. . . . "Dioptryka (gr. dioptrik\u00E9, \u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C0\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE) \u2013 dzia\u0142 optyki zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 badaniami zjawisk za\u0142amywania \u015Bwiat\u0142a, szczeg\u00F3lnie przez soczewki. Termin ten wprowadzi\u0142 Johannes Kepler w swoim dziele z 1611 roku: Dioptryka, czyli dow\u00F3d na to, jak obraz staje si\u0119 widoczny dzi\u0119ki nowo wynalezionemu teleskopowi (oryg. fr. Dioptrice seu demonstratio eorum quae visui & visibilibus propter Conspicilla ita pridem inventa accident). Z tego powodu refraktory, czyli teleskopy u\u017Cywaj\u0105ce do obrazowania soczewek s\u0105 czasami nazywane teleskopami dioptrycznymi. W tym samym kontek\u015Bcie m\u00F3wi si\u0119 tak\u017Ce o obiektywach dioptrycznych, kt\u00F3re wykorzystuj\u0105 wy\u0142\u0105cznie soczewki (a nie lustra, czy kombinacje luster i soczewek). Za badania dioptryki oka, w roku 1911 Nagrod\u0119 Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny otrzyma\u0142 Allvar Gullstrand."@pl . . . . . "\u5C48\u5149\u5B78\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5C04\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u901A\u904E\u900F\u93E1\u7684\u5149\u3002\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u4F7F\u7528\u7269\u93E1\u5275\u5EFA\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u5F71\u50CF\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u662F\u51F8\u900F\u93E1 (\u6298\u5C04\u93E1) \uFF0C\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\"\u5C48\u5149\"\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u3002 \u65E9\u671F\u5C0D\u5C48\u5149\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u662F\u7531\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u6307\u5C0E\u7684\uFF0C\u95DC\u4FC2\u5230\u4EBA\u985E\u773C\u775B\u4EE5\u53CA\u5A92\u9AD4\uFF0C\u5982\u6C34\u4E2D\u7684\u6298\u5C04\u3002\u6D77\u4EC0\u6728\u5C07\u5C0D\u5C48\u5149\u5B78\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u64F4\u53CA\u5230\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u800C\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u3002"@zh . . . . . "1018849641"^^ . . "1573"^^ . . . "Di\u00F3ptrica \u00E9 o ramo da \u00F3tica que lida com a refra\u00E7\u00E3o, da mesma forma que o ramo que lida com espelhos \u00E9 conhecido como . A di\u00F3ptrica \u00E9 o estudo da refra\u00E7\u00E3o da luz, especialmente por lentes. Telesc\u00F3pios que criam sua imagem com uma objetiva que \u00E9 uma lente convexa (refratores) s\u00E3o chamados de telesc\u00F3pios \"di\u00F3ptricos\". Um dos primeiros estudos de di\u00F3ptrica foi conduzido por Ptolomeu em rela\u00E7\u00E3o ao olho humano, bem como a refra\u00E7\u00E3o em meios como a \u00E1gua. A compreens\u00E3o dos princ\u00EDpios da dioptria foi posteriormente expandida por Alhazen, considerado o ."@pt . . "1221884"^^ . . "Dioptrics"@en . . "Dioptrique"@fr . . "\u5C48\u5149\u5B78"@zh . . . "Dioptrik (fr\u00FCher Anaklastik) ist das Teilgebiet der Optik, das sich mit lichtbrechenden Systemen besch\u00E4ftigt. Es grenzt sich ab von der Katoptrik, die sich mit spiegelnden Systemen befasst. Die lateinische Form \u201EDioptrice\u201C ist der Titel eines bedeutenden Werks von Johannes Kepler \u00FCber das Fachgebiet. In der Lichtmikroskopie werden Kondensoren, die aus Glaslinsen bestehen, als dioptrisch bezeichnet, um sie von katoptrischen abzugrenzen, die aus Spiegeln bestehen. Dioptrische Kondensoren sind also der Normalfall. Allvar Gullstrand erhielt 1911 den Nobelpreis f\u00FCr Physiologie oder Medizin \u201Ef\u00FCr seine Arbeiten \u00FCber die Dioptrik des Auges\u201C. Ein katadioptrisches System, zum Beispiel ein katadioptrisches Teleskop, hat sowohl reflektierende (katoptrische) als auch brechende (dioptrische) Elemente. Weitere Beispiele sind Spiegellinsenobjektive und Katadioptrische Dialyte."@de . "Di\u00F3ptrica"@pt . . . "\u0414\u0438\u043E\u043F\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru . . . . . . "Dioptryka (gr. dioptrik\u00E9, \u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C0\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE) \u2013 dzia\u0142 optyki zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 badaniami zjawisk za\u0142amywania \u015Bwiat\u0142a, szczeg\u00F3lnie przez soczewki. Termin ten wprowadzi\u0142 Johannes Kepler w swoim dziele z 1611 roku: Dioptryka, czyli dow\u00F3d na to, jak obraz staje si\u0119 widoczny dzi\u0119ki nowo wynalezionemu teleskopowi (oryg. fr. Dioptrice seu demonstratio eorum quae visui & visibilibus propter Conspicilla ita pridem inventa accident). Za badania dioptryki oka, w roku 1911 Nagrod\u0119 Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny otrzyma\u0142 Allvar Gullstrand."@pl . . . "Dioptrik (fr\u00FCher Anaklastik) ist das Teilgebiet der Optik, das sich mit lichtbrechenden Systemen besch\u00E4ftigt. Es grenzt sich ab von der Katoptrik, die sich mit spiegelnden Systemen befasst. Die lateinische Form \u201EDioptrice\u201C ist der Titel eines bedeutenden Werks von Johannes Kepler \u00FCber das Fachgebiet. Ein katadioptrisches System, zum Beispiel ein katadioptrisches Teleskop, hat sowohl reflektierende (katoptrische) als auch brechende (dioptrische) Elemente. Weitere Beispiele sind Spiegellinsenobjektive und Katadioptrische Dialyte."