u51E0\u7387\u4E0E\u76F8\u7B49\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E5F\u5C31\u56DE\u5F52\u5230\u5E73\u8861\u70ED\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u53D8\u6362\uFF0C\u8FD9\u65F6\uFF0C\u800C\u8017\u6563\u529F\u4E3A\u96F6 = 0\u3002 Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5173\u7CFB\u8FD8\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FAJarzynski\u6052\u7B49\u5F0F."@zh . . . "Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\uFF08\u6216\u79F0Crooks\u65B9\u7A0B\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EDF\u8BA1\u529B\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u8BB2\u7684\u662F\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF08\u4FDD\u6301\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4F53\u79EF\u4E0D\u53D8\u5E76\u4E0E\u70ED\u5E93\u63A5\u89E6\uFF09\uFF0C\u521D\u6001\u672B\u6001\u81EA\u7531\u80FD\u4E4B\u5DEE\u4E0E\u5728\u6B64\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u5BF9\u7CFB\u7EDF\u505A\u529F\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u7531\u5316\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF08\u5F53\u65F6\u5728\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\uFF09\u4E8E1998\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u3002 \u5177\u4F53\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\u8BB2\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u8003\u8651\u6001\u7A7A\u95F4\u4E2D\u4E00\u6761\u8F68\u8FF9\uFF0C\u5176\u65F6\u95F4\u53CD\u6F14\u8F68\u8FF9\u8BB0\u4E3A\uFF0C\u90A3\u4E48\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u6F14\u5316\u6EE1\u8DB3\uFF0C\u5219\u6B63\u5411\u8F68\u8FF9\u4E0E\u53CD\u6F14\u8F68\u8FF9\u51FA\u73B0\u7684\u51E0\u7387\u4E3A\uFF1A . \u662F\u71B5\u4EA7\u751F\u3002 \u8003\u8651\u975E\u5E73\u8861\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53C2\u6570\u6765\u6807\u8BB0\uFF0C \u548C \u5206\u522B\u5BF9\u5E94\u4E8E\u521D\u6001\u548C\u672B\u6001\uFF08\u5206\u522B\u662F\u4E24\u4E2A\u7531\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7EDF\u8BA1\u7EFC\uFF09\uFF0C\u4ECE\u5230\u7684\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5C\u201C\u6B63\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\uFF0C\u5176\u65F6\u95F4\u53CD\u6F14\u8DEF\u5F84\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5C\u201C\u9006\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u3002Crooks\u65B9\u7A0B\u8BA8\u8BBA\u7684\u662F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u51E0\u4E2A\u7269\u7406\u91CF\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\uFF1A \n* \uFF1A\u6307\u7684\u662F\u521D\u6001\uFF08\u5373\uFF09\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5904\u4E8E\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\uFF0C\u4E14\u901A\u8FC7\u201C\u6B63\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u5728\u672B\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5230\u8FBE\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u7684\u8054\u5408\u51E0\u7387 \n* \uFF1A\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5728\u672B\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5904\u4E8E\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\uFF0C\u4E14\u901A\u8FC7\u201C\u9006\u5411\u201D\u6F14\u5316\u5728\u521D\u6001\uFF08\uFF09\u5230\u8FBE\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u7684\u8054\u5408\u51E0\u7387 \n* \uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u662FBoltzmann\u5E38\u6570\uFF0C\u662F\u70ED\u5E93\u7684\u6E29\u5EA6 \n* \uFF0C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5728\u6B63\u5411\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D(\u4ECE\u5230)\u5BF9\u7CFB\u7EDF\u505A\u7684\u529F \n* \uFF0C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5FAE\u89C2\u6001\u548C\u7684Helmholtz\u81EA\u7531\u80FD\u4E4B\u5DEE\u3002 \u8FD9\u6837Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5B9A\u7406\u5C31\u5199\u4E3A\uFF1A \u5728\u4E0A\u9762\u7684\u65B9\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u8868\u793A\u5728\u6B63\u5411\u6F14\u5316\u4E2D\u7684\u8017\u6563\u529F\u3002\u82E5\u6F14\u5316\u8FC7\u7A0B\u65E0\u7A77\u7F13\u6162\uFF0C\u5219\u6B63\u53CD\u5411\u7684\u51E0\u7387\u4E0E\u76F8\u7B49\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E5F\u5C31\u56DE\u5F52\u5230\u5E73\u8861\u70ED\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u53D8\u6362\uFF0C\u8FD9\u65F6\uFF0C\u800C\u8017\u6563\u529F\u4E3A\u96F6 = 0\u3002 \u5728\u65F6\u95F4\u53CD\u6F14\u53D8\u6362\u4E0B\uFF0C\u6211\u4EEC\u603B\u6709\uFF0C\u4E8E\u662F\u6211\u4EEC\u53EF\u4EE5\u628A\u6240\u6709\u80FD\u7ED9\u51FA\u76F8\u540C\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u529F\u7684\u8DEF\u5F84\u52A0\u548C\u5728\u4E00\u8D77\uFF0C\u4E0A\u9762\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\u5C31\u53EF\u4EE5\u5199\u4E3A\u505A\u529F\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u51E0\u7387\u5206\u5E03\uFF1A \u6CE8\u610F\u5230\u9006\u5411\u6F14\u5316\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u7684\u505A\u529F\u5E26\u7740\u4E00\u4E2A\u8D1F\u53F7\u3002\u4E8E\u662F\u6B63\u5411\u548C\u53CD\u5411\u505A\u529F\u7684\u5206\u5E03\u51FD\u6570\u4F1A\u5728\u5904\u76F8\u4EA4\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u73B0\u8C61\u5DF2\u7ECF\u5728\u7528\u5149\u954A\u6298\u53E0RNA\u7684\u5B9E\u9A8C\u4E2D\u5F97\u5230\u9A8C\u8BC1\u3002 Crooks\u6DA8\u843D\u5173\u7CFB\u8FD8\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FAJarzynski\u6052\u7B49\u5F0F."@zh . "\u30AF\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u63FA\u52D5\u5B9A\u7406"@ja . . . . . . . . "5920062"^^ . "Crooks fluctuation theorem"@en . . . .