@de . . . "Dioptrics is the branch of optics dealing with refraction, similarly the branch dealing with mirrors is known as catoptrics. Dioptrics is the study of the refraction of light, especially by lenses. Telescopes that create their image with an objective that is a convex lens (refractors) are said to be \"dioptric\" telescopes. An early study of dioptrics was conducted by Ptolemy in relationship to the human eye as well as refraction in media such as water. The understanding of the principles of dioptrics was further expanded by Alhazen, considered the father of modern optics."@en . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u043E\u043F\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. dioptrika, \u043E\u0442 dia \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437, \u0441\u043A\u0432\u043E\u0437\u044C \u0438 opteuo \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446. \u0424\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438."@ru . "\u0414\u0438\u043E\u043F\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. dioptrika, \u043E\u0442 dia \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437, \u0441\u043A\u0432\u043E\u0437\u044C \u0438 opteuo \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446. \u0424\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438."@ru . "La dioptrique est la partie de l'optique g\u00E9om\u00E9trique qui s'int\u00E9resse aux probl\u00E8mes de r\u00E9fraction d'un rayon lumineux entre deux milieux. Sont principalement \u00E9tudi\u00E9s les dioptres et les lentilles. Les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de r\u00E9fraction sont observ\u00E9s par les math\u00E9maticiens grecs, mais cette discipline prend v\u00E9ritablement naissance apr\u00E8s les \u00E9crits (983-985) du math\u00E9maticien arabe Ibn Sahl qui \u00E9nonce la loi de Snell-Descartes."@fr . . . "Di\u00F3ptrica \u00E9 o ramo da \u00F3tica que lida com a refra\u00E7\u00E3o, da mesma forma que o ramo que lida com espelhos \u00E9 conhecido como . A di\u00F3ptrica \u00E9 o estudo da refra\u00E7\u00E3o da luz, especialmente por lentes. Telesc\u00F3pios que criam sua imagem com uma objetiva que \u00E9 uma lente convexa (refratores) s\u00E3o chamados de telesc\u00F3pios \"di\u00F3ptricos\". Um dos primeiros estudos de di\u00F3ptrica foi conduzido por Ptolomeu em rela\u00E7\u00E3o ao olho humano, bem como a refra\u00E7\u00E3o em meios como a \u00E1gua. A compreens\u00E3o dos princ\u00EDpios da dioptria foi posteriormente expandida por Alhazen, considerado o ."@pt . . "Dioptrik"@de . . . . . . "Dioptrics is the branch of optics dealing with refraction, similarly the branch dealing with mirrors is known as catoptrics. Dioptrics is the study of the refraction of light, especially by lenses. Telescopes that create their image with an objective that is a convex lens (refractors) are said to be \"dioptric\" telescopes. An early study of dioptrics was conducted by Ptolemy in relationship to the human eye as well as refraction in media such as water. The understanding of the principles of dioptrics was further expanded by Alhazen, considered the father of modern optics."@en . "\u5C48\u5149\u5B78\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5C04\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u901A\u904E\u900F\u93E1\u7684\u5149\u3002\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u4F7F\u7528\u7269\u93E1\u5275\u5EFA\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u5F71\u50CF\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u662F\u51F8\u900F\u93E1 (\u6298\u5C04\u93E1) \uFF0C\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\"\u5C48\u5149\"\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u3002 \u65E9\u671F\u5C0D\u5C48\u5149\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u662F\u7531\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u6307\u5C0E\u7684\uFF0C\u95DC\u4FC2\u5230\u4EBA\u985E\u773C\u775B\u4EE5\u53CA\u5A92\u9AD4\uFF0C\u5982\u6C34\u4E2D\u7684\u6298\u5C04\u3002\u6D77\u4EC0\u6728\u5C07\u5C0D\u5C48\u5149\u5B78\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u64F4\u53CA\u5230\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u800C\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u3002"@zh . . . . "Dioptryka"@pl . . . . . . . "La dioptrique est la partie de l'optique g\u00E9om\u00E9trique qui s'int\u00E9resse aux probl\u00E8mes de r\u00E9fraction d'un rayon lumineux entre deux milieux. Sont principalement \u00E9tudi\u00E9s les dioptres et les lentilles. Les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de r\u00E9fraction sont observ\u00E9s par les math\u00E9maticiens grecs, mais cette discipline prend v\u00E9ritablement naissance apr\u00E8s les \u00E9crits (983-985) du math\u00E9maticien arabe Ibn Sahl qui \u00E9nonce la loi de Snell-Descartes."@fr . .